WHAT WILL BE THE END OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC IF AMERICAN WOMEN REFUSE TO BECOME MOTHERS?-AS VIEWED IN 1912

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Human Race ◽  
American Women ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hereditary Laws

The editorial1 below appeared in the April 1912 issue of Pediatrics (N.Y.). Both the florid style in which it is written and the sentiments it expresses will seem antediluvian to most modern readers. The majority of American women of today look upon maternity as undignified and a menace to a wife's liberty. They consider it an unwelcome invocation of duty and responsibility. So strong is this unhealthy sentiment prevalent in the rural districts, as well as in the Metropolitan centers that the gynecologist is eagerly sought and urged to do an operation which makes maternity impossible. If conception has occurred then these women seek a physician, devoid of moral obligation, and urge him to perform an operation which will rid her of the responsibility of motherhood. The individual women is autocrat of her own decisions, but when she takes the vows of the marriage law, however broad or simple its words, there goes with this vow an injunction of motherhood. The woman who unites herself in marriage to a man and then refuses to be mother of his children unless there are moral, physical or hereditary laws-which cannot in justice to the unborn be propogated in the human race, has obtained a husband, a man to pay her bills, and to support and protect her through the subterfuge and methods of a common cheat. The man and woman unwilling to be father and mother to children are both unworthy of a place in Society and should not marry. Let their taints, whether of blood, or body or morals die with their own soul's death.

An Analysis of Pro-Environmental Attributes towards Adolescents in Penang Using Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiyah Basri ◽  
Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor ◽  
Sitti Asmah binti Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Individual

The energy consumption in transportation sector was mostly created by the individual likeness to use private motor vehicle. High dependency on private motor vehicles has contributed not only to the traffic problem but also accounted to carbon emission. This study aims to investigate the psychological factors that influencing the adolescents’ intention to be more pro-environmental. This study found that the behavioural intention was significantly influenced by the adolescents’ awareness towards consequences, attitude towards environment and public transport, the sentiment of moral obligation to change, and the perceived possibilities or difficulty to practice environmental friendly travel behaviour.

scholarly journals Capí­tulo Segundo: Mundo Reo.

Xihmai ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Ignacio Panedas Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Race ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Future ◽  
The End Of History ◽  
The Individual

Resumen Cuando se empezaron a conocer los testimonios de los supervivientes de los campos de exterminio nazis, la humanidad se consternó. El sufrimiento provocado y la aplicación sistemática y consciente de la técnica a la destrucción de la persona, fueron descubrimientos que pusieron en alerta al hombre sobre la naturaleza del hombre mismo.   Tanto fue el horror que se alcanzó a entrever a través de las narraciones que el  tiempo  se  congeló.  El  reclamo  silencioso  de  las  auténticas  ví­ctimas, quienes murieron, se suspendió en el aire de la memoria hasta que los responsables reconocieran sus culpas. El olvido no podí­a abrazar tan profundos crí­menes.   Por este motivo no puede realizarse el fin de la historia. Los sufrimientos del hombre provocados hasta este grado por el mismo hombre fuerzan un pendiente que ya no puede borrarse. El grito de dolor recuerda a las generaciones futuras la necesidad de una reparación, del perdón, del reconocimiento.   Palabras Clave: Testimonio, memoria, campos de exterminio, fenomenologí­a, hermenéutica, sufrimiento, herencia.   Abstract When testimony from the survivors from Nazi extermination fields were first known, the human race filled with dismay. The suffering provoked and the systematic conscious application of the technique of destruction of the individual, were discoveries that alerted the individual on the nature of the individual itself.   Such a horror was seen through the narrations that time froze.     The silent demand from the authentic victims, who died, was suspended on the air of memory until the responsible recognized their  guilt. Obscurity could not hold such deep crimes.   For this reason the end of history cannot be made. The suffering of the individual provoked up to this point by the individual itself, force an unresolved point that cannot be erased.   The scream of pain reminds the future generations the need to repair, forgive and recognize it.   Key words: Testimony, memory, extermination fields, phenomenology, hermeneutics, suffering, inheritance.

scholarly journals MODERATION EFFECT OF MORAL OBLIGATION ON STUDENT’S INTENTION TOWARDS ACADEMIC DISHONEST BEHAVIOUR: THE CASE OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
YAYRA DZAKADZIE
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Conditional Process Analysis

The study examined the moderation effect of moral obligation on students’ intention towards academic dishonest behaviour. A survey-inferential design was used to randomly sample the views of 1,200 undergraduate university students. A structured questionnaire was used to collect. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Conditional Process Analysis (CPA) were used for the analyses. Moral obligation statistically significantly moderated the intention to engage in academic dishonesty.  It was concluded that an intention to engage in academic dishonesty decrease as moral obligation increases in the individual students. It was recommended that university authorities should introduce moral education as a core course among undergraduate students. This would instill in them a higher moral obligation in order to curb the academic dishonesty menace.

Philosophy and the Cult of Irrationalism

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 201-217
Author(s):  
Brenda Almond
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Categorical Imperative ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Race ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wise Woman ◽  
The Individual

Philosophy, as I conceive it, is a journey and a quest. Conducted individually, it is nevertheless a collective attempt on the part of human beings from differing cultures and times to make sense of the arbitrary contingency of human existence, to find meaning in life. So understood, the impulse to philosophise needs no explanation or apology. It belongs to us all, and it exerts its own categorical imperative. Here I may quote the words of a wise woman, an invented contributor to this debate, who spoke of the common mind, the common store of wisdom which has the power to outlast the individual. ‘For this’, she said, ‘is what philosophy is: not an esoteric discipline, but the common endeavour of the human race to understand and come to terms with its own perilous, fragile and ultimately ephemeral existence’ (Almond, 1990, 185).

scholarly journals Does Ordinary Morality Imply Atheism?

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Rob Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Principle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ordinary Morality

Stephen Maitzen has recently argued that ordinary morality implies atheism. In the following, I argue that the soundness of Maitzen's argument depends on a principle that is implausible, what I call the recipient's Benefit Principle: All else being equal, if an act a produces a net benefit for the individual on the receiving end of a, then one cannot have a moral obligation to prevent a. Specifically, the recipient's Benefit Principle (RBP) must be true if premise (2) of Maitzen's argument is to be true. But, RBP is likely false, as it generates counterintuitive implications as well as conflicts with another principle both plausible and seemingly adopted by most of us, what I call the Preventing Immorality Principle: All else being equal, if an act A is seriously immoral, then one has a moral obligation to prevent A.

Humanity and Moral Rights

1998 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Vasil Gluchman
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
The Individual

The priority and absoluteness of rights is often gist for ethical debates. I consider these issues from the perspective of my ethical theory, which I call the "ethics of social consequences." The ethics of social consequences is one means of satisfying non-utilitarian consequentialism. It is characterized by the principles of positive social consequences, humanity, human dignity, legality, justice, responsibility, tolerance as well as moral obligation. I analyze Gewirth’s position regarding the absoluteness of rights as well as Nagel’s opinion that rights enjoy priority forever. However, I also concentrate on Williams’s critique of utilitarianism. I contend that the priority of the protection and respect of individual rights in ordinary situations is acceptable. However, the individual must respect the rights and justified interests of other concerned people. Nevertheless, in extraordinary situations one must accept that consequences are more significant than rights.

Spatial Diversification of the Unemployment Rate by Province and District in Poland between 2008 and 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Zdrojewski ◽  
Małgorzata Guzińska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Dramatic Difference ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Individual

One of the characteristic features of unemployment in Poland is a strong spatial diversification of that phenomenon. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate changes in the unemployment rate in provinces as well as (urban and rural) districts between 2008 and 2013. A thorough analysis has confirmed a dramatic difference in the intensity of unemployment in the individual districts of the country. The unemployment rate in urban districts in 2013 differed by over 24 percentage points, while in rural districts in the analysed period that spread amounted to 30%. The analysis shows that the growth of the unemployment rate in Poland was profoundly affected by the global economic crisis and other factors. The research has confirmed that unemployment is a major social problem which affects all regions of the country to a varying extent. 

Overview of epidemiology

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blánaid Daly ◽  
Paul Batchelor ◽  
Elizabeth Treasure ◽  
Richard Watt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
The Individual

How tall is the human race? What is meant by being short? Walking down the street, one will see people of various heights and a degree of variation exists. Some people are shorter than others, but when is someone abnormally so? How is it possible to make this judgement? By recording the height of everyone it is possible to start to produce a picture of people as a whole. Such terms as minimum, maximum, and mean give an indication of the distribution of heights. The science used to collect and examine data in this way is known as epidemiology. Epidemiology is defined as: . . . The orderly study of diseases and conditions where the group and not the individual is the unit of interest. . . . Mausner and Kramer ( 1985 ) state that epidemiology is concerned with the frequencies of illnesses and injuries in groups of people as well as the factors that influence their distribution. By investigating differences between subgroups of the population and their exposure to certain factors it is possible to identify causal factors and consequently to develop programmes to alleviate the problems. The critical issue is that knowledge is gained by studying patterns in groups as opposed to concentrating solely on the individual. This chapter gives an overview of the uses of epidemiology in dentistry and describes the main principles of this subject. Epidemiology in dentistry operates in three broad fields. These are: . . . 1 the measurement of dental disease among groups within the population in order to understand factors that influence the distribution; . . . . . . 2 identification of factors that cause conditions; . . . . . . 3 evaluation of effectiveness of new materials and treatment in clinical trials and assessment of needs and requirements for dental services within the community. . . . Undertaking epidemiological investigations requires a series of standards and procedures; measures must be made to an agreed common standard, in a methodological manner, and, when necessary, using an appropriate random sample.

Sacred Embodiment: Fertility Ritual, Mother Goddess, and Cultures of Belly Dance

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Stavrou Karayanni
Keyword(s):  
Female Fertility ◽  
Belly Dance ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Embodiment ◽  
Individual Body

AbstractThis essay examines belly dance movement as a mimetic ritual of universal significance in its representations of the birthing of the human race and the worship of the Mother Goddess. In this examination, the contested politics of female fertility and birthing rituals will be discussed. The essay's scope expands to include discussions of the popular tropes of “body memory” and “in the blood,” fascinating instances of identity definition and ideological location before originary questions of human embodiment, descent, and gender tensions. Movement is directly connected to identity. Movement and choreography may function as story telling—a narrative of the body's history, a fluid and kinaesthetic record of the individual body, and, by extension, the community and in some ways humanity itself.

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