Letters to the Editor

Van Wyk et al. have reported a case of goiter and hypothyroidism in an infant maintained 8 months on a diet of soybean milk (Mull-Soy®). Their studies of this case and comparison with apparently normal individuals have led them to infer the presence in soy of a goitrogen which, in susceptible persons, modifies thyroid metabolism. We are studying the effect of soybean products on thyroid activity in rats and it seems desirable to present certain preliminary observations at this time. Rats, housed in individual wire-screen cages, were fed diets simulating soybean milk in composition and fortified with vitamins and iron to meet the known requirements. Water, ion-exchanged to remove traces of iodine, was provided ad libitum.

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Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.28.3.514 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 514-514

Author(s):

ALEX J. STEIGMAN

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Tract ◽

Typographical Error ◽

Letters To The Editor ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Symptoms And Signs

In response to Doctor Kozinn's thoughtful letter, may I say at once that his latter point is entirely well taken; nystatin is considered specific rather than "nonspecific," a typographical error which should be rectified in future editions. As to the source of Candida, the Report states that p. 55) "yeastlike fungi are frequently found in intestinal tract, vagina, and skin of normal individuals." The skin ought not be singled out. In any of these three anatomic sites Candida may result in symptoms and signs. It was not intended to dismiss C. albicans as a common saprophyte. The Committee appreciates comments and criticism of its brief Report.

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Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.33.2.308a ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 308-309

Author(s):

ARMOND S. GOLDMAN ◽

D. W. ANDERSON ◽

S. R. HALPERN ◽

W. A. SELLARS

Keyword(s):

Milk Protein ◽

Lactose Intolerance ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Oral Challenge ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Letters To The Editor ◽

Soybean Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Milk Sugar ◽

Challenge Tests

In the study of oral challenge of allergic patients with milk, the inclusion of patients with milk sugar intolerance was minimized by using lactose-free purified milk proteins for confirmatory oral challenge tests. These purified milk proteins did contain sucrose, but the possibility of sucrose intolerance was excluded because the soybean milk used during the asymptomatic periods of milk elimination also contained sucrose. We agree with Dr. Ingall that in the absence of oral challenge with purified milk proteins, it is difficult to distinguish between milk protein hypersensitivity and lactose intolerance in those patients exhibiting solely gastrointestinal reactions when challenged with lactose-containing cow's milk.

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Validation and Application of an Immunofluorimetric Assay for Detection of Serum Free Triiodothyronine and Free Thyroxine Concentrations in Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) under Various Physiological Conditions

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063870902100511 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 668-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberto Ambrosio ◽

Maria Laura Sannino ◽

Laura Cortese ◽

Clemente Nappi ◽

Daniela Ara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Free Thyroxine ◽

Average Sensitivity ◽

Thyroid Activity ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Serum Free ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Different Ages ◽

Thyroid Metabolism

The current study was designed to validate an immunofluorimetric method to measure free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations in the serum of buffalo and to develop a better understanding of thyroid metabolism in buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) of different ages and reproductive statuses. Free triiodothyronine and fT4 were determined in sera from 4 groups of 10 animals, each representing 5–10-year-old lactating buffalo, 2–3–year-old first calf heifers, 1–1.5-year-old virgin heifers, and 5–10–year-old dry buffalo. The average sensitivity of the immunofluorimetric assay was 5.9 pmol/l for fT3 and 14.7 pmol/l for fT4. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation were 5.6% and 5.1% for fT3 and 1.5% and 4.3% for fT4, respectively. Virgin heifers had higher average values for fT3 and fT4, while lactating buffalo had the lowest average values. Dry buffalo and first calf heifers had intermediate fT3 and fT4 values. The findings of this study suggested that lactating buffalo were in a state of low thyroid activity, while virgin heifers had increased thyroid activity.

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Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.24.5.855 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 855-856

Author(s):

HERBERT P. SARETT

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Letters To The Editor ◽

Soybean Milk

The soybean is one of many foods known to contain potentially goitrogenic substances. The effects of these goitrogens may be diminished by processing of the bean, or eliminated by addition of iodide to the diet. In view of the paper in this issue of Pediatrics on the goitrogenic effect of a soybean milk used in infant feeding, it is important to report our previously unpublished results with Sobee®. Though Sobee® is a soybean preparation it is not goitrogenic as measured by an increase in the relative weights of the thyroid gland in rats.

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Thyroid function as measured by 131iodine release rate, weight and RNA/DNA in growing lambs, and its relation to growth rate

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100027045 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 399-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. A. Draper ◽

N. B. Haynes ◽

I. R. Falconer ◽

G. E. Lamming

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Rate Constant ◽

Release Rate ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Thyroid Status ◽

Thyroid Activity ◽

Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThyroid activity was assessed in two groups of crossbred lambs and in Dorset Horn lambs fed ad libitum, by measuring the rate constant (K4) for the release of 131iodine from the gland. The results demonstrated a highly significant curvilinear correlation (P<0·001) between growth rate and the rate constant (K4) in experiments based on individual measurements in animals from three populations.Separate work carried out on the measurements of both thyroid size and RNA/DNA ratio suggests a need for caution when these are interpreted as parameters of thyroid activity. In the growing animal these may be more reflective of the growth of the thyroid gland itself, differences which may be governed by factors not directly related to variations in hormone secretion rate.The findings are discussed in terms of an explanation of the contradictory results obtained where attempts have been made to alter the thyroid status of growing animals by the use of thyroid hormone analogues and thyroid depressant drugs.

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Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103826 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

G. Ilse ◽

K. Kovacs ◽

N. Ryan ◽

T. Sano ◽

L. Stefaneanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽

Aging Male ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Old Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

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Alteration of Mitochondria in Oxythiamine-Induced, Acute Thiamine Deficiency in the Mouse

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091408 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

Itaru Watanabe ◽

Dante G. Scarpelli

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Adult Male ◽

Thiamine Deficiency ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Fatty Change ◽

Deficient Diet ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Swiss Mice ◽

Time Period ◽

Ad Libitum

Acute thiamine deficiency was produced in mice by the administration of oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, superimposed upon a thiamine deficient diet. Adult male Swiss mice (30 gm. B.W.) were fed with a thiamine deficient diet ad libitumand were injected with oxythiamine (170 mg/Kg B.W.) subcutaneously on days 4 and 10. On day 11, severe lassitude and anorexia developed, followed by death within 48 hours. The animals treated daily with subcutaneous injections of thiamine (300 μg/Kg B.W.) from day 11 through 15 were kept alive. Similarly, feeding with a diet containing thiamine (600 μg/Kg B.W./day) from day 9 through 17 reversed the condition. During this time period, no fatal illness occurred in the controls which were pair-fed with a thiamine deficient diet.The oxythiamine-treated mice showed a significant enlargement of the liver, which weighed approximately 1.5 times as much as that of the pair-fed controls. By light and electron microscopy, the hepatocytes were markedly swollen due to severe fatty change and swelling of the mitochondria.

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A freeze-fracture-etched study of the physarum polycephalum plasma membrane during early formation of the macroplasmodial stage

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100147570 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 346-347

Author(s):

Randolph W. Taylor ◽

Henrie Treadwell

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Growth Phase ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Physarum Polycephalum ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Wire Screen ◽

Wide Mouth ◽

Sterile Filter

The plasma membrane of the Slime Mold, Physarum polycephalum, process unique morphological distinctions at different stages of the life cycle. Investigations of the plasma membrane of P. polycephalum, particularly, the arrangements of the intramembranous particles has provided useful information concerning possible changes occurring in higher organisms. In this report Freeze-fracture-etched techniques were used to investigate 3 hours post-fusion of the macroplasmodia stage of the P. polycephalum plasma membrane.Microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum (M3C), axenically maintained, were collected in mid-expotential growth phase by centrifugation. Aliquots of microplasmodia were spread in 3 cm circles with a wide mouth pipette onto sterile filter paper which was supported on a wire screen contained in a petri dish. The cells were starved for 2 hrs at 24°C. After starvation, the cells were feed semidefined medium supplemented with hemin and incubated at 24°C. Three hours after incubation, samples were collected randomly from the petri plates, placed in plancettes and frozen with a propane-nitrogen jet freezer.

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