Evolution of Short-Course Antimicrobial Treatment of Tuberculosis in Children, 1951-1984

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-686
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Kendig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Drug Actions ◽  
American Lung Association ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Although the first unrecognized indication that short-course antimicrobial treatment of tuberculosis might be effective came in reports of tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis in children so treated by Lorber (1951 to 1956), the 1977 American Lung Association-American Thoracic Society recommendation for antimicrobial therapy of tuberculosis in adults still specified an 18-month course. The first prospective study on the short-course antimicrobial treatment of children in the United States was published in December 1983. The long delay before recognition of the practicability of short-course antimicrobial treatment of tuberculosis has probably been occasioned by ignorance of drug actions and the mechanisms involved.

Trial of Therapy and Prospective Study of Nephroblastoma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P. A. Voûte ◽  
J. Lemerle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
International Society ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
A Prospective Study

The International Society of Pediatric Oncology (ISPO) is planning a clinical therapeutic trial on nephroblastoma in Europe. Large agreement exists on the treatment of these tumors; the principal modalities are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, there are some unanswered questions as to the value of different forms of administration of radiation and chemotherapy, which we feel could best be elucidated by a prospective study in the form of a clinical trial. A trial has been going on in the United States for 2 years.

scholarly journals Drug-Resistant Salmonella typhi in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Petrin ◽  
Russell W. Steele ◽  
Elizabeth A. Margolis ◽  
Justin M. Rabon ◽  
Holly Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Enteric fever (formerly typhoid fever) is a bacterial illness caused by fecal-oral transmission of Salmonella typhi or paratyphi. In early 2018, an outbreak of Salmonella typhi resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol was reported in Pakistan. This strain, termed “extensively resistant typhi,” has infected more than 5000 patients in endemic areas of South Asia, as well as travelers to and from these areas, including 5 cases in the United States. We present the case of one such child who developed extensively resistant enteric fever during a recent visit to Pakistan and required broader antimicrobial treatment than typically required. Clinicians should be aware that incoming cases of enteric fever may be nonsusceptible to commonly recommended antibiotics and that extensively resistant typhi requires treatment with carbapenems such as meropenem or azithromycin.

Ability of the United States Air Force Family Needs Screener to Predict Child Maltreatment: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Randy J. McCarthy ◽  
Joel S. Milner ◽  
Margaret H. Walker ◽  
Leasley K. Besetsny ◽  
Mark A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Air Force ◽  
United States Air Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
A Prospective Study

Theobald Smith, 1859-1934

1935 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-521
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Albany Medical College

Theobald Smith, son of Philip Smith by his wife Theresa nee Kexel, was born at Albany, New York, on July 31, 1859. He was educated at public schools there and afterwards went to Cornell University, where he graduated as B.Phil. in 1881. His material circumstances being small, and failing to obtain a post as school teacher, he resolved to study medicine and went to Albany Medical College of Union University whence he graduated as M.D. in 1883, after attending the very short course then prevailing in some medical schools in the United States. He was studious and already widely read as a youth. Being possessed of the good judgement which characterized him throughout life, he was clear in his mind that his training was insufficient to qualify him as a medical practitioner. At Cornell, he worked under two remarkable teachers, Professors Gage and Wilder, with great benefit as he afterwards acknowledged.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Screening for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Ghana: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 909-909
Author(s):  
Anna Ssentongo ◽  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Laura Keeney ◽  
Arkorful Ebenezer ◽  
Forster Amponsah-Manu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis and liver transplant in the United States. It is associated with increased length of stay and poor surgical outcomes. NAFLD affects approximately 30% of American adults, and even more Africans. However reported rates of NAFLD in African countries vary widely, where recent studies have shown that up to 50–87% Africans are could be living with NAFLD. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in Ghana and to assess whether NAFLD is associated with increased length of stay and surgical complications. Methods A prospective study on 96 surgical patients aged 18 and older, without a history of alcohol abuse or liver disease, who presented at Eastern Reginal Hospital in Ghana for elective general and gynecological procedures between September and December 2018. A single, expert radiologist screened all patients for NAFLD using an abdominal ultrasound machine. NAFLD was diagnosed in conjunction with the American Association for the study of liver disease guidelines, assessing for increased hepatic echogenicity compared to the spleen and kidneys. Patients were followed up for 30 days and information was collected on length of stay and surgical site occurrences (SSO). Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed using SAS 9.4. Results Of 97 patients, mean age 46 ± 14 years, mean BMI 26.9 ± 7.7, and 40 (42%) Male, the mean length of stay was 2.7 days ± 2.7 days. Eighteen (19%) patients had a length of stay ≥ 5 days and 9 (9%) developed a SSO. Ultrasonography revealed that 54 (56%) of patients had NAFLD, of which 15 (28%) patients had moderate disease (25–50% of liver), and 39 (72%) had mild (5–25%) disease. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and BMI were not associated with NAFLD. NAFLD and sex were independent predictors of an increased length of stay ≥ 5 days, where patients with NAFLD were 5x as likely to have an extended length of stay, but not SSO compared to those without NAFLD (OR: 4.8 95% CI 1.1–18.5). Conclusions Ghana has almost twice the prevalence of NAFLD compared to the United States, suggesting that NAFLD is very common in Africa. It is associated with delayed surgical recovery leading to more than twice the average length of stay. Funding Sources None.

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