CHRONIC DIARRHEA AND FAILURE TO THRIVE DUE TO INTESTINAL DISACCHARIDASE INSUFFICIENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-813
Author(s):  
John T. Clarke ◽  
Warren Quillian ◽  
Harry Shwachman
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
Direct Assay

An infant with chronic diarrhea due to suspected generalized disaccharidase insufficiency is described. The clinical condition of the infant improved following the removal of lactose and sucrose from the diet. The fermentative and acidic stool with free lactose and lactic acid also improved. However, the infant was too ill to undergo direct assay of intestinal mucosal tissue for disaccharidase activity or for challenge with offending sugars. Postmortem tissue assay revealed less than 10% of normal activity for lactase, sucrase, maltase, and isomaltase in the intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals Morphology and disaccharidase activity of small intes- tinal mucosa in post-weaning-induced malnourished rats and after realimentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Rustadi Sosrosumihardjo ◽  
Agus Firmansyah ◽  
Asri Rasad ◽  
Daldiyono Harjodisastro ◽  
Endi Ridwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Post Test

Background The most common cause of failure to thrive in in-fants is malnutrition which causes histological and biochemicalchanges of small intestine. Studies on histology and enzyme ac-tivity of small intestinal mucosa were not much developed.Objective To study about histology and disaccharidases activity ofsmall intestinal mucosa in post-weaning-induced malnourished rats.Methods We used Sprague-Dawley white rats as the subjects ofthis study with post test-control group design. The study was per-formed at the CentER for Research of Food and Nutrition Devel-opment from April 2003 to December 2004.Results There were a decrease of body weight (hypotrophy nor-moblastic) and an increase of disaccharidase activity of small in-testinal mucosa in post-weaning-induced malnourished rats. Afterrealimentation, there were an increase of body weight, an improve-ment of the hypotrophy, and a decrease of the enzyme but theystill cannot reach normal condition.Conclusion In malnourished rats, there are decrease of bodyweight hypotrophy normoblastic and increase of disaccharidasesactivity of intestinal mucosa that are improved after realimentation

BETA-GALACTOSIDASE AND BETA-GLUCURONIDASE ACTIVITIES IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-744
Author(s):  
Irena Antonowicz ◽  
Harry Shwachman ◽  
Ishida Sotoo
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Protein Losing Enteropathy ◽  
Per Oral ◽  
Beta Galactosidase ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

The activity of two galactosidases (lactase and hetero-β-galactosidase) and β-glucuronidase were studied in per oral duodenal biopsies in 50 infants and children. Ten patients served as controls and 40 had nutritional disorders including celiac disease (acute, and in remission), cystic fibrosis (CF), protein losing enteropathy, and some miscellaneous conditions. The values for the 10 control patients expressed in units/gm protein/minute ± S.D. follows: lactase 38.0 ± 13.4, H-β-gal-ase 1.42 ± 0.35., and β-glucuronidase 1.90 ± 0.45. In the acute stage of celiac disease the lactase values were markedly reduced, the H-β-gal-ase normal or slightly reduced, with normal activity for β-glucuronidase. In clinical remission and while still on a gluten-free diet the activity of lactase remained significantly reduced in seven of nine patients even after 2 to 10 years. The lysosomal enzymes H-β-gal-ase and β-glucuronidase were not strikingly affected in patients with CF although four of six patients showed low values for H-β-galactosidase. β-glucuronidase was not affected in a variety of intestinal disorders including those that severely affect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. In the conditions studied there was no correlation between the activity of the two galactosidases, nor between the two lysosomal enzymes.

scholarly journals A Case of Persistent Diarrhea in a Man with the Molecular Detection of Various Campylobacter species and the First Isolation of candidatus Campylobacter infans

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Jacky Flipse ◽  
Birgitta Duim ◽  
Janny A. Wallinga ◽  
Laetitia R. H. de Wijkerslooth ◽  
Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Persistent Diarrhea ◽  
Colon Biopsy ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Campylobacter Species

A man with a well-controlled HIV infection, previously diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum and treated for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, was suffering from chronic diarrhea. He travelled to Indonesia in the month prior to the start of complaints. Over a 15-month period, sequences related to Campylobactertroglodytis/upsaliensis, C. pinnepediorum/mucosalis/concisus and C. hominis were detected by 16S rRNA qPCR-based assays in various stool samples and in a colon biopsy. Culture revealed the first isolation of “candidatus Campylobacter infans”, a species identified recently by molecular methods only. The patient was treated with azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. To identify potential continuous exposure of the patient to Campylobacter, stool samples of the partner and the cat of the patient were analyzed and C. pinnepediorum/mucosalis/concisus and C. helveticus, respectively, were detected. The diversity in detected species in this immunocompromised patient with a lack of repeatedly consistent findings resulted in the conclusion that not any of the Campylobacter species was the primary cause of the clinical condition. This study shows the challenges in detection and interpretation of diagnostic results regarding Campylobacter.

Visual Diagnosis: Chronic Diarrhea and Failure to Thrive in a 5-Year-Old Girl

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. e29-e31
Author(s):  
M. Hasosah ◽  
M. Satti ◽  
A. Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Visual Diagnosis

Potential probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the intestinal mucosa of healthy piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Feng ◽  
Lin Qiao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Hongming Yao ◽  
Changbin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Probiotic Properties

Case Series of Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy from Southern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vykuntaraju K. Gowda ◽  
Varunvenkat M. Srinivasan ◽  
Kapil Jetha ◽  
Kiruthiga Sugumar ◽  
Meenakshi Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy ◽  
Ethylmalonic Acid ◽  
The Brain

AbstractEthylmalonic encephalopathy is a rare neurometabolic disorder with central nervous system involvement and vasculopathy. It is presented in infancy with developmental delay, acrocyanosis, petechiae, chronic diarrhea, and early death. This was a retrospective study of confirmed cases of ethylmalonic aciduria from a tertiary care hospital over a period of 5 years from January 2015 to December 2020. Case details including analysis of clinical history, investigations, and outcomes are presented. Of six cases, male-to-female ratio was 4:2. Mean age of presentation was 35.5 months (range: 14–83 months). Consanguinity, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, skin rashes, microcephaly, hypotonia, and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes were observed in all cases. Chronic diarrhea was presented in five cases. The serum levels of C4 carnitine and urinary levels of ethylmalonic acid were increased in all cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed heterogenous bilateral symmetrical changes in the basal ganglia in five cases, and in one case, MRI could not be done. Genetic testing in two cases showed a homozygous variant in ETHE1 gene. Four children died, while the other two cases showed a decreased in recurrent encephalopathies and diarrhea after starting metronidazole. All children had global developmental delay, failure to thrive, skin rashes, central hypotonia, increased C4 carnitine levels in the serum, and increased ethylmalonic acid in the urine. Chronic diarrhea, acrocyanosis, and basal ganglia change in the MRI of the brain also give important clues for diagnosis. Metronidazole is useful in preventing recurrent episodes of encephalopathy.

scholarly journals Role of the intestinal mucosa in acute gastrointestinal GVHD

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (20) ◽  
pp. 2395-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan U. Peled ◽  
Alan M. Hanash ◽  
Robert R. Jenq
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Novel Approaches

Abstract Intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant obstacle to the success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The intestinal mucosa comprises the inner lining of the intestinal tract and maintains close proximity with commensal microbes that reside within the intestinal lumen. Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of the interactions between the intestinal mucosa and the enteric microbiota. Changes in host mucosal tissue and commensals posttransplant have been actively investigated, and provocative insights into mucosal immunity and the enteric microbiota are now being translated into clinical trials of novel approaches for preventing and treating acute GVHD. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to aspects of the intestinal mucosa during acute GVHD.

Chronic Diarrhea and Failure to Thrive in an Infant with Campylobacter jejuni

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Pignata ◽  
Stefano Guandalini ◽  
Alfredo Guarino ◽  
Basilio De Vizia ◽  
Guglielmo Capano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Failure To Thrive
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