SUCCESSFUL USE OF ELECTRIC SHOCK IN A LIFELESS CHILD AS REPORTED IN 1774

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-853
Author(s):  
T. E. C.

The report given below, published in 1774, is the first, to my knowledge, about the use of electrotherapy for children. ELECTRICITY RESTORED VITALITY One part of our benevolent design is to manifest the possibility of recovery in the various instances of sudden death, where the vital powers are suspended, without any essential injury to the frame. This extraordinary relation of resuscitation also manifests the admirable powers of the electrical shock; which we would earnestly recommend in all cases of suspended animation. Sophia Greenhill, on Thursday last, fell out of a one-pair-of-stairs window, and was taken up by a man to all appearance dead. The SURGEONS at the Middlesex Hoapital, and an APOTHECARY, declared that nothing could be done for the child.—Mr. Squires, tried the effects of electricity.—Twenty minutes elapsed before he could apply the shock, which he gave to various parts of the body in vain;—but upon transmitting a few shocks through the THORAX, he perceived a small pulsation; in a few minutes the child began to breathe with great difficulty, and after some time she vomited.—A kind of stupor, occasioned by the depression of the cranium, remained for several days, but, by the proper means, being used, her health was restored.1

Author(s):  
Indrajit Sanjiv Yadav

The electric current has always been a source of danger to man. The use of electricity in the home, office and factory has increased to such a tremendous extent that energized wires now form dangerous network at every turn.  An electric shock occurs when a person comes in to contact with an           electrical energy source. An electrical energy flows through a portion of the body causing a shock. Exposure to electrical energy may result in no injury at all or may result in devastating damage or death. In the present study compilation of electric current and its medicolegal aspects.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Stone ◽  
Mara Karamitopoulos ◽  
David Edelstein ◽  
Jenifer Hashem ◽  
James Tucci

Background. Fracture resulting from household electric shock is uncommon. When it occurs, it is usually the result of a fall; however, electricity itself can cause sufficient tetany to produce a fracture. We present the case of bilateral fractures of the distal radii of a 12-year-old boy which were sustained after accidental shock. The literature regarding fractures after domestic electric shock is also reviewed.Methods. An Ovid-Medline search was conducted. The resultant articles and their bibliographies were surveyed for cases describing fractures resulting from a typical household-level voltage (110–220 V, 50–60 Hertz) and not a fall after the shock. Twenty-one articles describing 22 patients were identified.Results. Twenty-two cases were identified. Thirteen were unilateral injuries; 9 were bilateral. Proximal humerus fractures were most frequent (8 cases), followed by scapula fractures (7 cases), forearm fractures (4 cases), femoral neck fractures (2 cases), and vertebral body fracture (1 case). Eight of the 22 cases were diagnosed days to weeks after the injury.Conclusions. Fracture after electric shock is uncommon. It should be suspected in patients with persistent pain, particularly in the shoulder or forearm area. Distal radius fractures that occur during electrocution are likely due to tetany.


Slovo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol How to think of literary... (Varia) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel DEMADRE

International audience Even in Putëm zerna [Grain’s Way] (where in moments of mystical fullness the world appears transfigured), Khodasevich’s poetic work is dominated by a dualistic worldview, which ultimately relates to the mystical idealism of the Russian Symbolists inspired by Vladimir Solovyov. Such an attitude to the world is realized first of all in the dualism Body (“Me”) / Soul (Spirit), where the body is perceived as an “envelope”, from which the soul can get free only with great difficulty. In Tjažëlaja lira [The Heavy Lyre], the dualism “Me” (Body) / Soul grows up, and the poet’s mystical aspiration turns into painful effort towards the attainment of transcendence. The physical intensity of this effort is so strong that it becomes practically pathological. Since the body symbolises the imprisonment in the world that the poet rejects, the interior dichotomy Body/Soul exacerbates with the poet’s perception of the dualism earthly World/another World. The “inert” material that is transcended by the poet‑«Orpheus» in «Ballada», the final poem of Tjažëlaja lira, gives place in Evropejskaja noč’ [European Night] to the world that is crashed by materiality, while the expressionist vision of the “German cycle” is dominated by violence and a degrading sexuality. The rejection of Body and the disgust for Flesh is contrasted in Khodasevich’s poetic work with the image of a foetus and its life in the mother’s womb. The poet associates this image with the “native, original world” of the Soul and the original Life. This image is not very stable, but it is radically positive. Such a sacralization of the image of a foetus and Motherhood can be correlated with the image of the Virgin, who embodies for Khodasevich the fusion of earthly and divine. Même dans Putëm zerna (où en des moments de plénitude mystique, le monde apparaît transfiguré), l’œuvre poétique de Khodassevitch est dominée par une vision du monde dualiste, qui s’inscrit dans l’idéalisme mystique symboliste « soloviévien ». Ce rapport au monde se cristallise d’abord dans le dualisme corps (« moi »)/âme (esprit), où le corps du poète est perçu comme une « enveloppe », dont l’âme ne parvient à se libérer que difficilement. Dans Tjažëlaja lira, le dualisme « moi » (corps)/âme s’accentue, et l’aspiration mystique du poète se réduit de plus en plus à un douloureux effort de transcendance, d’une intensité physique, proprement pathologique. Le corps étant la concrétisation de l’enfermement dans un monde que le poète rejette, la dichotomie intérieure corps/âme s’intensifie à mesure que s’exacerbe la perception du dualisme monde/au delà. La matière « inerte » que le poète « Orphée » transcendait dans la «Ballada» finale de Tjažëlaja lira, fait ainsi place, dans Evropejskaja noč’, à un univers écrasé par la matérialité et dominé, dans la vision expressionniste du « cycle allemand », par la violence et une sexualité dégradante. À ce rejet du corps et cette répulsion pour la chair s’oppose, dans l’univers khodassévitchien, une image corporelle, plus fugace, mais radicalement positive, celle de la vie utérine et du fœtus dans le sein maternel, que le poète associe au « monde natal, originel » de l’âme et à la Vie élémentaire. Cette sacralisation de l’image du fœtus et de la maternité peut être mise en corrélation avec la figure de la Vierge, mère par excellence et incarnation, pour le poète, de la fusion du terrestre et du divin. Дуалистическое мировоззрение, свойственное символистскому мистическому идеализму, навеянному Владимиром Соловьёвым, превалирует в поэзии Ходасевича. Оно присутствует и в cборнике «Путём зерна», где в моменты мистической полноты мир представляется преображенным. Такое отношение к миру в первую очередь выражается в дуализме «тело («я») / душа (дух)», где тело воспринимается как «оболочка», от которой душа может освободиться лишь с трудом. В «Тяжёлой лире» дуализм «“Я” (тело) / душа» усугубляется. Мистический порыв поэта всё больше превращается в болезненное стремление к трансцендентности. Физическая интенсивность этого стремления настолько велика, что доходит практически до патологии. Поскольку телесная оболочка воплощает заключение в отвергаемый поэтом мир, внутренняя дихотомия «тело / душа» усиливается по мере того, как обостряется восприятие поэтом дуализма «мир земной / мир иной». «Косная» материя, трансцендируемая поэтом‑«Орфеем» в «Балладе», заключительном стихотворении «Тяжёлой лиры», уступает место миру, полностью задавленному вещами, в «Европейской ночи». В экспрессионистском же вúдении немецкого цикла доминируют физическое насилие и унижающая сексуальность. Отторжению тела и отвращению к плоти противопоставлен в творчестве Ходасевича образ тела, не столь устойчивый, но совершенно положительный. Речь идет о зарождающейся жизни в материнской утробе, ассоциируемой поэтом с «родным, первоначальным миром» души и первозданной Жизнью. Такая сакрализация утробной жизни и материнства может быть соотнесена с образом Богородицы, воплощающей у Ходасевича слияние земного с божественным.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintarė Lukočiūtė ◽  
Karolina Ginčienė ◽  
Sigitas Chmieliauskas ◽  
Sigitas Laima ◽  
Jurgita Stasiūnienė ◽  
...  

Introduction:  Hyperglycemia is a consequence of uncontrolled diabetes and over a long period of time can lead to serious violations of the various systems of the body. In daily clinical practice, glucose level in blood and glycated hemoglobin are major and frequently used worldwide laboratory findings for the diagnosis of glucose metabolism disorders. In forensic medicine, the diagnostic value of post-mortem blood glucose levels is questionable because of its significant and rapid variation after death. Our research was aimed to analyse glucose concentration in blood after death and to estimate its diagnostic value. Methods: Data analysis of the State Forensic Medicine Service (SFMS) of Vilnius region of sudden death cases was performed. 238 autopsy findings were analysed. A retrospective analysis was performed using the R commander program. Results: The analysis included 238 individuals, 161 (67.6%) were men and 77 (32.4%) women. Mean age was 52.28 ± 15.45 yeras. Mean  alcohol level in blood was 2.257 ± 1.482 g/L. Mean post-mortem glucose concentration in blood was 6.716 ± 5.800 mmol/l. The lowest glucose concentration was 0.600 mmol/l and the highest - 33.300 mmol/l. There were no significant glycemia level difference between men and women (p = 0.279). In 6 cases, glucose concentrations were compared before and after death. The difference in blood glucose was insignificant (p = 0.90). There was no strong correlation between ethyl alcohol and glucose concentration (r = 0.037, p = 0.667). There was a weak correlation between age and blood glucose concentration (r = 0.03, p = 0.639). Conclusions: According to SFMS autopsy data, post-mortem glucose levels remain within the normal values. Evaluation of glucose after death remains a valuable diagnostic criterion for sudden death due to hyperglycaemia, when the hyperglycaemic episode is first and fatal to the subject.


2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Scott

Restricted lighting is used commercially to regulate early growth and limit losses associated with sudden death syndrome (SDS), ascites and leg problems. Standard lighting programs may not be suited for broilers marketed at 35 d of age, and promote injury (scratching, i.e., cellulitis) by creating peak feeding periods. This study evaluates four lighting programs, three phases of mash or crumble starter feeding and two diet densities on performance and mortality of broilers marketed at 35 d of age. Two trials each utilized 7200 male broiler (Cobb × Cobb) chicks randomly housed in six (2.75 × 4.90 m) floor pens in each of eight rearing rooms. Four lighting programs were replicated in each trial and consisted of: (a) 23C (23L:1D 0–35 d); (b) 16C (23L:1D 0–3 d, 16L:8D 4–35 d); (c) DDI (delayed decreasing increasing) (23L:1D 0–3 d; 20L:4D 4–6 d, 16L:8D 7–10 d; 8L:16D 11–15 d; 12L:12D 16–20 d; 16L:8 D 21–28 d; and 20L:4 D 29–35 d); and (d) IL (intermittent lighting, provided in four cycles of 6 h d-1 the same total daily hours of light as the DDI program). Two diet densities were applied for the starter and grower diets; high (ME 3170/3200 kcal; CP 251/210 g) or low (ME 3100/3060 kcal; CP 235/195 g kg-1 starter/grower diet, respectively). The two starter types were fed as combinations of mash (M) or crumble (C): (1) M 0–12 d followed by C 12–21 d; (2) C 0–12 d followed by M 12–21 d; and 3) C 0–21 d. The respective grower/finisher density diets were fed in a pelleted form. By 35 d of age the body weight (BW) of broilers maintained under the DDI lighting program was significantly lower than BW of broilers held under the other lighting programs (16Ca > ILab > 23Cb). Overall (0–35 d) feed conversion (corrected for mortality, but not market weight at 35 d) was highest for broilers reared under the 23Ca > ILab > DDIb > 16Cc lighting programs, respectively. SDS (%) mortality was highest for IL (1.68a) = 23C (1.53a) ≥ 16C (1.02ab) ≥ DDI (0.80b) lighting programs. There were no significant differences in 35 d BW or feed conversion of broilers fed mash or crumble starter. Feeding mash diets did lower 21 d BW, but this decrease in early growth did not significantly reduce overall mortality. Broilers fed the low as compared to the high density diets weighed less at 21 d, but weighed significantly more at 35 d, and had a higher (P < 0.05) 0–35 d feed conversion. Low as compared to high density diets did reduce SDS mortality significantly (0.72 vs. 1.81%, respectively). Lighting programs that do provide variable extended dark periods will alleviate broiler mortality as compared to constant (23 or 16 h) or intermittent lighting programs. However, these broilers had a significantly lower body weight when marketed at 35 or less days of age. Key words: Lighting, broilers, mash, diet density, sudden death, ascites


2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 2567-2579
Author(s):  
José M. Araújo Júnior ◽  
Leandro L.S. Linhares ◽  
Fábio M.U. Araújo ◽  
Otacílio M. Almeida

Newborns with health complications have great difficulty in regulating the body temperature due to distinct factors, which include the high metabolism rate and low weight. In this context, neonatal incubators help maintaining good health conditions because they provide a thermally-neutral environment, which is adequate to ensure the least energy expenditure by the newborn. In the last decades, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been established as one of the main tools for the identification of nonlinear systems. Among the various approaches used in the identification process, the fuzzy wavelet neural network (FWNN) can be regarded as a prominent technique, consisting of the combination of wavelet neural network (WNN) and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). This work proposes the use of FWNN to infer the temperature and humidity values inside the incubator in order to certify the equipment operation. Results obtained with the analyzed neural system have shown the generalization and inference capacities of FWNNs, thus allowing their application to practical tasks aiming to increase the efficiency of incubators.


1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Hernandez ◽  
Shirley L. Buchanan ◽  
D. A. Powell

A procedure for assessing objectively unconditioned responses to paraorbital electrical shock is described. Using the method of constant stimuli human observers can reliably detect “eye twitch”, “eyeblink”, and “jump” responses when a brief unsignalled paraorbital shock is presented.


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