Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Herbal Soap

Bacterial skin infections are most common amongst people, requiring significant attention for treatment and also for maintaining healthy skin. Some herbal plant extracts and their oils were found to have antibacterial activity. The aim and objective of the present study are to formulate and evaluate anti-bacterial herbal soap using Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum oils. The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulations was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and, Escherichia coli and they exhibited a good anti-bacterial effect. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters for which good characteristics were observed. The easy availability of plants and their effectiveness helps manufacturers with cost-effective benefits and with less or no side effects.

Development of Poly Herbal Cream Formulations Containing Wild Growing Omani Medicinal Plants

Acne is derived from the Greek word “acme” which means “prime of life”. It is mostly considered to be benign and self-limiting condition but if it is ignored than it can progress to lifetime presence and scaring of the skin. Almost 85% of adolescence are affected by acne and from here males are at higher ration that female due to testosterone level that causes increase size in sebaceous gland which in turn causes more production of sebum (oil production). Women are affected more during adulthood due to imbalance of premenstrual hormones and over use of oil based cosmetics. There are many different factors that contribute to acne formation and it has many different forms. Herbal medication are considered safer than allopathic medicines because allopathic medicines are associated with various side effects such as like contact allergy, local irritation, scaling, photosensitivity, itching, redness, skin peeling, necrosis of the skin etc. In this study there are 3 herbal plants were used to prepare cream formulation that were used to investigate the anti-acne property. The aim of this research work was to develop formulations and to perform its evaluation as an herbal anti-acne cream. The objective of this study was to focus on the ant-acne or anti-bacterial effect of the formulated polyherbal cream containing three plants, Thyme, Aloe Vera and Basil. The results showed that the formulation 10 showed potential anti-acne property had that twice more concentration of aloe Vera than basil and thyme.

A novel antibacterial and biocompatible wound cover made of gelatin / chitosan with silver nanoparticles of green synthesis.

A dressing material based on the combination of gelatine, chitosan and silver nanoparticles with a suitable proportion has been developed and can be successfully applied in biomedical fields. The new gelatin/chitosan membranes were prepared using the chitosan suspension mixed with gelatin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), resulting in a biocompatible and antibacterial product. AgNPs were obtained by the reduction of silver nitrate with chitosan solution and added to chitosan/gelatin (GCs) blend solutions to obtain membranes by the casting method. Thus, membranes with three different AgNPs concentrations were produced: 30 mM, 20 mM and 10 mM AgNPs. To evaluate the characteristics of the membranes, physicochemical and morphological tests were carried out, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission (TEM), and in vitro cytotoxicity and bacterial assays. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by Visible Ultraviolet to Ultraviolet to Visible (UV-vis) and TEM, where the nanoparticles were observed by the formation of the peak spectrum at a wavelength at 560 nm. According to the TEM images, polymorphic nanoparticles with an average size of 30 nm were obtained. Furthermore, the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated the presence of silver evenly distributed within the membranes. The results obtained by (FTIR) showed spectral peaks characteristic of the membrane materials, that is, typical spectra of gelatin, chitosan and silver. These results could be explained by addition of free −OH, −NH2 and −NHOCOCH3 groups of the amorphous chitosan in the blends and a network structure through electrostatic interactions between the ammonium ions (−NH3+) of the chitosan and the carboxylate ions (−COO−) of the gelatin. The concentrations of AgNPs 30 mM and 20 mM in the membranes attributed to them a high hydration rate and high water vapor permeability (WVP). Membranes with 30 mM AgNPs showed bacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, concentrations of 20 mM AgNPs and 10 mM AgNPs, bacteriostatic effect against Staphylococcus aureus and bacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the results of the in vitro assays, 10 mM AgNPs membranes were not cytotoxic. With the results obtained, GC membranes with up to 10 mM AgNPs are candidates for use in the fields of biomaterials and biomedicine.

Effect of Eugenol on Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on NiTi Orthodontic Wires: In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of two types of Eugenol against Streptococcus mutans and then assess the effect of different concentrations of two types of Eugenol on S. mutans adhesion on Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires in comparison to in vivo wires with fluoride-based hygiene regimen. Material and methods Culture of Streptococcus mutans with NiTi orthodontic wires was done. Different media were prepared by adding 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of two origins of Eugenol (one biological obtained by hydrodistillation of Syzygium aromaticum and one chemical already prepared available in drugstores for dental use (Idental, MOROCCO, lot number: UAN/17–211/1). Three sizes of NiTi wires (0.016 inch, 0.016 × 0.022 inch, 0.017 × 0.025 inch) were retrieved from adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment after 1 month of setting them up in the mouth. After incubation, colony forming unites were calculated and a SEM analysis was done to the surface of each wire. ANOVA test was done between all groups to find statistical differences and post-hoc t-test with Bonferroni analysis was performed to elucidate differences between all groups with α = 0.05. Results Eugenol has an anti-bacterial effect against S. mutans. The biological Eugenol has greater effect than the chemical one. The same observations were done for anti-adherent effect, the biological Eugenol demonstrated the highest anti-adherent effect at all concentrations while the effect of the chemical Eugenol was the lowest. Conclusions The origin and the extraction mode of Eugenol have a crucial role in its antimicrobial and anti-adherent effect. Eugenol might constitute an alternative to Fluoride because it has an anti-adherent effect, limiting the incidence of white spot lesions.

Anti Bacterial Activity of Lavandula Extracts, Pathogen and Probiotics Bacteria

Introduction: Herbs of the lavender genus are widely used today as anti-bacterial drugs in traditional medicine. Lavandula angustifolia (LA) is endemic in the Iberian Peninsula and common in Iran that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Lavandula oils, well known for their scent and aroma, have been used in the perfumery and food industry for many years, therefore the aim of this study is the assessment of the anti-bacterial effect of LA extracts against pathogens and non-pathogen bacteria. Methods: 96-well microplates MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. Five Serial dilutions from 50 to 1 μg/mL concentrations were admitted for all bacteria which include: Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Probiotics complex. Results: LA watery extract demonstrate the statically inhibitory effect in just 50 g/L concentration against E.Coli, E. Faecalis, Pu, and Probiotic p= 0.024, 0.025, 0.004, and 0.012 respectively, whereas this concentration was 1g/L for Staph. aureus p=0.026. LA alcohol extracts display the same effect in 1g/L for all bacteria p= 0.000.Conclusion: Our results showed that LA in both watery and Alcohol extractions can inhibit both pathogenic and non-pathogen bacteria whereas active compounds are alcohol soluble. Long-time consumption of LA in the herbal product could disrupt normal bacteria of the gastrointestinal system.

The anti-bacterial effect of phenolic compounds from three species of marine macroalgae

Scania AE, Chasani AR. 2021. The anti-bacterial effect of phenolic compounds from three species of marine macroalgae. Biodiversitas 22: 3412-3417. Bacterial infection is still a serious problem in human health due to many bacteria that are resistant to synthetic antibiotics. Natural antibiotics are needed for substituting synthetic antibiotics such as antibiotics derived from marine macroalgae. Marine macroalgae respond to extreme environmental conditions by producing secondary metabolites containing bioactive substances. Bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds in marine macroalgae may have an antibacterial effect on bacteria. Our research was aimed to detect the presence of phenolic compounds in three species of marine macroalgae (Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), Sargassum polycystum (Phaeophyta), Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta)), and also to determine the most effective inhibition of phenols-contained extracts of marine macroalgae to the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Our research was conducted through field sampling for collecting samples and laboratory work for identifying and extracting samples including qualitative testing of phenolic compounds, rejuvenating bacteria, preparing the tested bacteria, and determine the inhibition index of extracts against E.coli and S.typhi. Our results indicated that the extract of U. lactuca, S. polycystum, and P.palmata contained phenolic compounds. Phenols-contained extract of Sargassum polycystum is the most effective in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. typhi. The incubation temperature, the type of bacteria influence the antibacterial activity of marine macroalgae.

Condensed tannin content and antioxidant activity of Hungarian sorghum varieties grown at Research Institute in Karcag

Cereal-based products are one of our main energy sources, and are consumed on a daily basis. One of the weaknesses of wheat based products is their low antioxidant content. Sorghum is a minor cereal, mostly consumed in Africa and Asia. Amongst other phenolic components it contains tannins, which are potent antioxidants and have other positive effect on human health, for example anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral/bacterial effect. We evaluated the tannin content (vanillin-HCL) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) of sorghum varieties (Alföldi1, Zádor, Foehn, Albita, Albanus) grown in Hungary, with two type of agronomy technology.. Red varieties especially Alföldi1 and Zádor had higher tannin contents than white varieties. The highest condensed tannin content was 1470±73 mg 100g-1 (Control, Alföldi1), 1810±154 mg 100g-1 (Fertilized, Alföldi1), and the highest total antioxidant capacity was 2099±19 mg 100g-1 (Control, Alföldi1) and 2117±26 mg 100g-1 (Fertilized, Alföldi) We found that sorghum type, variety and color influence their tannin and antioxidant contents in general.