BETA-GALACTOSIDASE AND BETA-GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITIES IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-744
Author(s):  
Irena Antonowicz ◽  
Harry Shwachman ◽  
Ishida Sotoo
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Protein Losing Enteropathy ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Beta Galactosidase ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

The activity of two galactosidases (lactase and hetero-β-galactosidase) and β-glucuronidase were studied in per oral duodenal biopsies in 50 infants and children. Ten patients served as controls and 40 had nutritional disorders including celiac disease (acute, and in remission), cystic fibrosis (CF), protein losing enteropathy, and some miscellaneous conditions. The values for the 10 control patients expressed in units/gm protein/minute ± S.D. follows: lactase 38.0 ± 13.4, H-β-gal-ase 1.42 ± 0.35., and β-glucuronidase 1.90 ± 0.45. In the acute stage of celiac disease the lactase values were markedly reduced, the H-β-gal-ase normal or slightly reduced, with normal activity for β-glucuronidase. In clinical remission and while still on a gluten-free diet the activity of lactase remained significantly reduced in seven of nine patients even after 2 to 10 years. The lysosomal enzymes H-β-gal-ase and β-glucuronidase were not strikingly affected in patients with CF although four of six patients showed low values for H-β-galactosidase. β-glucuronidase was not affected in a variety of intestinal disorders including those that severely affect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. In the conditions studied there was no correlation between the activity of the two galactosidases, nor between the two lysosomal enzymes.

scholarly journals Dietary Nanoparticles Interact with Gluten Peptides and Alter the Intestinal Homeostasis Increasing the Risk of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6102
Author(s):  
Clara Mancuso ◽  
Francesca Re ◽  
Ilaria Rivolta ◽  
Luca Elli ◽  
Elisa Gnodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Gluten Peptides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies ◽  
Junction Proteins

The introduction of metallic nanoparticles (mNPs) into the diet is a matter of concern for human health. In particular, their effect on the gastrointestinal tract may potentially lead to the increased passage of gluten peptides and the activation of the immune response. In consequence, dietary mNPs could play a role in the increasing worldwide celiac disease (CeD) incidence. We evaluated the potential synergistic effects that peptic-tryptic-digested gliadin (PT) and the most-used food mNPs may induce on the intestinal mucosa. PT interaction with mNPs and their consequent aggregation was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and UV–Vis spectra. In vitro experiments on Caco-2 cells proved the synergistic cytotoxic effect of PT and mNPs, as well as alterations in the monolayer integrity and tight junction proteins. Exposure of duodenal biopsies to gliadin plus mNPs triggered cytokine production, but only in CeD biopsies. These results suggest that mNPs used in the food sector may alter intestinal homeostasis, thus representing an additional environmental risk factor for the development of CeD.

scholarly journals Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez ◽  
Iva Hoffmanová ◽  
Adéla Szczepanková ◽  
Věra Hábová ◽  
Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.

scholarly journals Magnifying endoscopy of the duodenum with dye scattering method in a case with celiac disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Morishita ◽  
Toshiaki Kamiya ◽  
Hiromasa Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Magnifying Endoscopy ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dye Scattering Method ◽  
Magnifying Endoscope

AIM: To know the more detailed findings of the small intestinal mucosa with the use of a magnifying endoscope and a vital dye, and the efficacy of the both tools. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 54-year old female patient with celiac disease. The duodenal mucosa downward as far as the descending portion was observed with a magnifying endoscope (Olympus GIF HM) before and after spraying the mucosa with 0.1% indigo carmine. RESULTS: The endoscopy clarified the atrophy and edema of each villus, and scattering of the dye revealed shorter villi with the relatively longer villi remaining in islands. CONCLUSION: The combination of magnifying endoscopy and the dye scattering method is useful for closer observation of the intestinal mucosa in celiac diseases.

scholarly journals Descriptive Study of the Different Tools Used to Evaluate the Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rodrigo ◽  
Isabel Pérez-Martinez ◽  
Eugenia Lauret-Braña ◽  
Adolfo Suárez-González
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically conditioned autoimmune process that appears in susceptible people. It can affect people of any age, and slightly predominates in females. It has a fairly homogenous global distribution, with an average prevalence of 1–2%, the frequency having increased in recent decades. The only effective treatment is a strict and permanent gluten-free diet (GFD), although the level of compliance is poor, at about 50% of cases. To monitor the effectiveness of the GFD, several procedures involving various approaches are employed: (a) Periodic visits by expert Nutritionists; (b) Clinical follow-up; (c) Serological time controls of specific antibodies; (d) Serial endoscopies with collection of duodenal biopsies; (e) Use of structured questionnaires; and (f) Determination of gluten peptides derived from gluten in faeces and/or urine. All of these procedures are useful when applied, alone or in combination, depending on the cases. Some patients will only need to consult to their doctors, while others will require a multidisciplinary approach to assess their compliance with the GFD. In children, normalization of duodenal mucosa was achieved in 95% of cases within two years, while it is more delayed in adults, whose mucosa take longer time (3–5 years) to heal completely.

CHRONIC DIARRHEA AND FAILURE TO THRIVE DUE TO INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASE INSUFFICIENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-813
Author(s):  
John T. Clarke ◽  
Warren Quillian ◽  
Harry Shwachman
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
Direct Assay

An infant with chronic diarrhea due to suspected generalized disaccharidase insufficiency is described. The clinical condition of the infant improved following the removal of lactose and sucrose from the diet. The fermentative and acidic stool with free lactose and lactic acid also improved. However, the infant was too ill to undergo direct assay of intestinal mucosal tissue for disaccharidase activity or for challenge with offending sugars. Postmortem tissue assay revealed less than 10% of normal activity for lactase, sucrase, maltase, and isomaltase in the intestinal mucosa.

The Folate Conjugase Activity of the Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
M. Jägerstad ◽  
K. Lindstrand ◽  
Å. Nordén ◽  
A.-K. Westesson ◽  
T. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa

Are Complicated Forms of Celiac Disease Cryptic T-Cell Lymphomas?

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 3879-3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Carbonnel ◽  
Laurence Grollet-Bioul ◽  
Jean Claude Brouet ◽  
Marie Françoise Teilhac ◽  
Jacques Cosnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

Abstract We assessed the clonality of duodenal mucosal T cells in patients with celiac disease and controls. Fifteen adult patients were studied. Four patients had a complicated celiac disease, 3 did not respond to a gluten-free diet, and 2 had an ulcerative jejunitis (including 1 patient with nonresponsive celiac disease). Seven patients had an untreated celiac disease responsive to a gluten-free diet. Histological examination of duodenal biopsies of these 11 patients showed benign-appearing celiac disease without evidence of lymphoma. Four patients with nonulcer dyspepsia and normal duodenal biopsies served as controls. TCRγ gene rearrangements were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from duodenal biopsies. Major clonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor were found in 4 cases, all with complicated celiac disease. Monoclonality was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the junctional region in 3 cases and by hybridization with clone-specific oligoprobes. Patients with celiac disease responsive to gluten-free diet had mainly a polyclonal pattern, with 1 of them having an oligoclonal rearrangement. An oligoclonal pattern was also observed in 2 control patients. Three patients with complicated celiac disease evolved to T-cell lymphoma with liver (n = 2) or bone marrow (n = 1) invasion. Identical clones were found in the enteropathic duodenojejunum and peripheral blood in the patient with large-cell lymphoma with bone marrow invasion. This study suggests that complicated celiac disease is a cryptic T-cell lymphoma.

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