Recognition of Neonates by Facial-Visual Characteristics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-504
Author(s):  
Richard H. Porter ◽  
Jennifer M. Cernoch ◽  
Rene D. Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Physical Resemblance

A series of experiments investigated the salience of newborn infants' facial-visual features for recognition and sex identification. Within 33 hours post-partum, mothers recognized photographs of their own offspring when presented with those of unrelated neonates. Furthermore, adult subjects were able to match photographs of unfamiliar mothers and their infants, and determine the sex of neonates, at a greater than chance level of accuracy. Although recognizable facial features are presumably genetically determined, maternal recognition of offspring probably results from brief exposure and familiarization as well as physical resemblance between the infant and other familiar family members, including the mother herself.

LEVELS OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN THE NEWBORN INFANT AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ADRENAL DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH. LAURITZEN ◽  
W.-D. LEHMANN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Low Volume

SUMMARY Chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) concentrations were measured in newborn infants. The levels of HCG were found to be higher in the umbilical vein than in the arteries. The hormone is eliminated within 72 hr. post partum. After the injection of HCG a mean of 3·6% of the administered dose appeared in the urine. The renal clearance was very low (0·006 ml./min.) in the newborn corresponding to the low volume of urinary output. HCG is also excreted in the meconium and in the faeces during the first day of life. Administration of HCG to newborn infants significantly increased the urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone. This rise was even more pronounced in premature infants. It is suggested that HCG is an adrenocorticotrophic hormone in the foetus, regulating the supply of foetal adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone as a precursor for the production of oestrogens in the placenta. The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone in the urine of the newborn was found to lie between 78 and 277 μg./24 hr. After injection of sodium dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, 5% of the dose was excreted in the urine. Dehydroepiandrosterone was not converted into oestrogens by the newborn.

Visual following in Newborns: Role of Figure-Ground Contrast and Configurational Detail

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Rose ◽  
Phyllis A. Katz ◽  
Marilyn Birke ◽  
Ellen Rossman
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Visual Pursuit ◽  
Differential Pursuit ◽  
Border Areas

Visual pursuit was used in studying the ability of newborn infants to discriminate levels of contrast. Ratings of the degree of eye and head following were made as subjects pursued facial targets which varied in terms of the degree of figure-ground contrast and the degree of contrast internal to the figure as defined by the presence or saliency of facial features. Differential pursuit mirrored the degree of contrast such that the strongest pursuit occurred to stimuli which had clearly discriminable facial detailing in addition to strong figure-ground contrast. These results suggest that the newborn is sensitive not only to large border areas of high contrasting illumination but to finer configurational details of stimuli as well.

scholarly journals Pemberian ASI Segera pada Bayi Baru Lahir

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Linda Amalia ◽  
Yovsyah Yovsyah
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) Indonesia masih yang tertinggi di ASEAN dengan penyebab utama kematian adalah penyakit infeksi saluran nafas dan diare yang dapat dicegah. Pencegahan dilakukan antara lain dengan pemberian ASI secara benar, termasuk inisiasi pemberian ASI dalam 30 menit pertama setelah lahir. Pemberian ASI segera dapat mempertahankan kadar hormon prolaktin dan mencegah pemberian makanan pralakteal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran dan determinan pemberian ASI segera pada bayi baru lahir di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur tahun 2007. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang. Pengumpulan Sampel 92 orang ibu post partum yang melahirkan di RSUD Kabupaten Cianjur yang dipilih dengan cara convenience sampling. Pemberian ASI segera pada bayi baru lahir (30%) rendah. Pada analisis multivariat ditemukan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI segera pada bayi baru lahir adalah perilaku penolong persalinan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan manfaat kolostrum dan pemberian susu segera, mendorong penolong persalinan memfasilitasi pemberian Asi segera dan menyempurnakan tata laksana rumah sakit yang mendukung pemberian ASI segera.Kata kunci : ASI segera, bayi baru lahirAbstractInfant Mortality Rate in Indonesia is the highest in ASEAN with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection and diarrhea as major causes of death. One mean of prevention is by providing breastmilk appropriately including immediate breastfeeding within the first 30 minutes after birth. Immediate breastfeeding could help maintain prolactin hormone level and prevent prelacteal feeding. This study aims ait describing the situation and determinants of immediate breastfeeding among newborn infants in Cianjur District General Hospital in 2007. Design of the study was cross-sectional and 92 subjects (post-partum mothers) were selected through convenience sampling method. The study found that the rate of immediate breastfeeding was quite low (30%). Multivariate analysis shows that the most dominant factor related to immediate breastfeeding practice was the practice of birth attendant. It is suggested to improve knowledge about benefits of colostrum and immediate breastfeeding, support birth attendant to facilitate immediate breastfeeding practice and improve hospital management system related to immediate breastfeeding practice.Keywords: immediate breastfeeding, newborn infant

scholarly journals Simple action alters attention towards visual features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixuan Wang ◽  
Blaire J. Weidler ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
Richard A. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Prime Stimulus ◽  
Action Effect ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Simple Action ◽  
Prior Action

AbstractRecent studies have revealed anaction effect, in which a simple action towards a prime stimulus biases attention in a subsequent visual search in favor of objects that match the prime. However, to date the majority of research on the phenomenon has studied search elements that are exact matches to the prime, and that vary only on the dimension of color, making it unclear how general the phenomenon is. Here, across a series of experiments, we show that action can also prioritize objects that match the shape of the prime. Additionally, action can prioritize attention to objects that match only one of either the color or the shape of the prime, suggesting that action enhances individual visual features present in the acted-on objects. The pattern of results suggests that the effect may be stronger for color matches – prioritization for shape only occurred when attention was not drawn to the color of the prime, whereas prioritization for color occurred regardless. Taken together, the results reveal that a prior action can exert a strong influence on subsequent attention towards features of the acted-on object.

Fryns Syndrome: An Autosomal Recessive Disorder Associated With Craniofacial Anomalies, Diaphragmatic Hernia, and Distal Digital Hypoplasia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Christopher Cunniff ◽  
Kenneth Lyons Jones ◽  
Howard M. Saal ◽  
Harvey J. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Genetically Determined

Fryns syndrome is an autosomal recessive, genetically determined condition with variable expression, which includes abnormal facial features, diaphragmatic hernia, distal limb abnormalities, and malformations of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and central nervous systems. Five cases of children with Fryns syndrome, including an example of familial recurrence and a case of long-term survival, are described. This report brings to 25 the number of cases reported in the literature and further serves to illustrate the clinical variability of this disorder.

Consistent Emotions Elicited by Low-Level Visual Features in Abstract Art

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorien van Paasschen ◽  
Elisa Zamboni ◽  
Francesca Bacci ◽  
David Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Abstract Art ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
High Consistency

It is often assumed that works of art have the ability to elicit emotion in their observers. An emotional response to a visual stimulus can occur as early as 120 ms after stimulus onset, before object categorisation can take place. This implies that emotions elicited by an artwork may depend in part on bottom-up processing of its visual features (e.g., shape, colour, composition) and not just on object recognition or understanding of artistic style. We predicted that participants are able to judge the emotion conveyed by an artwork in a manner that is consistent across observers. We tested this hypothesis using abstract paintings; these do not provide any reference to objects or narrative contexts, so that any perceived emotion must stem from basic visual characteristics. Nineteen participants with no background in art rated 340 abstract artworks from different artistic movements on valence and arousal on a Likert scale. An intra-class correlation model showed a high consistency in ratings across observers. Importantly, observers used the whole range of the rating scale. Artworks with a high number of edges (complex) and dark colours were rated as more arousing and more negative compared to paintings containing clear lines, bright colours and geometric shapes. These findings provide evidence that emotions can be captured in a meaningful way by the artist in a set of low-level visual characteristics, and that observers interpret this emotional message in a consistent, uniform manner.

Language discrimination by newborns

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 85-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Ramus
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Language Discrimination ◽  
Speech Cues ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Speech rhythm has long been claimed to be a useful bootstrapping cue in the very first steps of language acquisition. Previous studies have suggested that newborn infants do categorize varieties of speech rhythm, as demonstrated by their ability to discriminate between certain languages. However, the existing evidence is not unequivocal: in previous studies, stimuli discriminated by newborns always contained additional speech cues on top of rhythm. Here, we conducted a series of experiments assessing discrimination between Dutch and Japanese by newborn infants, using a speech resynthesis technique to progressively degrade non-rhythmical properties of the sentences. When the stimuli are resynthesized using identical phonemes and artificial intonation contours for the two languages, thereby preserving only their rhythmic and broad phonotactic structure, newborns still seem to be able to discriminate between the two languages, but the effect is weaker than when intonation is present. This leaves open the possibility that the temporal correlation between intonational and rhythmic cues might actually facilitate the processing of speech rhythm.

scholarly journals Variation in colour signals among Sarracenia pitcher plants and the potential role of areoles in the attraction of flying Hymenoptera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corentin Dupont ◽  
Claire Villemant ◽  
Tom Hattermann ◽  
Jeremie Pratviel ◽  
Laurence Gaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
Insectivorous Plants ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Colour Signals

Sarracenia insectivorous plants show a diversity of visual features in their pitchers but their perception by insects and their role in attraction, have received little attention. They also vary in prey composition, with some species trapping more flying Hymenoptera, such as bees. To test the hypothesis of a link between visual signal variability and prey segregation ability, and to identify which signal could attract flying Hymenoptera, we characterised, the colour patterns of 32 pitchers belonging to four taxa, modelled their perception by flying Hymenoptera, and examined the prey they trapped. The pitchers of the four taxa differed in colour patterns, with notably two long-leaved taxa displaying clear areoles, which contrasted strongly in colour and brightness with the vegetative background and with other pitcher areas in the eyes of flying Hymenoptera. These taxa trapped high proportion of flying hymenoptera. This suggests that contrasting areoles may act as a visual lure for flying Hymenoptera, making plants particularly visible to these insects. Prey capture also differed according to pitcher stage, morphology, season and visual characteristics. Further studies on prey visitation are needed to better understand the link between prey capture and attraction feature.

scholarly journals Rapid detection of social interactions is the result of domain general attentional processes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0258832
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Flavell ◽  
Harriet Over ◽  
Tim Vestner ◽  
Richard Cook ◽  
Steven P. Tipper
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Attention Orienting ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Additional Role

Using visual search displays of interacting and non-interacting pairs, it has been demonstrated that detection of social interactions is facilitated. For example, two people facing each other are found faster than two people with their backs turned: an effect that may reflect social binding. However, recent work has shown the same effects with non-social arrow stimuli, where towards facing arrows are detected faster than away facing arrows. This latter work suggests a primary mechanism is an attention orienting process driven by basic low-level direction cues. However, evidence for lower level attentional processes does not preclude a potential additional role of higher-level social processes. Therefore, in this series of experiments we test this idea further by directly comparing basic visual features that orient attention with representations of socially interacting individuals. Results confirm the potency of orienting of attention via low-level visual features in the detection of interacting objects. In contrast, there is little evidence for the representation of social interactions influencing initial search performance.

scholarly journals What is visual Vaporwave? Vaporwave arts and their history and position in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-326
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Electronic Music ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Musical Aesthetics ◽  
Visual Aesthetics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Visual Characteristics

By Vaporwave we refer to a digital-born electronic music genre and a trend in visual aesthetics. It emerged in some US-based online communities in the early 2010s, and now its visual expressions are in vogue in Chinese visual media context. In this article, Vaporwave’s aesthetics are discussed through three stages of analysis. In the first part, the paper outlines relevant theories and general features of Vaporwave’s (both visual and musical) aesthetics; next, the paper focuses on Vaporwave's visual characteristics, and, to provide a deeper understanding of its visual aesthetics, I discuss a school of painting derived from early twentieth-century Italy—Metaphysical art. In the second part, the article discusses why and how vaporwave aesthetics are inseparable from some Japanese visual characteristics and how it is represented in China, with particular reference to examples of Japanese comics from the 1980s/early 1990s and one popular Chinese video-focused social media TikTok in recent years. In the third part, the article focuses on illustrating Vaporwave's visual features in the Chinese context in recent years, and several examples are provided.

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