Exercise-Induced Bronchial Lability in Wheezy Children and Their Families

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (5s) ◽  
pp. 851-855
Author(s):  
Simon Godfrey ◽  
Peter König
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Very High ◽  
Similar Incidence

Studies have been carried out to investigate bronchial lability as assessed by means of standardized running exercise tests. It was found that children who had been wheezy as infants still had an abnormal degree of bronchial lability, even if they were asymptomatic, and closely resembled children who had continued to wheeze. The relatives of asthmatic children displayed a high incidence of bronchial lability. atopic diseases, and positive skin tests, and a similar incidence was found in the relatives of babies with wheezy bronchitis. The difference from a control population was particularly noticeable in the healthy relatives of wheezy children. Studies in monozygotic and dizygotic twins have shown a very high incidence of concordance for asthma, particularly when bronchial lability is taken into account. These studies suggest a common genetic basis for wheezing in childhood, based on the inheritance of bronchial lability. The difference in response of the actively asthmatic subject from that of other labile subjects suggests that additional environmental factors are necessary to interact with the inherited bronchial lability.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL AND CHILDREN'S SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN E (IgE) AND ASTHMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Galant
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the Study. To examine parental factors that influence bronchial asthma and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in their children. Methods. The data in this study were derived from the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways Obstructive Diseases since 1972. Eleven evaluation periods have been performed since that time. Asthma histories were established by questionnaire. IgE levels were obtained in 738 children, 1043 fathers, and 1261 mothers. IgE levels were determined by paper radioimmunosorbent (PRIST) technique. IgE Z scores were established. An IgE Z score is the number of standard deviations IgE differs from matched age and sex-matched subjects and log corrected. Skin tests were performed by prick technique to house dust, mold, grass, tree and weed mix and appropriate controls. Results. The percentage of children with bronchial asthma increased with the presence of asthma in parents so that 11.5% of children with asthma occurred in families with no parental asthma compared with 48.6% when both parents had asthma. The rate of childhood bronchial asthma was significantly related to parental IgE levels only when the mother and father had bronchial asthma (43% vs 20%) and much less so (22% vs 10%), when there was no parental asthma. In addition, asthma in the child proved to be a highly significant determinant of the child's IgE Z score, even after correcting for parental IgE Z score. The presence of atopy (ie, positive skin tests) was also not a significant determinant of IgE levels in asthmatic children. Discussion. The authors conclude that the inheritance of IgE is only one factor related to the development of asthma, and is limited as a predictor.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic study of bronchopulmonary mycosis in the province of cordoba, argentina

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana T. Masih ◽  
Blanca E. marticorena ◽  
Noemi Borletto ◽  
Camilo Farías ◽  
Ricardo Negroni
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

An epidemiological study for histoplasmosis coccidioidomycosis and cryptococcosis made in five areas of the province of Córdoba is presented. The data obtained showed a global positivity of 41.1% for histoplasmin 26.7% for coccidioidin and 14.1% for cryptococcin. In some areas, the Rio III basin and Traslasierra, the histoplasmosis infection indexes were much higher, 53,3% and 73.1% respectively. The index of positive skin tests with Cryptococcus antigen in Traslasierra was also very high: 31.9%.

Comparative Assessment of Platinum Salts and Taxane Group Hypersensitivity Reactions, The Role of Skin Tests in Diagnosis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110500
Author(s):  
Kadriye Terzioğlu ◽  
Murat Ayhan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Suspect Drug ◽  
Platinum Salts ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Very High

Purpose We aimed to investigate the role of skin tests (ST) in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) with platinum salts (PS) and taxane (TX) groups drugs and their reliability in patient management. Materials and Method Patients' data who developed immediate HSR with PS and TX were recorded and ST was performed. The gradual challenge was applied to all patients with ST negative and grade 1–2 with the suspect drug. Results In total, the data of 104 patients (74 with PS, 30 with TX) who developed HSR against PS and TX were shared. The gradual challenge was applied to 72 ST negative and grade 1–2 patients (46 PS group, 26 TX group). The gradual challenge was negative in 39 patients in the PS group and 23 patients in the Tx group. The negative predictive value (NPV) for PS was 83% and NPV for TX was 88%. We found significantly higher skin test positivity in patients with PS and TX and grade 3 HSR ( p = 0.007, p = 0.001). A significant correlation was found between skin test positivity and early onset of symptoms ( p = 0.001 for PS, p = 0.015 for TX). In terms of symptoms witnessed in HSR, we observed the itching, urticaria, hypotension, syncope, and abdominal pain symptoms significantly more in the group with a positive skin test ( p < 0.024, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.002, and p < 0.025, respectively). Conclusions We found very high NPV values for PS and TX. We found that the gradual challenge applied to patients with negative skin tests is reliable if Grade 3 HSR is not observed and with this approach, unnecessary desensitization processes and/or drug alterations can be avoided.

scholarly journals Predicted Aerobic Capacity of Asthmatic Children: A Research Study from Clinical Origin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Lochte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Observation Times

Objective. To compare longitudinally PAC of asthmatic children against that of healthy controls during ten months.Methods. Twenty-eight asthmatic children aged 7–15 years and 27 matched controls each performed six submaximal exercise tests on treadmill, which included a test of EIA (exercise-induced asthma). Predicted aerobic capacity (mLO2/min/kg) was calculated. Spirometry and development were measured. Physical activity, medication, and “ever asthma/current asthma” were reported by questionnaire.Results. Predicted aerobic capacity of asthmatics was lower than that of controls (P=0.0015) across observation times and for both groups an important increase in predicted aerobic capacity according to time was observed (P<0.001). FEV1of the asthmatic children was within normal range. The majority (86%) of the asthmatics reported pulmonary symptoms to accompany their physical activity. Physical activity (hours per week) showed important effects for the variation in predicted aerobic capacity at baseline (F=2.28,P=0.061) and at the T4 observation (F=3.03,P=0.027) and the analyses showed important asthma/control group effects at baseline, month four, and month ten. Physical activity of the asthmatics correlated positively with predicted aerobic capacity.Conclusion. The asthmatic children had consistently low PAC when observed across time. Physical activity was positively associated with PAC in the asthmatics.

Effects of acute passive smoking on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Magnussen ◽  
B. Lehnigk ◽  
M. Oldigs ◽  
R. Jorres
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Rest And Exercise

This study was designed to investigate the acute effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in children with mild asthma during rest and exercise. We studied 13 children [8 males, 5 females; mean age 10 (range 8–13) yr; mean forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) 93% (range 82–108%) of predicted] with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction [46 +/- 4% (SE) fall in FEV1 after exercise during cold air breathing]. Children were exposed to ETS (20 ppm carbon monoxide) or ambient air (AA) for 1 h. During the first 54 min of exposure, children were at rest, and during the last 6 min they exercised on a bicycle ergometer (2 W/kg body wt). Spirometry was performed before and during exposure and after exercise. Respiratory symptoms were recorded before and after exposures. In seven children the experiments with AA and ETS were done in duplicate. FEV1 between 5 and 54 min of exposure at rest decreased by 3.2 +/- 0.8% (SE) during AA and by 7.2 +/- 2.3% during ETS exposure compared with preexposure values; the difference between AA and ETS was statistically significant (P = 0.04). The drop in FEV1 was achieved within 5 min and did not change with ongoing exposure. Analysis of individual data revealed that the mean changes during ETS were mainly effected by three children with a significant fall and one child with a significant improvement in FEV1 (P < 0.05). Maximum postexercise fall of FEV1 was 25 +/- 4% after AA and 24 +/- 3% after ETS, which did not differ significantly. Upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms were not significantly different between exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

SKIN REACTIONS TO TOXOPLASMIC ANTIGEN IN PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES WITHOUT KNOWN HISTORY OF INFECTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-804
Author(s):  
HARRY A. FELDMAN ◽  
ALBERT B. SABIN
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection

One hundred forty-two residents of the Cincinnati area ranging in age from 3 months to 81 years were surveyed for their reaction to the intracutaneous injection of toxoplasmic antigen prepared from infected chorioallantoic membranes of chicken eggs. The skin test antigen is also present in abundance in mouse peritoneal exudate freed of Toxoplasma by centrifugation and its concentration appears to be proportional to that of the complement-fixing antigen. The positive reactions, consisting of red, indurated, swollen, tender and itching lesions ranging in size, from 60 x 50 mm. to 10 x 10 mm. (the latter being relatively rare), reach their maximum in 30 to 48 hours. The incidence of positive reactions among at least 20 individuals in each age group listed was as follows: 0 to 4 years—0; 5 to 9 years—5%; 10 to 19 years—14%; 20 to 29 years—20%; 30 to 39 years—50%; 40 to 49 years—65%; 50 to 81 years—65%. A positive skin test was invariably associated with demonstrable toxoplasmic antibody in the serum. Toxoplasmic antibody in varying titer was also found in the serum of 7 of 18 persons (39%) with negative skin tests. Further evidence in favor of the high incidence of toxoplasmic antibody among the "normal" adult population was obtained when a 15 to 20 fold concentrated, commercial preparation of gamma globulin prepared from the plasma of more than 20,000 American adults was found to contain toxoplasmic antibody in a titer of 1:256 as determined by the dye test. Since no agent having an antigen in common with Toxoplasma and capable of giving rise to antibodies for this protozoon parasite has been found thus far, one must consider the possibility that inapparent infection with Toxoplasma may be widespread, although it is rather curious that the incidence of antibodies (and presumably infection) should rise so sharply after the 20th year of life. The toxoplasmic skin test is not useful for diagnosis because a strongly positive test bears no relationship to titer of antibody and a negative test is encountered too often in the presence of antibody.

The metachor as a characteristic of the association of electrolytes in aqueous solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeleda ◽  
Stanislav Škramovský
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Suitable Characteristic ◽  
Association Of Ions ◽  
Very High

Based on the earlier paper introducing a concept of the apparent parachor of a solute in the solution, we have eliminated in the present work algebraically the effect which is introduced into this quantity by the additivity of the apparent molal volumes. The difference remaining from the apparent parachor after substracting the contribution corresponding to the apparent volume ( for which the present authors suggest the name metachor) was evaluated from the experimental values of the surface tension of aqueous solutions for a set of 1,1-, 1,2- and 2,1-valent electrolytes. This difference showed to be independent of concentration up to the very high values of the order of units mol dm-3 but it was directly proportional to the number of the free charges (with a proportionality factor 5 ± 1 cm3 mol-1 identical for all studied electrolytes). The metachor can be, for this reason, a suitable characteristic for detection of the association of ions and formation of complexes in the solutions of electrolytes, up to high concentrations where other methods are failing.

scholarly journals Immediate rehabilitation with feeding appliance of a three day old neonate with cleft lip and palate- a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
Deepika Kapoor ◽  
Deepanshu Garg
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Very High

Orofacial clefts (OFC) are one of the most common congenital problems seen with a very high incidence. It imparts a negative effect on the overall health of the child by hindering in his feeding practices, normal facial growth, development of dentition and hence speech. Infants born with orofacial clefts have oronasal communication which creates a problem with the creation of negative pressure inside the oral cavity required for suckling.The treatment for such patients is with the multidisciplinary approach but the preliminary  concern for the neonate is to help with the feeding for which a feeding appliance is given. This case report presents a case of a 3-day old infant to whom a feeding appliance was given to aid in suckling. 

Quality-of-Life Measurement in Advanced Cancer: Assessing the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3603-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dympna Waldron ◽  
Ciaran A. O'Boyle ◽  
Michael Kearney ◽  
Michael Moriarty ◽  
Desmond Carney
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Life Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

PURPOSE: Despite the increasing importance of assessing quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced cancer, relatively little is known about individual patient's perceptions of the issues contributing to their QoL. The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) and the shorter SEIQoL–Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) assess individualized QoL using a semistructured interview technique. Here we report findings from the first administration of the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW to patients with advanced incurable cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: QoL was assessed on a single occasion using the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW in 80 patients with advanced incurable cancer. RESULTS: All patients were able to complete the SEIQoL-DW, and 78% completed the SEIQoL. Of a possible score of 100, the median QoL global score was as follows: SEIQoL, 61 (range, 24 to 94); SEIQoL-DW, 60.5 (range, 6 to 95). Psychometric data for SEIQoL indicated very high levels of internal consistency (median r = .90) and internal validity (median R2 = 0.88). Patients' judgments of their QoL were unique to the individual. Family concerns were almost universally rated as more important than health, the difference being significant when measured using the SEIQoL-DW (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced incurable cancer were very good judges of their QoL, and many patients rated their QoL as good. Judgments were highly individual, with very high levels of consistency and validity. The primacy given to health in many QoL questionnaires may be questioned in this population. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to clinical assessment and advance directives.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic Structure of White Oaks Throughout the European Continent

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 1475-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dumolin-Lapègue ◽  
B Demesure ◽  
S Fineschi ◽  
V Le Come ◽  
R J Petit
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
White Oak ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mantel’S Test ◽  
Very High

Patterns of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variation were studied in eight white oak species by sampling 345 populations throughout Europe. The detection of polymorphisms by restriction analysis of PCR-amplified cpDNA fragments allowed the identification of 23 haplotypes that were phylogenetically ordered. A systematic hybridization and introgression between the eight species studied is evident. The levels of subdivision for unordered (G  ST) and ordered (N  ST) alleles are very high and close (0.83 and 0.85). A new statistical approach to the quantitative study of phylogeography is presented, which relies on the coefficients of differentiation G  ST and N  ST and the Mantel's test. Based on pairwise comparisons between populations, the significance of the difference between both coefficients is evaluated at a global and a local scale. The mapped distribution of the haplotypes indicates the probable routes of postglacial recolonization followed by oak populations that had persisted in southern refugia, especially in the Iberian peninsula, Italy and the Balkans. Most cpDNA polymorphisms appear to be anterior to the befinnina of the last recolonization. A subset of the preexisting haplotypes have merely expanded north, while others were left behind in the south.

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