Microbiology of Empyema in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The microbiology of empyema was studied in 72 children and adolescents whose specimens yielded bacterial growth after inoculation for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. A total of 93 organisms, 60 aerobic or facultative and 33 anaerobic, were isolated. Aerobic bacteria was isolated in 48 (67%) patients, anaerobic bacteria in 17 (24%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 7 (10%). The predominant aerobic or facultative bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (15 isolates), Streptococcus pneumoniae (13), and Staphylococcus aureus (10). The predominant anaerobes were Bacteroides sp (15 isolates, including 7 Bacteroides fragilis group and 5 Bacteroides melaninogenicus group), anaerobic cocci (9), and Fusobacterium sp (6). β-lactamase activity was detected in at least one isolate in 20 (37%) of the 54 tested patients. These included all 8 tested S aureus and 7 B fragilis group, 3 of 10 H influenzae, 2 of 4 B melaninogenicus group, and 1 of 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Most cases of S pneumoniae and H influenzae were associated with pneumonia. The recovery of anaerobic bacteria was mostly associated with the concomitant diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, subdiaphragmatic abscess, and abscesses of dental or oropharyngeal origin. The data highlight the importance of anaerobic bacteria in selected cases of empyema in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus carriage in healthy school-age children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Leonardo Terranova ◽  
Luca Ruggiero ◽  
Beatrice Ascolese ◽  
Valentina Montinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Bacteriology of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Adults

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Aspirates of 72 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial growth was present in 66 of the 72 specimens (92%). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 58 of the 66 culture-positive specimens (88%). Anaerobes only were recovered in 37 cases (56%) and in 21 (32%) they were mixed with aerobic or facultative bacteria. Aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in eight cases (12%). A total of 185 isolates (2.8 per specimen) — 131 (2.0 per specimen) anaerobes and 54 (0.8 per specimen) aerobes or facultatives — were isolated. The predominant anaerobic organisms were anaerobic cocci and Bacteroides sp, and the predominant aerobes or facultatives were Streptococcus sp and Staphylococcus aureus. Twelve of the 27 Bacteroides sp that were tested for β-lactamase (44%) produced the enzyme. These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in chronic sinusitis.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteriology of Perirectal Abscess in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-284
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
William J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aspirates of pus from perirectal abscesses in 28 children were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. A total of 87 isolates (64 anaerobic and 23 aerobic) were recovered from the patients, an average of 2.3 anaerobes and 0.8 aerobes per specimen. Anaerobic organisms alone were recovered from 15 specimens (54%), and in nine specimens (32%) they were mixed with aerobic organisms. Aerobic organisms were recovered in pure culture in only four patients (14%). The predominant anaerobic organisms were Bacteroides sp (32 isolates, including 14 B fragilis group and seven B melaninogenicus group), Gram-positive anaerobic cocci(15), Fusobacterium sp (six), and Clostridium sp (three). The predominant aerobic organisms were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (six of each), group A β-hemolytic streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus morganii (two of each). Five children had a serious underlying chronic disease; three of these had an accompanying bacteremia and two died. Incision and drainage were performed on all patients: some children also received parenteral, or oral antibiotic treatment, or both.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Tigecycline (GAR-936) against Recently Isolated Clinical Bacteria in Spain

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Betriu ◽  
Iciar Rodríguez-Avial ◽  
Blas Ali Sánchez ◽  
María Gómez ◽  
Juan Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activities of tigecycline (GAR-936) were compared with those of other agents against 1,087 strains recently isolated in 12 Spanish medical centers. Tigecycline showed activity against a wide spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Microbiology of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Sinusitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Perry A. Foote ◽  
Edith H. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Selection Of

Objectives: We undertook to evaluate the microbiology of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis (AECS). Methods: Repeated aspirations of maxillary sinus secretions by endoscopy were performed in 7 patients over a period of 125 to 242 days. Results: Bacteria were recovered for all 22 aspirates, and the number of isolates was between 2 and 4. A total of 54 isolates were isolated: 16 aerobic and facultative bacteria and 38 anaerobic bacteria. The aerobic bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (7 isolates), Streptococcus pneumoniae (3), Moraxella catarrhalis (3), Staphylococcus aureus (2), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1). The anaerobic bacteria included pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp (19), Peptostreptococcus spp (9), Fusobacterium spp (8), and Propionibacterium acnes (2). A change in the types of isolates was noted in all consecutive cultures obtained from the same patients as different organisms emerged and previously isolated bacteria were no longer recovered. An increase in antimicrobial resistance was noted in 6 instances. Conclusions: This study illustrates the microbial dynamics of AECS in which anaerobic and aerobic bacteria prevail, and highlights the importance of obtaining cultures from patients with AECS for guidance in selection of proper antimicrobial therapy.

Microbiology of Abscesses of the Head and Neck in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Dental Infection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Neck Infection ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Predisposing Conditions

Specimens from 36 children with abscesses of the neck and 31 children with abscesses of the head were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrobial therapy was administered to 51 of the 67 patients (76%) prior to sample collection. In specimens obtained from neck infections, aerobic bacteria only were recovered in 24 (67%), anaerobic bacteria only in seven (19%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in five (14%). In abscesses of the head, aerobic bacteria only were recovered in 11 (35%), anaerobic bacteria only in eight (26%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 12 (39%). Of a total of 52 isolates recovered from neck abscesses (1.4 per specimen), 34 were aerobes (0.9 per specimen), and 18 were anaerobes (0.5 per specimen). Of a total of 62 isolates recovered from head abscesses (2.0 per specimen), 20 were aerobes (0.6 per specimen), and 42 were anaerobes (1.4 per specimen). The most frequently recovered organism in neck infection was Staphylococcus aureus (20 isolates), and the most frequently recovered organism in head infection was Bacteroides sp (19 isolates). β-Lactamase activity was detected in 36 isolates recovered in 21 abscesses (46%). Correlation between the predisposing conditions and the bacteria recovered showed a higher recovery of anaerobes in patients with dental infection or manipulation, tonsillitis, and fetal monitoring. Staphylococcus aureus was associated with trauma. This study demonstrated the importance of anaerobic bacteria in abscesses in the head and neck, especially in infections originating from sites where these organisms are the predominant flora.

Bacteriology of Acute and Chronic Sphenoid Sinusitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sphenoid Sinusitis ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Sphenoid Sinuses

Aspirates of 16 acutely infected and 7 chronically infected sphenoid sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. A total of 29 isolates were recovered from the 16 cases of acute sphenoid sinusitis (1.8 per specimen): 22 aerobic and facultative (1.4 per specimen), and 7 anaerobic (0.4 per specimen). Aerobic and facultative organisms alone were recovered in 10 specimens (62%), anaerobes alone were isolated in 3 (19%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 3 (19%). The predominant aerobic and facultative species were Staphylococcus aureus (9 isolates), Streptococcus spp (9), and Haemophilus influenzae (2). A total of 28 isolates were recovered from the 7 cases of chronic sphenoid sinusitis (4.0 per specimen): 11 aerobic and facultative (1.6 per specimen) and 17 anaerobic (2.4 per specimen). Aerobic and facultative organisms alone were recovered in 1 instance (14%), anaerobes alone in 3 instances (43%), and mixed aerobes and anaerobes in 3 instances (43%). The predominant aerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli ( Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 1 each). The predominant anaerobes included Peptostreptococcus spp (4 isolates), Prevotella spp (5), and *** Fusobacterium spp (4). These findings illustrate the unique microbiology of acute and chronic sphenoid sinusitis.

Bacteriology of Aspiration Pneumonia in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Sydney M. Finegold
Keyword(s):  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aspiration pneumonia in adults has been shown to involve anaerobes about 90% of the time. Studies of the bacteriology of aspiration pneumonia in children done in the past have either failed to exclude the oral and upper respiratory tract flora or have not utilized proper anaerobic culture techniques or both. In the present study, 74 institutionalized children with aspiration pneumonia were studied by percutaneous transtracheal aspiration. Their average age was 8 years. Fifty-two patients had pneumonitis, 12, necrotizing pneumonia, and 10, lung abscess. Only one patient (with lung abscess) had a complicating empyema. There was an average of five bacteria isolated per specimen—2.8 anaerobes and 2.2 nonanaerobes. The predominant anaerobic isolates were Grampositive cocci, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and fusobacteria; there were ten patients who yielded members of the Bacteroides fragilis group. The predominant nonanaerobes were α-hemolytic streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, aspiration pneumonia in children, as in adults, commonly involves anaerobic bacteria. When aspiration occurs in a medical institution, nosocomial pathogens which are aerobic or facultative will also often be involved, in both children and adults.

Recovery of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Sinus Fungal Ball

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Fungus Ball ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Culture Positive

This case study with chart review describes the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of specimens obtained from 47 patients with Aspergillus spp fungus ball. Bacteria were recovered from 32 of the 47 (68%) patients. Eighty-six isolates, 29 aerobic and facultatives and 57 anaerobic, were recovered. Aerobic and facultatives only were recovered in 6 instances (19% of culture-positive specimens), anaerobes only in 11 (34%), and mixed aerobes and anaerobes in 15 (47%). The predominant aerobes were Staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates), α-hemolytic streptococci (5 isolates), Enterobacteriacae (4 isolates), and microaerophilic streptococci (4 isolates). The predominant anaerobes were Gram-negative bacilli (26), Peptostreptococcus spp (14), and Fusobacterium spp. (10). Twenty-two β-lactamase–producing bacteria were recovered from 15 patients. These included all 6 S aureus and 2 Bacteroides fragilis group isolates, 4 of 10 of Fusobacteria, and 7 of 19 Prevotella and Porphyromonas. This study demonstrates the recovery of polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora in the sinuses of patients with fungus ball.

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