T-3 Uptake in Infants and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
JAMES F. MARKS
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
In Infants And Children

The values obtained by Kundstadter and associates vary rather markedly from those obtained by ourselves and others. They found elevated T-3-RBC uptake at various periods throughout childhood, while our results showed an elevation only in early infancy. Even there Kundstadter et al. showed a much greater change than we did. Our work was in part misrepresented by the authors, when they stated that we did not distinguish among various age groups. We divided our infants under 18 months into a number of discrete groups. We grouped together children 1½ to 15 years of age because our data indicated these children represented a homogeneous group with respect to T-3 uptake. Indeed, observation of the authors' data for children 2 to 13 years suggests no real statistical difference among the three separate groups into which they have been divided.

scholarly journals Influence of soya-based infant formula consumption on isoflavone and gut microflora metabolite concentrations in urine and on faecal microflora composition and metabolic activity in infants and children

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leane Hoey ◽  
Ian R. Rowland ◽  
Antony S. Lloyd ◽  
Don B. Clarke ◽  
Helen Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
In Infants And Children

The urinary excretion of soya isoflavones and gut microflora metabolites was investigated in infants and children who had been fed soya-based infant formulas in early infancy. These infants and children were compared with cows'-milk formula-fed controls, to determine at what age gut microflora metabolism of daidzein to equol and/orO-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) was established, and whether exposure to isoflavones in early infancy influences their metabolism at a later stage of development. Sixty infants and children (aged 4 months–7 years) participated in the study; thirty in each of the soya and control groups. There were four age groups. These were: 4–6 months (seven in the soya group and seven in the control group); 7–12 months (seven in the soya group and nine in the control group); 1–3 years (six in the soya group and eight in the control group); 3–7 years (ten in the soya group and six in the control group). Urine samples were collected to measure isoflavonoids by MS, and faecal samples were collected to measure gut-health-related bacterial composition, by fluorescentin situhybridisation with oligonucleotide probes, and metabolic activity. A soya challenge (typically a soya yoghurt alternative product containing 4·8g soya protein and on average 22mg total isoflavones) was given to control-group infants (>6 months) and children, and also to soya-group children that were no longer consuming soya, to determine their ability to produce equol and/orO-DMA. Urinary genistein, daidzein and glycitein were detected in all infants (4–6 months) fed soya-based infant formula;O-DMA was detected in 75% of infants but equol was detected in only 25%. In the controls (4–6 months), urinary isoflavonoids were very low or not detected. In the older age groups (7 months–7 years),O-DMA was found in the urine samples of 75% of the soya group and 50% of the controls, after the soya challenge. Equol excretion was detected in 19% of the soya-group infants and children, and in only 5% of the controls. However, in the oldest (3–7 years) children, the proportion excretingO-DMA and equol was similar in both groups. Faecal bacterial numbers forbifidobacteria(P<0·001),bacteroidesandclostridia(P<0·05) were significantly lower for the soya group compared with the control group. There appears to be no lasting effect of early-life isoflavone exposure on isoflavone metabolism.

SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: A REVIEW OF 117 CASES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nelson ◽  
Wayne C. Koontz
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
In Infants And Children

A review of 117 cases of septic arthritis in infants and children revealed that the concept of staphylococci and streptococci as the major etiologic organisms should be modified to stress the frequency of Hemophilus influenzae in the 6-month to 2-year age bracket and to emphasize the variety of bacteria that must be anticipated in individual cases. Suggestions are made for increasing the frequency of bacteriologic diagnoses and for initiating the antibiotic therapy of patients with septic arthritis based upon age groups and observations of bacterial stains of joint fluid.

Laparoscopic renal surgery in infants and children: is it a safe procedure for all pediatric age groups (results after 146 cases)?

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. S75-S76
Author(s):  
Francisco T. Denes ◽  
Alessandro Tavares ◽  
Edison D Schneider-Monteiro ◽  
Jose Bessa- Jr ◽  
Miguel Srougi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Renal Surgery ◽  
In Infants And Children

scholarly journals An analysis of deaths in Tuliszków parish caused by a cholera epidemic in 1831

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Bogdan Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Difference ◽  
In Infants And Children ◽  
Children Under 5

BACKGROUND. Information is presented about cholera as an infectious disease and an epidemic in Polish lands and in Europe in 1831 based on old and modern sources. OBJECTIVE. To analyze the difference in the percentages of deaths from cholera depending on age, in the Tuliszków parish during the cholera epidemic in 1831. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A query was carried out in the archives. Information on deaths between 1829 and 1839 was obtained from the parish registry files. The following factors were taken into account: the cause of death, the age of the deceased and the place of residence. For individual age groups, the numbers of people who died of cholera in 1831 and those who died from other causes in the control year 1835 were compared by the Fisher test. The GBL and PubMed database was searched using the keywords: cholera, cholera epidemic, deaths, Tuliszków, the year 1831, Holy Spirit Hospital, Konin. RESULTS. An outbreak of cholera in Tuliszków parish in 1831 began around the 8th of August and lasted until about the 10th of October. 81 people died of cholera: 74 people in Tuliszków and 7 people in Sarbicko. The number of deaths in infants and children up to 5 years of age was in fact significantly lower than in other age groups (p = 0.0052). The percentage of deaths from cholera compared to deaths from other causes among infants and children under 5 years of age decreased from 52.46% to 28.4%. In the age group of 20 to 40 years old it increased from 13.11% to 23.46% and in the age group over 55 years from 9.84% to 19.75%. CONCLUSIONS. In Tuliszków parish in 1831, the number of deaths of infants and children under 5 years of age caused by cholera was indeed significantly lower than in other age groups (p = 0.0052).

HIATAL HERNIA AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532
Author(s):  
J. Judson McNamara ◽  
Donald L. Paulson ◽  
Harold C. Urschel
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Excellent Result ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
In Infants And Children

Gastroesophageal reflux, usually with associated hiatal hernia, is recognized as a cause of disabling esophageal and respiratory complications in all age groups; but, until recently, it has been thought to be an unusual problem in infants and children. Respiratory complications, now appreciated with increased frequency in the adult population, may also occur in the pediatric age group. Thirty patients under 20 years of age with gastroesophageal reflux are presented. Eighteen patients underwent surgical repair. Respiratory complications alone occurred in 3 patients, 2 had only esophageal complications, and 13 had both respiratory and esophageal complications or symptoms as indication for surgery. Symptoms and signs of both respiratory and esophageal complications are tabulated. Results of medical and surgical therapy are summarized. Surgical patients all represented failure of at least 1 year of medical treatment. Fourteen patients were asymptomatic (excellent result) 6 months to 6 years after surgery. One was considered a good result, one was considered a fair result, and two were considered poor results or failures of surgical treatment. Results of surgical treatment depends principally on appropriate patient selection. The diagnostic approach particularly in patients with respiratory complications of gastroesophageal reflux is outlined. The data indicates that many severe recurrent respiratory problems of unexplained etiology in infants and children are due to gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic renal surgery in infants and children: is it a feasible and safe procedure for all pediatric age groups?

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco T. Denes ◽  
Alessandro Tavares ◽  
Edison D. S. Monteiro ◽  
Jose de Bessa Jr. ◽  
Amilcar M. Giron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Renal Surgery ◽  
In Infants And Children

scholarly journals When to start antiretroviral therapy in infants and children

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark F Cotton ◽  
Helena Rabie ◽  
Ute Feucht ◽  
Avy Violari
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Early Therapy ◽  
In Infants And Children

This articles provides a background for antiretroviral therapy in infants and children, incorporating both old and new data. There is increasing data favouring early therapy for all age groups. Below a year of age, all HIV-infected infants should commence therapy and thereafter at higher CD4 thresholds than previous recommendations

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

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