The Relationship Between Pertussis Vaccine and Brain Damage: Reassessment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neurological Disability ◽  
Neurological Illness ◽  
The Relationship

Administration of pertussis vaccine has been associated temporally with local and systemic reactions, including febrile convulsions. Based on the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES), a large case-controlled, epidemiologic study in Great Britain, permanent neurological disability (brain damage) has not been considered a common sequela of rare, severe, adverse neurological events temporally related to pertussis immunization. Recently, however, reassessment of this conclusion has been prompted by the following events: a review of the NCES by a workshop convened to make recommendations for a possible future United States study of the association of pertussis vaccination and serious neurological illness,1 a legal decision in Great Britain questioning the findings of NCES;2 further investigations of the role of pertussis vaccine in causation of acute and chronic neurologic illness;3-6 and continuing reassessment of recommendations for pertussis vaccination by national committees in Canada,7 Great Britain,8 and the United States. Recent reviews and editorials also have addressed this and related questions concerning adverse events attributed to pertussis vaccine.9-12 The Committee herein reports its reassessment of the role of pertussis vaccine as a cause of chronic neurological disability. In this review, the term "encephalopathy" is avoided deliberately. Definition of this term is difficult, and its use can be misleading. For example, the NCES study population was children with acute, serious neurological illness, the majority of whom had convulsions lasting 30 minutes or more.13 Thus, in assessing the nature of the relationship between pertussis immunization and neurological events, the term "acute, serious neurological illness" is considered more appropriate than "encephalopathy."

Values and Political Predispositions in the Age of Polarization: Examining the Relationship between Partisanship and Ideology in the United States, 1988–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Lupton ◽  
Steven M. Smallpage ◽  
Adam M. Enders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The correlation between ideology and partisanship in the mass public has increased in recent decades amid a climate of persistent and growing elite polarization. Given that core values shape subsequent political predispositions, as well as the demonstrated asymmetry of elite polarization, this article hypothesizes that egalitarianism and moral traditionalism moderate the relationship between ideology and partisanship in that the latter relationship will have increased over time only among individuals who maintain conservative value orientations. An analysis of pooled American National Election Studies surveys from 1988 to 2012 supports this hypothesis. The results enhance scholarly understanding of the role of core values in shaping mass belief systems and testify to the asymmetric nature and mass public reception of elite cues among liberals and conservatives.

scholarly journals Sojourner Culture Shock: Assessing the Role of Exposure in Intrapersonal Identity Conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Asfahani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
The United States ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Saudi Arabian Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
The Relationship

This research assesses the relationship between intercultural exposure variables—the length of time spent in the United States, the length of previous experience outside Saudi Arabia, the length of time studying English as a second language, and the frequency and nature of interactions with Americans—and intrapersonal identity conflict. To assess this relationship, the researcher conducted a survey of Saudi Arabian students studying in the United States, which collected information on exposure variables, as well as employing Leong and Ward’s (2000) Ethno-Cultural Identity Conflict Scale (EICS). A Pearson correlation test was conducted to examine the relationship between the Saudi sojourners’ intercultural exposure and their identity conflict scores to conclude that there is not a relationship between exposure and identity conflict.

scholarly journals “THE FALL OF THE SECOND WALL”: THE NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN CUBA AND THE UNITED STATES AND THE ROLE OF POPE FRANCIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-215
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Baisotti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
Cuban American ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The pastoral trips of Pope Francis to Cuba and to the United States were not only religious. The political activity that he organized to consolidate the relationship between the two recently reconciled countries was remarkable. Through visits, meetings and masses the Pope expressed his position and concerns about various arguments, beyond the recomposed Cuban-American relationship. During the trip he addressed subjects including the environment, poverty, family, union, freedom, all of which were themes that the Pontiff had clearly stated in his encyclical Laudato Si ‘(2015) and his Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium (2013). With this trip, Pope Francis ended up consolidating his status as a global politician as well as a pastor with a high degree of acceptance not only among Catholics.

Diversity Beliefs as Moderator of the Contact–Prejudice Relationship

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekemi A. Adesokan ◽  
Johannes Ullrich ◽  
Rolf van Dick ◽  
Linda R. Tropp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Research on intergroup contact has recently begun to examine how individual differences moderate the reduction of prejudice. We extend this work by examining the moderating role of diversity beliefs, i.e., the strength of individuals’ beliefs that society benefits from ethnic diversity. Results of a survey among 255 university students in the United States show that the relationship between contact and reduced prejudice is stronger for individuals holding less favorable diversity beliefs compared to those with more positive diversity beliefs. Likewise, the relationship between contact and perceived importance of contact is stronger for people with less favorable diversity beliefs. Together with previously reported moderator effects, these results suggest that contact especially benefits people who are the most predisposed to being prejudiced.

THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN RESOLVING THE FIRST NORTH KOREAN NUCLEAR CRISIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Radmila S. Ayriyan ◽  
Anastasia A. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Nuclear Problem ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nuclear Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between the United States and the DPRK during the first North Korean nuclear crisis. It discusses the events leading up to the crisis and the behavior of both sides and international organizations before and during the crisis. The article draws up the role of South Korea during the escalation of the crisis, as well as influence of other countries interested in resolving the crisis. It analyzes the U.S.-North Korea relationship and the impact of the UN and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on the international situation at that time. In this aspect, the study of the Korean nuclear program and the role of the United States has not previously been carried out in Russian historiography. The discussion leads to the design and stages of the KEDO creation with attention to the documents on this international consortium. The situation demonstrates different visions on the USA foreign policy strategy chosen in relation to the DPRK nuclear problem in 1990s, namely the opinion of the United States diplomats working on relations with the DPRK, and American researchers in humanities and technology. The paper concludes with the reasons of the Framework Agreements’ failure that led to the crises.

Gender and Latinx Pedagogy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirelsie Velazquez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contemporary Context

The education of Latina/o/x populations in the United States has been the focus of debates, struggles, and community engagement for over 100 years. From linguistic inequalities, deficit perspectives, and community battles, to contemporary rhetoric on access, this entry explores the relationship between schools/schooling and Latina/o/x communities, both historically and in the contemporary context. Important to these narratives is the role of Latinas. To understand their centrality, it is important that the works of Latina and Chicana theorists and scholars are in conversation with one another to contextualize the role of Latinas, whether as community organizers, educators, or mothers, in the education of Latina/o/x populations, and by extension in the overall well-being of their communities. Similarly, the scholarship on and by Latinas complicates the role of stories and their positionality in education research.

Who Believes in the American Dream?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Graham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter goes on to ask who still believes in the American Dream. It begins with a review of what we know about the relationship between inequality, well-being, and attitudes about future mobility. It summarizes what we know from survey data on attitudes about inequality and opportunity in the United States, and then places those attitudes in the context of those in other countries and regions, based on new data and analysis with a focus on individuals' beliefs in the role of hard work in future success. Evidence suggests that the American Dream is very unevenly shared across socioeconomic cohorts. The poor and the rich in the United States lead very different lives, with the former having a much harder time looking beyond day-to-day struggles and associated high levels of stress, while the latter is able to pursue much better futures for themselves and their children, with the gaps between the two likely to increase even more in the future.

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