ECHO II OUTBREAK IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND MOTHERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540
Author(s):  
Sumner Berkovich ◽  
Sidney Kibrick
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Upper Respiratory

A late summer outbreak of illness involving newborn infants and mothers is described. Seven infants and five mothers were studied. Although three enterovirus types were recovered from the infants, the outbreak was associated with infection by a variant of ECHO 11. Clinical signs included fever, diarrhea, upper respiratory disease, and aseptic meningitis. In three infants the antibody response significantly exceeded that of the mother. The evidence for an etiologic association of ECHO 11 infection with disease is reviewed.

scholarly journals GapA+ Mycoplasma gallisepticum ts-11 has improved vaccine characteristics

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pollob K. Shil ◽  
Anna Kanci ◽  
Glenn F. Browning ◽  
Marc S. Marenda ◽  
Amir H. Noormohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Dose Dependent

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is an important poultry pathogen that causes respiratory disease and loss of production worldwide, and is currently controlled with live attenuated vaccines. These vaccines have limitations as they vary in their pathogenicity, the protection afforded and their transmissibility, but have been shown to effectively reduce losses associated with challenge in the field. A live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for the control of M. gallisepticum in several countries. This vaccine is highly dose-dependent and the flock antibody response is weak. GapA is the primary cytadherence molecule in M. gallisepticum, and the absence of GapA expression has been observed in the vast majority of cells in the ts-11 vaccine strain. In this study the immunogenicity of a GapA+ M. gallisepticum ts-11 vaccine was investigated in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Birds vaccinated with GapA+ M. gallisepticum ts-11 were protected against clinical signs of disease following challenge with virulent M. gallisepticum, and GapA+ M. gallisepticum ts-11 was shown to be non-pathogenic and more immunogenic at a lower dose than the currently available M. gallisepticum ts-11 vaccine. Thus, GapA+ M. gallisepticum ts-11 appears to have improved potential as a vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of twice-daily famciclovir administration on infectious upper respiratory disease in shelter-housed cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E Cooper ◽  
Sara M Thomasy ◽  
Tracy L Drazenovich ◽  
Philip H Kass ◽  
Sanskruti S Potnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Therapeutic Study

Objectives In humans with herpetic disease, early or pre-emptive famciclovir therapy reduces disease duration and severity. This prospective, masked, placebo-controlled study tested therapeutic and prophylactic effects of two famciclovir doses given to cats for 7 days following shelter entry. Methods Cats were assigned to prophylactic or therapeutic study arms based on clinical evidence of herpetic disease at study entry. Cats in the therapeutic arm received no treatment (n = 19), placebo (lactose; n = 18) or famciclovir at ~30 (n = 21) or ~90 mg/kg (n = 20) PO q12h for 7 days. Cats in the prophylactic arm received no treatment (n = 25) or famciclovir at ~30 (n = 28) or ~90 mg/kg (n = 27) PO q12h for 7 days. Disease scores, body weight, conjunctival feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) shedding, and adoption rates were recorded on days 1 (admission), 8 (end of therapy) and 15 (1 week after cessation of therapy). Results No significant differences in clinical scores were observed among groups in the prophylactic or therapeutic arms at any of the three time points. However, within the therapeutic arm, viral shedding on day 8 was significantly higher in cats receiving no treatment than in those receiving ~30 or ~90 mg/kg famciclovir, and this effect persisted 1 week after famciclovir was stopped (day 15) only in cats receiving ~30 mg/kg, although this approached significance in cats receiving ~90 mg/kg. No significant differences in adoption rates were detected among groups in either arm throughout the study. Conclusions and relevance Although we did not demonstrate a statistically or clinically significant effect of famciclovir administration upon clinical signs of infectious upper respiratory disease or adoption, when it was administered at ~30 or ~90 mg/kg q12h for 1 week famciclovir reduced conjunctival FHV-1 shedding. This suggests a potential role in interrupting the infectious cycle within a shelter population; however, cost in time and resources, and stress and pathogen transmission induced by oral administration should be considered.

scholarly journals Transmission of Mycoplasma pulmonis between rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auriol Hill
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mycoplasma Pulmonis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Transmission was found to be more rapid from animals showing clinical signs of chronic respiratory disease than from rats with an inapparent experimental upper respiratory infection.

Lesions Produced by Feline Picornaviruses of Different Virulence in Pathogen-Free Cats

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Hoover ◽  
D. E. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Kidney Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Sixteen pathogen-free cats were exposed by aerosol to either of two feline picornavirus isolates. The isolates used were picornavirus-255 and kidney-cell-degenerating virus. These viruses were selected to represent picornavirus prototypes of high and low virulence, respectively. Picornavirus-255 consistently produced depression, anorexia, and pneumonia. There were no lesions in the upper respiratory tract or conjunctiva, nor were there clinical signs of upper respiratory disease. The pulmonary lesions began as multifocal exudative pneumonia that progressed rapidly to interstitial pneumonia characterized by marked adenomatoid proliferation of pneumocytes. Three weeks after exposure the pulmonary lesions were principally resolved. It also produced discrete lingual and palatine ulcers that were easily detected. Experimental infection with kidney-cell-degenerating virus resulted only in transient fever and tiny vesicles and ulcerations of the lingual and tonsillar mucosae that could easily escape detection. No significant respiratory lesions were induced by kidney cell degenerating virus.

PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF A MIXED COXSACKIE VIRUS B3 AND B4 OUTBREAK OF UPPER RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN A CHILDREN'S HOME

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-752
Author(s):  
John C. Hierholzer ◽  
Steven R. Mostow ◽  
Walter R. Dowdle
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Coxsackie Virus ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Persistent Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory

In the late summer of 1968 an outbreak of moderately severe upper respiratory illness occurred among the 120 children living in a children's home. Coxsackie viruses B3 and B4 were isolated from throat swabs and eye swabs of 21 children who were clinically ill. Neutralization tests were performed on serum specimens collected from each child before, during, and after the outbreak. Fifty-two percent of the children in the home experienced an infection with B3 or B4, 10% were sequentially infected with both types, and 38% remained uninfected. Coxsackie B3 accounted for 57% of all infections, and B4, for 43%. Infection was clearly related to age, and to preexisting antibody. Preexisting B3 and B4 serum neutralizing antibody levels of 1:20 and greater were fully protective against reinfection by the respective virus type. These viruses caused a wide spectrum of symptoms and physical findings which ranged from inapparent infections to aseptic meningitis. Conjunctivitis, exudative tonsillopharyngitis, otitis, and enanthem, were more frequently associated with B3 than B4, and aseptic meningitis was more frequently associated with B4 than B3. One child, experiencing a distinctly biphasic pattern of illness, exhibited a delayed antibody response concomitant with persistent virus shedding from the throat for a duration of 57 days. Using figures corrected for the effect of protective preexisting antibody, the reported illness rate for Coxsackie B3 in the total population was 24%, and the unreported illness rate was 21%; the ratio was 1:1. For type B4, the reported rate was 18% and the unreported rate 38%, for a 1:2 reported: unreported ratio.

Intermittent gastroesophageal intussusception in a cat with idiopathic megaesophagus

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
NI Martinez ◽  
W Cook ◽  
GC Troy ◽  
D Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Endoscopic Procedure ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Upper Respiratory

An adult female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for chronic upper respiratory disease and vomiting. A diagnosis of idiopathic megaesophagus with intermittent gastroesophageal intussusception (GEI) was made based on radiographic and endoscopic examinations. The GEI was manually reduced by use of a stomach tube during the endoscopic procedure. An incisional gastropexy was performed to prevent recurrence. Gastroesophageal intussusception is a rare condition in cats. In dogs it is usually associated with rapid progression of clinical signs, culminating in death. In this cat, the condition was associated with chronic signs, probably due to the intermittent nature of the GEI.

129 Genomic Relationship Between PRRSV Wild-type Infection and PRRSV Vaccination for Antibody Response and Reproductive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Leticia P Sanglard ◽  
Felipe Hickmann ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent A Gray ◽  
Daniel Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Large White ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Indicator Trait ◽  
Type Infection

Abstract Immunoglobulin G antibody response, measured as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been proposed as an indicator trait for improved reproductive performance in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and PRRSV-vaccinated crossbred gilts. In this study, we investigated the genetic correlations (rg) of S/P ratio following a PRRSV outbreak and PRRSV-vaccination with performance in non-exposed and PRRSV-exposed sows. PRRSV outbreak phase was defined based on previously described methodologies after the detection of typical clinical signs of PRRSV infection. 541 Landrace sows had S/P ratio measured at ~54 days after the beginning of the PRRSV outbreak (S/Poutbreak), and 906 Landrace x Large White naïve F1 gilts had S/P ratio measured at ~50 days after vaccination with a commercial modified live PRRSV vaccine (S/PVx). 711 and 428 Landrace sows had reproductive performance recorded before and during the PRRSV outbreak, respectively. 811 vaccinated F1 animals had farrowing performance for up to 3 parities. All animals were genotyped for ~28K SNPs. The estimate of rg of S/Poutbreakwith S/PVx was high (rg±SE = 0.72±0.18). Estimates of rg of S/Poutbreak with reproductive performance in F1 sows were low to moderate, ranging from 0.05±0.23 (number stillborn) to 0.30±0.20 (total number born). Estimates of rg of S/PVxwith reproductive performance in non-infected purebred sows were moderate and favorable with number born alive (0.50±0.23), but low (0 to -0.11±0.23) with litter mortality traits. Estimates of rg of S/PVx were moderate and negative (-0.47±0.18) with the number of mummies in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and low with other traits (-0.29±0.18 for total number born to 0.05±0.18 for number stillborn). These results indicate that selection for antibody response following a PRRSV outbreak collected in purebred sows and to PRRSV vaccination collected in commercial crossbred gilts may increase litter size of non-infected and PRRSV-exposed purebred and commercial crossbred sows.

scholarly journals Ibuprofen-Induced Aseptic Meningitis in a Male Adolescent with Intracranial Hypertension and Visual Impairment: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Mirzaei ◽  
Zahra Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Male Adolescent ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) is a rare complication of certain drugs, most commonly reported with ibuprofen use. The present study reports on a male adolescent with intracranial hypertension and visual impairment accompanied by DIAM. We present a 16-year-old male patient who after ibuprofen consumption displayed headache, fever, photophobia, and blurred vision following heavy exercises. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed a mononuclear pleocytosis and an increase in protein concentration. Other examinations had normal results. The development of common clinical signs following ibuprofen use reflected DIAM. The patient’s vision was found to improve with supportive care and stopping of the drug during follow-up. Given the widespread use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the fact that these drugs are the most common cause of DIAM, the probability of occurrence of this event should be always kept in mind, and screening for autoimmune diseases in these patients is of great importance.

scholarly journals Association between clinical respiratory signs, lung lesions detected by thoracic ultrasonography and growth performance in pre‐weaned dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Cuevas-Gómez ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
José María Sánchez ◽  
Edward O’Riordan ◽  
Nicky Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Consolidation ◽  
Severe Lung

Abstract Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of mortality among 1-to-5 month old calves in Ireland, accounting for approximately one-third of deaths. Despite widespread use of clinical respiratory signs for diagnosing BRD, lung lesions are detected, using thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) or following post-mortem, in calves showing no clinical signs. This highlights the limitation of clinical respiratory signs as a method of detecting sub-clinical BRD. Using 53 purchased artificially-reared male dairy calves, the objectives of this study were to: (i) characterise the BRD incidence detected by clinical respiratory signs and/or TUS, (ii) investigate the association between clinical respiratory signs and lung lesions detected by TUS, and (iii) assess the effect of BRD on pre-weaning growth. Results Clinical BRD (based on Wisconsin clinical respiratory score and/or rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC) was detected in 43 % and sonographic changes (lung lesions) were detected in 64 % of calves from purchase (23 (SD; 6.2) days of age) until weaning, 53 days post-arrival. Calves with clinical BRD were treated. Sixty-one per cent calves affected with clinical BRD had lung lesions 10.5 days (median) before detection of clinical signs. Moderate correlations (rsp 0.70; P < 0.05) were found between cough and severe lung lesions on arrival day, and between rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC and lung lesions ≥ 2 cm2 on day 7 (rsp 0.40; P < 0.05) post-arrival. Mean average daily live weight gain (ADG) of calves from purchase to weaning was 0.75 (SD; 0.10) kg; calves with or without clinical BRD did not differ in ADG (P > 0.05), whereas ADG of those with severe lung lesions (lung lobe completely consolidated or pulmonary emphysema) was 0.12 kg/d less (P < 0.05) than calves without lung lesions. Conclusions Thoracic ultrasonography detected lung consolidation in calves that did not show signs of respiratory disease. The presence of severe lung lesions was associated with reduced pre-weaning growth. These findings emphasise the importance of using TUS in addition to clinical respiratory scoring of calves for an early and accurate detection of clinical and sub-clinical BRD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document