Disposition of Chloramphenicol in Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578
Author(s):  
John P. Glazer ◽  
Michele A. Danish ◽  
Stanley A. Plotkin ◽  
Sumner J. Yaffe
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Dosage Regimens ◽  
Group I ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Group Ii

Although infrequently an antibiotic of first choice for neonates, chloramphenicol (CL) may be indicated in selected instances of infection caused by aminoglycoside-resistant enterobacteriaciae, anaerobes, and ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. Use of CL in neonates has been limited since the recognition that vascular collapse may occur as a consequence of dosage regimens tolerated by adults. With an assay that detects only active CL, we studied drug disposition in 13 low birth weight infants, eight between 1 and 8 days of age (group I), and five between 11 days and 8 weeks of age (group II). Peak serum CL concentrations ranged from 11.2 to 36.2 µg/ml in group I and from 10.0 to 36.2 µg/ml in group II, at doses ranging from 15 to 50 mg/kg/day, and 25 to 50 mg/kg/day, in groups I and II, respectively. Serum CL half-lives (T½) ranged from 10 to 36 hours in four of the eight group I patients; three of the remaining patients had T½ greater than 48 hours and the fourth patient accumulated CL in the interval between doses. T½ in group II ranged from 5.5 to 15.7 hours. Observed differences in T½ between groups I and II were statistically significant (P = .05) and could not be accounted for by factors other than postnatal age. These preliminary data suggest that although there appears to be an inverse relationship between CL T½ and postnatal age, there is sufficient variability in serum levels that monitoring must be performed in low birth weight infants treated with this drug.

scholarly journals Survival rate dependent variations in retinopathy of prematurity treatment rates in very low birth weight infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Jong Hee Hwang ◽  
Yun Sil Chang ◽  
Myung Hee Lee ◽  
Won Soon Park
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Group I

Abstract As increased oxidative stress causes increased mortality and morbidities like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs), the conundrum of improved survival but increased ROP observed with the high oxygen saturation target range of 91–95% is difficult to explain. To determine the survival rate-dependent variation in ROP treatment rate, 6292 surviving eligible VLBWIs registered in the Korean Neonatal Network were arbitrarily grouped according to the survival rate of infants at 23–24 weeks’ gestation as group I (> 70%, n = 1626), group II (40–70%, n = 2984) and group III (< 40%, n = 1682). Despite significantly higher survival and lower BPD rates in group I than in groups II and III, the ROP treatment rate was higher in group I than in groups II and III. However, the adjusted odds ratios for ROP treatment were not significantly different between the study groups, and the ROP treatment rate in the infants at 23–24 weeks’ gestation was 21-fold higher than the infants at ≥ 27 weeks’ gestation. The controversial association between improved survival and reduced BPD reflecting quality improvement of neonatal intensive care but increased ROP treatment rate might be primarily attributed to the improved survival of the most immature infants.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight and First Week Neonatal Mortality in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Sabera Khatun ◽  
Fawzia Hossain ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Afroza Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Objectives The incidence of low birth weight babies and the perinatal morbidity and mortality is inter-related. An understanding of the risk factors can help us to reduce their incidence and studying their management and outcome could help us to evolve optimal management strategies. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of low birth weight and first week neonatal mortality rate. Methods The gestational age of the babies were determined and a comparison of the prenatal mortality ratio was done among vaginal and cesarean deliveries. During the study period all the patients irrespective of their gestational age admitted for delivery were recruited for the prospective analysis. Their gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight and outcome were collected in a preformed data-sheet. Results During the study period there were 2689 deliveries at BSMMU and among them 301 were low birth weight (LBW), rest were normal birth weight babies. Forty-eight from low birth weight and seven from normal birth weight babies died within first-week of delivery. The LBW babies were grouped in to three groups according to their birth weight, 1-1.5 kg = group one, 1.6-2 kg = group two, 2.1- 2.4 kg = group three. It was found that 70% babies of group I, 40% of group II and 17% of group III were in the gestational age of 28-34 weeks. On the other hand 30% babies of group I, 60% of group II and 83% of group III were in the gestational age of 35-40 weeks. 79.36% of group I, 6.67% of group II and 0.63% of group III died within 7 days of birth. Conclusion Significant difference (p value < 0.001) was observed in first-week neonatal mortality among normal and low birth weight babies. Therefore, it can be concluded that birth weight and gestational age is an important determining factor for early neonatal death.

Vitamin E Problems

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
ZVI FRIEDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
The Subject

To the Editor.— I read with great interest the commentary by J. A. Lemons and M. J. Maisels on vitamin E.1 The timing for such a critical review of the subject could not be more appropriate because vitamin E is now being prescribed widely and in large doses to very low birth weight infants. I have two basic comments to the report by Lemons and Maisels. First, the authors reported their experience with the oral administration of vitamin E and pointed out that serum levels are frequently elevated following the oral administration of 100 mg/kg of vitamin E. Thirty-eight percent of their patients had serum levels greater than 3.5 mg/dL, whereas 13% exceeded 5.5 mg/dL.

scholarly journals Comparison between Kangaroo Mother Care with Standard Care in Preterm Neonate Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rumpa Mani Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammod Sahidullah ◽  
Md Abdul Mannan ◽  
MA Azad Chowdhury ◽  
Bidhan Chandra Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Preterm low birth weight (LBW) babies are unable to control their body temperature and are at greater risk of illness. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is special ways of caring for low birth weight babies. KMC provide thermal care through continuous skin to skin contact, support for exclusive breast feeding and early recognition and response to complication. The aim of the study is to assess thermal control, morbidities feeding pattern of baby getting KMC in comparison to conventional care. The study also give estimation about duration and cost during hospital stay and growth between the babies of two groups. This Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted in the Department of Neonatology, BSMMU, Dhaka from December 2012 to October 2013. Fifty neonate with birth weight 1250 to 1800 gm, gestational age >30 weeks to <37 weeks, Hemodynamically stable after birth were selected. Twenty five of them were randomly allocated to KMC(Group-I) and 25 of them to Standard Method Care (Group-II). The mother or care giver provided KMC at least 12hours/day in Group-I. Those in Group-II were managed under radiant warmer. During hospital stay both the groups were monitored and after discharge, the neonates were followed weekly till 40 weeks of corrected gestational age. There were no differences in birth weight, gestational age, number of male/female neonates, places of delivery and mode of delivery between two groups. During hospital stay hypothermia (Group-I 4% vs Group-II 24%) and hyperthermia (Group I 8% vs Group II 32%) were significantly low in KMC group. Late onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) developed significantly in Group-II. Though incidence of culture negative LONS did not differ in two groups but incidence of blood culture positive LONS was significantly high in standard care neonates (36% vs.0%; p=0.001). Neonates with KMC care required significantly shorter time to reach full feeding and to start direct breast feeding; also incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in this group. After initial loss, weight gain started earlier as well as achieved the birth weight earlier in KMC group. Morbidities like hyperglycaemia and apnoea were significantly higher in standard care group. Neonates who received standard care stayed significantly longer in the hospital and total cost during hospital stay was also significantly higher in this group. At 40 weeks corrected gestational age, KMC infants showed significantly higher daily weight gain than standard care group. This study concluded that Kangaroo Mother Care provides effective thermal control, decreases the incidence of sepsis, improves feed tolerance, helps to achieving full enteral feeding and birth weight earlier in preterm LBW neonates. KMC enhances growth during postnatal period. KMC also found to reduce hospital stay and treatment cost. Proper implementation of KMC for the management of preterm  low birth weight babies is safe and effective care. Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (3): 1-8

scholarly journals Relationship between maternal periodontal disease and birth of preterm low weight babies

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Tolêdo Alves ◽  
Rosangela Almeida Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Associated Factor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Group Ii

It has been recently suggested that periodontal disease is an associated factor for prematurity and low birth weight. The aim of this work was to assess the periodontal status of puerperae and determine its possible relationship with preterm low birth weight (PLBW) delivery. The sample included 59 women seen at two maternity hospitals in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Nineteen mothers had premature and low birth weight babies (gestational age below 37 weeks and birth weight below 2,500 g - group I), and 40 had mature, normal weight babies (gestational age over 37 weeks and birth weight over 2,500 g - group II). The mothers' data were obtained from medical files, interview, and periodontal clinical examination carried out up to 48 hours after delivery. The Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) was used for periodontal assessment. The association between periodontal disease and PLBW was expressed as odds ratio (OR). There was a higher rate of periodontal disease in group I (84.21% - 16/19) as compared with group II (37.5% - 15/40). The data also showed a significant association between periodontal disease and PLBW (OR = 8.9 - 95% CI: 2.22-35.65 - p = 0.001). It was concluded that maternal periodontal disease was an associated factor for prematurity and low birth weight in this sample.

scholarly journals Breast feeding and insulin levels in low birth weight neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Santhosh Jose ◽  
Mohamad Ismael K.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g or less, regardless of gestational age. Low birth is caused mainly due to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in adults This study compared breast feeding with or without supplemental feeding on short term growth patterns and fasting insulin levels in low birth weight neonates. Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Paediatric and it was approved by institutional review board. 100 low birth weight neonates who were less than 2.5 Kg who were born at >38 weeks of gestation, less than 10 days of age, were enrolled in the study. 50 children’s parents provided informed consent (50%) and assured follow-up were included in the study. Children born after 38 weeks of gestation, low birth weight, having no intercurrent illnesses such as acute infections or congenital malfunctions were included in the study. These children were randomly divided into two groups, Group I consisted of 25 were made to receive breast feeding, Group II consisted of 25, received fortified meal along with breast feeding. Results: In the present study, birthweight was 2.00±0.58 in group I, and it was 1.88±0.35 kg in group II; birth length was 43.5±2.5 in group I and it was 43.8±2.8 cm in group II; head circumference was 31.2±1.4 in group I and it was 30.25±8.7 cm in group II; chest circumference was 29.1±2.8 in group I and it was 28.7±5.8 in group II. Haemoglobin levels, glucose fasting levels were lesser in group II compared to group I and insulin levels and IQR levels were more in group II compared to group I. Conclusions: Those low birth weight neonates who had exclusive breast feeding had lesser fasting insulin levels when compared to those who were fed with fortified breast milk.

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