Breast-Feeding and Hyperbilirubinemia in Full-Term Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-618
Author(s):  
CARLO CORCHIA ◽  
MARIA RUIU ◽  
MARCELLO ORZALESI
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
School Of Medicine

To the Editor.— Osborn et al1 have reported a positive association between breast-feeding and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full-term infants. To give further support to the findings of Osborn et al, we wish to report the results of two similar studies that have been completed in two different hospitals. The first study was carried out in the nursery of the Second School of Medicine of Naples.2 Rooming-in was practiced from 9 am to 12 pm, and during the day, breastfed babies were only offered a supplement of 5% dextrose in water when appropriate.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding skills of full-term newborns and associated factors in a low-and-middle-income setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2670-2678
Author(s):  
Esedra E Krüger ◽  
Alta AM Kritzinger ◽  
Lidia L Pottas
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Background: Normative information on the breastfeeding of term newborns may guide clinicians in early identification of breastfeeding difficulties and oro-pharyngeal dysphagia (OPD), and may support optimal breastfeeding practices. Objective: To describe breastfeeding skills of term newborn infants in a South African hospital, a lower-middle-income setting, and investigate associations between infants’ feeding and other factors.Method: One breastfeeding session of each of the 71 healthy newborn full-term infants (mean chronological age=1.9 days; mean gestation=39.1 weeks) was evaluated using the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale (PIBBS), suitable for use with term newborns.Results: All participants were exclusively breastfed. Thirteen participants (18%) were HIV-exposed. There was no significant difference in the findings of the PIBBS between HIV-exposed and unexposed participants. Most newborns had obvious rooting, latched deeply onto the nipple and some of the areola, had repeated long sucking bursts (mean length=16.82 sucks/burst), and swallowed repeatedly. Most participants were in either the drowsy or quiet-alert state, which are optimal behavioural states for breastfeeding. One to two-hourly on-demand feeds was significantly associated with mothers who had normal births and did not use galactogogues to promote lactation.Conclusion: Results may be used for early identification of OPD in newborns. The findings may be useful to primary care clinicians.Keywords: Full-term, newborn, breastfeeding, feeding skills, feeding characteristics, normative data.

Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Communications Media ◽  
Maternity Services ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Leave Of Absence ◽  
Practical Information

1. Full-term newborn infants should be breastfed, except if there are specific contraindications or when breast-feeding is unsuccessful. 2. Education about breast-feeding should be provided in schools for all children, and better education about breast-feeding and infant nutrition should be provided in the curriculum of physicians and nurses. Information about breast-feeding should also be presented in public communications media. 3. Prenatal instruction should include both theoretical and practical information about breast-feeding. 4. Attitudes and practices in prenatal clinics and in maternity wards should encourage a climate which favors breast-feeding. The staff should include nurses and other personnel who are not only favorably disposed toward breast-feeding but also knowledgeable and skilled in the art. 5. Consultation between maternity services and agencies committed to breast-feeding should be strengthened. 6. Studies should be conducted on the feasibility of breast-feeding infants at day nurseries adjacent to places of work subsequent to an appropriate leave of absence following the birth of an infant.

Necrotizing enterocolitis following intensive phototherapy in full-term newborns – is there a possible association?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arieh Riskin ◽  
Amir Kugelman ◽  
David Bader
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Clinical Awareness

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis is rare in full-term infants, and is currently not considered a known complication of phototherapy.Three cases of necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term babies possibly associated to intensive phototherapy for treatment of early neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to isoimmune hemolytic disease of the newborn.Although rare, the association between occurrences of necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term newborn infants and intensive phototherapy merits caution and clinical awareness to such possible complication. Presumptive explanation is that intensive phototherapy causes marked vasodilataion in the skin that may result in decreased perfusion of the intestine leading to ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This calls for further studies to investigate the effects of phototherapy on the vascular bed in the gut and other vital organs that could have clinical implications.

Outcome of Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail S. Ross ◽  
Alfred N. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Oculomotor Nuclei ◽  
Very High

Hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice refers to excessive levels of bilirubin in the serum of newborn infants. It is of interest to developmentalists, since serum bilirubin can cross the blood–brain barrier and, in high levels, may cause brain damage, particularly in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra reticulata, subthalamic nucleus, brainstem auditory structures (vestibular and cochlear), oculomotor nuclei, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum. Very high levels of bilirubin can cause the classic acute and chronic bilirubin encephalopathies. Controversy exists as to whether lower levels cause minor neurological, cognitive, or behavioral deficits. Hyperbilirubinemia develops in neonates primarily due to their physiologic immaturity, although other conditions and factors may play a role. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that results from the breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells. In routine clinical practice, bilirubin is measured as total serum bilirubin (TSB). Many healthy full-term infants develop a mild degree of jaundice usually termed “physiologic” jaundice or jaundice not attributable to pathologic factors or disease. The number and rate of breakdown of red cells is higher in the newborn and leads to an increased release of bilirubin to the circulation. The newborn’s liver has reduced capacity to take up bilirubin due to immaturity. Additionally, loss of water in combination with reduced intake of fluid prior to establishment of breast feeding may make the infant jaundiced because of dehydration (Stevenson et al. 2004). Although most neonatal jaundice is physiologic, Table 33.2 lists some of the more common ‘‘pathologic’’ mechanisms causing jaundice in newborns (Stevenson et al. 2004). In actuality, all healthy, full-term infants develop some level of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia as a consequence of physiological immaturity in metabolizing bilirubin, mild dehydration, and/or factors in the breast milk (if they are breast-feeding) (Davidson 1941; Maisels et al. 1986). Clinical jaundice is visible at serum bilirubin levels of approximately 5–7 mg/dL, and approximately 50% (Palmer and Mujsce 2001) of all normal newborns appear jaundiced during the first week of life.

DEVELOPMENTAL TESTING OF PRE-TERM AND SMALL-FOR-DATE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Parmelee ◽  
Franz J. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Developmental Quotient ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Birth Preterm

Twenty-five full-term, newborn infants and 22 small-for-date infants born at term had comparable nerve conduction velocities and were considered to be of equal neurological maturity. Twenty-six pre-term infants equal in weight to the small-for-date infants had significantly slower nerve conduction velocities and were considered on this basis more immature at birth than the term and small-for-date infants. All of these infants were given Gesell developmental tests at approximately 40 weeks of age by an examiner with no knowledge of their neonatal condition. The objective was to determine to what degree performance later in infancy is dependent on neurological maturity at birth. The full-term infants and the small-for-date infants performed at their age level with average developmental quotients of 99 and 96, respectively. The pre-term infants performed at less than their age from birth with an average D.Q. of 88; but, when their age was corrected for weeks of prematurity, the average D.Q. was 99. These findings substantiate the concept that performance on the Gesell schedules is dependent on time from conception rather than time from birth. Preterm infants should have their age determined from their expected date of birth for purposes of calculating a developmental quotient.

scholarly journals Delivery Room Management of Asphyxiated Term and Near-Term Infants

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marlies Bruckner ◽  
Gianluca Lista ◽  
Ola D. Saugstad ◽  
Georg M. Schmölzer
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines ◽  
Delivery Room Management

Approximately 800,000 newborns die annually due to birth asphyxia. The resuscitation of asphyxiated term newly born infants often occurs unexpected and is challenging for healthcare providers as it demands experience and knowledge in neonatal resuscitation. Current neonatal resuscitation guidelines often focus on resuscitation of extremely and/or very preterm infants; however, the recommendations for asphyxiated term newborn infants differ in some aspects to those for preterm infants (i.e., respiratory support, supplemental oxygen, and temperature management). Since the update of the neonatal resuscitation guidelines in 2015, several studies examining various resuscitation approaches to improve the outcome of asphyxiated infants have been published. In this review, we discuss current recommendations and recent findings and provide an overview of delivery room management of asphyxiated term newborn infants.

Pediatric Hazards of Drugs in Solutions Convenient for Administration to Adults

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-999
Author(s):  
STANTON G. AXLINE ◽  
HAROLD J. SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Newborn

Studies on the clinical pharmacology of drugs in newborn infants have uncovered a problem of overdosage which may be more common than generally appreciated. Several medicaments are available only in a limited number of highly concentrated formulations. The requirements of premature and full-term newborn infants for very small total dosages necessitate very careful measurements of minute quantities of drug, and overdosage can readily occur. Specifically, Kanamycin is available in only two formulations for injection containing respectively 250 and 333 mg/ml. The dosage of this agent for newborn infants is approximately 8 mg/Kg of body weight 12 hourly.

HAZARDS OF LAUNDRY PRODUCTS USED IN THE NEWBORN NURSERY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-989
Author(s):  
Sumner J. Yaffe ◽  
Charles W. Bierman ◽  
Howard M. Cann ◽  
Arnold P. Gold ◽  
Frederic M. Kenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Bacteriostatic Agent

Published reports and unpublished communications to the Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics indicate that substances potentially hazardous to the premature and full-term newborn infant continue to be used in the laundering of clothing, diapers, and bedding for hospital nurseries. In 1962 the Subcommittee on Accidental Poisoning called attention to occurrences of methemoglobinemia in premature and full-term newborn infants whose diapers were autoclaved after a final laundry rinse with the bacteriostatic agent, 3-4-4' trichlorocarbanilide (TCC).1 Subsequent reports in the pediatric literature confirmed and added to these "epidemics" of neonatal methemoglobinemia2-4 and suggested that aniline–a wellknown cause of methemoglobinemia5–resulting from the break-down of TCC during autoclaving, was absorbed from diapers and other nursery clothing through the skin of the infants. Although direct proof of the etiologic role of TCC is lacking, the association is of sufficient concern that the forthcoming Academy manual, Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants, Second Edition, makes reference to the hazards of using TCC. Although a limited and informal survey of hospital nurseries in the United States and Canada indicates that most hospital laundry procedures have abandoned TCC in treating clothing and bed linens of newborn infants, sporadic instances of neonatal methemoglobinemia associated with exposure to this substance still come to the attention of local, state, and national health agencies, manufacturers, and the Committee on Drugs. In 1967, deaths and severe illness occurred in epidemic form in the newborn nursery of a small Midwestern maternity hospital.6 Investigation revealed that the sodium salt of pentachlorophenol (PCP)— which was present in the antimicrobial neutralizer product used in the final rinse of the laundry process for diapers, infant undershirts, and crib linens for the nursery–intoxicated babies by percutaneous absorption.7

PLACENTAL TRANSFUSION AND HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN THE PREMATURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Saigal ◽  
Allison O'Neill ◽  
Yeldandi Surainder ◽  
Le-Beng Chua ◽  
Robert Usher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Volume Measurements

Placental transfusion has been compared in premature and full-term infants. Blood volume measurements showed that the 5-minute transfusion was similar in full-term and premature infants (47% and 50% increase in blood volume from birth). A larger proportion of the 5-minute transfusion occurred by 1 minute in full-term (76%) than in premature infants (56%). Placental transfusion, by increasing red cell volume, greatly enhanced the severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Bilirubin concentrations of 15 mg/100 ml developed in only 6% of premature infants when cord clamping was immediate, in 14% when cord clamping was delayed 1 minute, and in 38% after a 5-minute delay in cord clamping.

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