Effect of Discharge Samples on Duration of Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Claibourne I. Dungy ◽  
Jay Christensen-Szalanski ◽  
Mary Losch ◽  
Daniel Russell
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Pump ◽  
Nighttime Feeding

The breast-feeding patterns of 146 women who initiated breast-feeding during their hospital stay were evaluated to determine whether those women who received a hospital discharge package containing a manual breast pump breast-fed their infants for a longer period of time than did women who received a discharge package containing an infant formula. Women were randomly assigned to receive either a specially prepared pack containing a manual breast pump but no infant formula or a commercially available infant formula package. The women were interviewed in the hospital and by computer-assisted telephone interviews at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postdischarge. Information obtained included infant-feeding practices, sociodemographic characteristics, and attitudinal data. Follow-up interviews were completed for nearly 85% of eligible women at each time period. Women who received a discharge pack containing a breast pump but no infant formula continued exclusive breast-feeding for a greater number of weeks (mean = 4.18 weeks) than did women receiving infant formula in their discharge package (mean = 2.78 weeks) (P < .05). Also, women who indicated that ease of nighttime feeding was an important consideration were more likely to breast-feed over the entire 8-week period if they received the breast pump rather than infant formula (P < .05). The conclusion is that an easily implemented, low-cost intervention, the inclusion of a breast pump in discharge packages, may increase the duration of breast-feeding.

scholarly journals Who Gets Lost, and What Difference Does It Make? Mixed Modes, Nonresponse Follow-up Surveys and the Estimation of Turnout

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas C Goldberg ◽  
Pascal Sciarini
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Politically Active

Abstract This article assesses whether—and to what extent—turnout bias in postelection surveys is reduced by adding a short nonresponse follow-up (NRFU) survey to a mixed-mode survey. Specifically, we examine how the NRFU survey influences response propensities across demographic groups and political factors and whether this affects data quality. We use a rich dataset on validated voter turnout data, collected across two different ballots. In addition to the main survey that comprises computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) and web respondents, both studies include a short follow-up mail survey for nonrespondents. The results demonstrate that collecting extra information from additional respondents on so-called “central” questions is worth the effort. In both studies, the NRFU survey substantially increases representativeness with respect to sociodemographic and participation variables. In particular, voters and politically active citizens are more accurately represented in the NRFU survey. This tends to result in better estimates of turnout determinants in the final (combined) sample than is seen from CATI/web respondents only. Moreover, the increase in response rate and the decrease in nonresponse bias comes at almost no price in terms of measurement errors. Vote overreporting is only slightly higher in the mail follow-up survey than in the main CATI/web survey.

The sleeper effect of perceived insufficient milk supply in US mothers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mackenzie DM Whipps ◽  
Jill R Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Insufficient Milk ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objective: To test whether perception of insufficient milk (PIM) supply in the breast-feeding relationship of one child predicts how long mothers breast-feed subsequent children, and whether this association differs for first-time mothers v. mothers with previous children. Design: Secondary analysis of Infant Feeding Practices Study II (ordinary least squares regression) and Year 6 follow-up. Setting: Mailed, self-report survey of US mother–infant dyads, 2005–2012. Participants: Women pregnant with a singleton were recruited from a consumer opinion panel. Exclusion criteria included: mother age <18; infant born <5 lbs, born before 35 weeks or with extended NICU stay, and mother or infant diagnosed with condition that impacts feeding. A subsample with PIM data (n 1460) was analysed. Results: We found that women who weaned because of PIM with the index child stopped breast-feeding 5·7 weeks earlier than those who weaned due to other reasons (4·9 weeks earlier for multiparas, P < 0·001; 7·1 weeks earlier for primiparas, P < 0·001). Using Year 6 follow-up data (n 350), we found subsequent child 1 weaned 9·2 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a multipara (P = 0·020) and 10·6 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a primipara (P = 0·019). For subsequent child 2 (n 78), the magnitude of association was even larger, although insignificant due to low power. Conclusions: These findings indicate that PIM may carry forward in the reproductive life course, especially for first-time mothers. Perceptions of breast milk insufficiency and contributors to actual inadequate milk supply with the first child should be targeted, rather than intervening later in the reproductive life course.

scholarly journals Automated and Interviewer-Administered Mobile Phone Surveys in Burkina Faso: Sociodemographic Differences Among Female Mobile Phone Survey Respondents and Nonrespondents (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R Greenleaf ◽  
Aliou Gadiaga ◽  
Yoonjoung Choi ◽  
Georges Guiella ◽  
Shani Turke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Voice Response

BACKGROUND The remarkable growth of cell phone ownership in low- and middle-income countries has generated significant interest in using cell phones for conducting surveys through computer-assisted telephone interviews, live interviewer-administered surveys, or automated surveys (ie, interactive voice response). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare, by mode, the sociodemographic characteristics of cell phone owners who completed a follow-up phone survey with those who did not complete the survey. METHODS The study was based on a nationally representative sample of women aged 15 to 49 years who reported cell phone ownership during a household survey in Burkina Faso in 2016. Female cell phone owners were randomized to participate in a computer-assisted telephone interview or hybrid interactive voice response follow-up phone survey 11 months after baseline interviews. Completion of the phone survey was defined as participants responding to more than 50% of questions in the phone survey. We investigated sociodemographic characteristics associated with cell phone survey completion using multivariable logistic regression models, stratifying the analysis by survey mode and by directly comparing computer-assisted telephone interview and hybrid interactive voice response respondents. RESULTS A total of 1766 women were called for the phone survey between November 5 and 17, 2017. In both the computer-assisted telephone interview and hybrid interactive voice response samples, women in urban communities and women with secondary education or higher were more likely to complete the survey than their rural and less-educated counterparts. Compared directly, women who completed the hybrid interactive voice response survey had higher odds of having a secondary education than those who completed computer-assisted telephone interviews (odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6). CONCLUSIONS In Burkina Faso, computer-assisted telephone interviews are the preferred method of conducting cell phone surveys owing to less sample distortion and a higher response rate compared with a hybrid interactive voice response survey.

scholarly journals Who do phone surveys miss, and how to reduce exclusion: recommendations from phone surveys in nine Indian states

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (Suppl 5) ◽  
pp. e005610
Author(s):  
Karan Nagpal ◽  
Mitali Roy Mathur ◽  
Abhilash Biswas ◽  
Andrew Fraker
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Population Statistics ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Response Errors

Computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) through mobile phones are a low-cost, rapid and safe way to collect data. However, decisions for how such mobile phone surveys are designed and implemented, and their data analysed, can have implications for the sample reached, and in turn affect the generalisability of sample estimates. In this practice paper, we propose a framework for extending the use of CATI–mobile phone surveys in India, which can be applied broadly to future surveys conducted using this method. Across the stages of design, implementation and analysis, we outline challenges in ensuring that the data collected through such surveys are representative and provide recommendations for reducing non-coverage and non-response errors, thereby enabling practitioners in India to use CATI–mobile phone surveys to estimate population statistics with lower bias. We support our analysis by drawing on primary data that we collected in five mobile phone surveys across nine Indian states in 2020. Our recommendations can help practitioners in India improve the representativeness of data collected through mobile phone surveys and generate more accurate estimates.

STATISTICAL REPORT ON INCIDENCE AND DURATION OF BREAST FEEDING IN RELATION TO PERSONAL-SOCIAL AND HOSPITAL MATERNITY FACTORS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-715
Author(s):  
Edith B. Jackson ◽  
Louise C. Wilkin ◽  
Harry Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Statistical Report ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Haven Hospital

The incidence of breast feeding at the New Haven Hospital (University Service) and the discontinuance of nursing during the puerperium is reported for a 10-year period (1942 through 1951), with a review of the literature over this decade. The incidence of breast feeding at the New Haven Hospital declined sharply from 81.9 per cent in 1942 to 48.9 per cent in 1946, with a tendency to level off after a slight rise in 1947. There was a significant increase in per cent of mothers who stopped breast feeding in the hospital at a time (1942 through 1944) when a significant decrease in per cent of mothers starting to breast feed was occurring. On comparing the proportion of discontinuance between rooming-in and nursery (non-rooming-in) mothers (1947 through 1949) a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups, the rooming-in group showing less cessation of nursing during the hospital period. In follow-up studies of the duration of breast feeding of the rooming-in and nursery mothers (1947 through 1949) the average duration between the two groups shows a significant difference in each of the years studied; the 3-year averages for the two groups likewise show a statistically significant difference, the rooming-in mothers nursing longer. The average duration within either group does not differ significantly from year to year. On relating incidence and duration of breast feeding to difficulty of labor, as rated from hospital records during 1949, it was found that time incidence of breast feeding decreases with the increasing difficulty of labor.

scholarly journals Computer-assisted craniometric evaluation for diagnosis and follow-up of craniofacial asymmetries: SymMetric v. 1.0

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Joaquim Lopes Alho ◽  
Carlo Rondinoni ◽  
Fabio Okuda Furokawa ◽  
Bernardo A. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Positional Plagiocephaly ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Clear Differentiation

AbstractPurposeThe current assessment of patients with craniofacial asymmetries is accomplished by physical examination, anamnesis and radiological imaging.We propose a semi-automated, computer-assisted craniofacial evaluation (SymMetric v 1.0) based on orthogonal photography of the patient’s head in 3 positions. The system is simple, low-cost, no-radiation or special resources needed. Although it does not substitute CT in cases of doubt between craniosynostosis and positional plagiocephaly, multiple numeric evaluations indicate regional deformities and severity of the asymmetry, which can help in the clinical decision of indicating or not the orthosis in positional deformities, determining treatment duration or evaluating surgical outcomes after correction.MethodsA Matlab-based tool was developed for digital processing of photographs taken in 3 positions (anterior, superior and lateral). The software guides the user to select visible and reproducible landmarks in each photograph acquisition and calculates multiple indexes and metrics, generating a set of comprehensive plots to offer the user an overview of head and facial symmetry across the orthogonal views. For purposes of demonstration, we evaluated 2 patients (one control and one with non-sinostotic deformity).ResultsThe results show a clear differentiation of the control and plagiocephalic patient metrics mainly in the superior view, showing potential for diagnosis of the condition, and also detected the clinical improvement during helmet treatment in the follow-up, 3 and 5 months after orthosis’ use.ConclusionWe presented a proof-of-concept for a low cost, no radiation evaluation system for craniofacial asymmetries, that can be useful in a clinical context for diagnosis and follow-up of patients.

Discharge Milk Samples

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-518
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN G. AUERBACH
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Human Lactation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Pump

To the Editor.— The work of Dungy et al (Effect of Discharge Samples on Duration of Breast-feeding. Pediatrics. 1992;90:233-237) adds to our knowledge of the complexities of human lactation and breast-feeding behavior. It also raises several questions, including the following: 1. Why were six women who were practicing mixed feeding in the hospital included with the rest of the sample, all of whom were characterized as exclusively breast-feeding? 2. What were the mothers' plans pertaining to employment1 with regard to their plans to breast-feed exclusively or partially; to use a bottle for night feedings; and to use a breast pump? 3. Which breast pump was provided? Some baby milk manufacturers distribute breast pumps.

scholarly journals Automated and Interviewer-Administered Mobile Phone Surveys in Burkina Faso: Sociodemographic Differences Among Female Mobile Phone Survey Respondents and Nonrespondents

10.2196/17891 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e17891
Author(s):  
Abigail R Greenleaf ◽  
Aliou Gadiaga ◽  
Yoonjoung Choi ◽  
Georges Guiella ◽  
Shani Turke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Voice Response

Background The remarkable growth of cell phone ownership in low- and middle-income countries has generated significant interest in using cell phones for conducting surveys through computer-assisted telephone interviews, live interviewer-administered surveys, or automated surveys (ie, interactive voice response). Objective This study aimed to compare, by mode, the sociodemographic characteristics of cell phone owners who completed a follow-up phone survey with those who did not complete the survey. Methods The study was based on a nationally representative sample of women aged 15 to 49 years who reported cell phone ownership during a household survey in Burkina Faso in 2016. Female cell phone owners were randomized to participate in a computer-assisted telephone interview or hybrid interactive voice response follow-up phone survey 11 months after baseline interviews. Completion of the phone survey was defined as participants responding to more than 50% of questions in the phone survey. We investigated sociodemographic characteristics associated with cell phone survey completion using multivariable logistic regression models, stratifying the analysis by survey mode and by directly comparing computer-assisted telephone interview and hybrid interactive voice response respondents. Results A total of 1766 women were called for the phone survey between November 5 and 17, 2017. In both the computer-assisted telephone interview and hybrid interactive voice response samples, women in urban communities and women with secondary education or higher were more likely to complete the survey than their rural and less-educated counterparts. Compared directly, women who completed the hybrid interactive voice response survey had higher odds of having a secondary education than those who completed computer-assisted telephone interviews (odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6). Conclusions In Burkina Faso, computer-assisted telephone interviews are the preferred method of conducting cell phone surveys owing to less sample distortion and a higher response rate compared with a hybrid interactive voice response survey.

Hospital Influences on Early Infant-Feeding Practices

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-879
Author(s):  
Michael I. Reiff ◽  
Susan M. Essock-Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Breast Feed

Newborn nursery nursing staff members were surveyed to determine their attitudes and teaching practices regarding breast- and bottle-feeding. Concurrently, mothers using this nursery responded to a structured interview concerning their infant-feeding practices at 14 to 21 days postpartum and possible hospital influences on these practices. The nursing staff strongly advocated breast-feeding and did not favor specific bottle-feeding practices or products. Nursing staff counseling was generally interpreted by mothers as supporting breast-feeding, but this did not deter a large proportion of mothers who stated an initial preference for breast-feeding from introducing formula as a supplementary or exclusive form of infant feeding during the short study period. Almost all mothers doing any amount of bottle-feeding at the time of their interview were using the same formula brand and a ready-to-feed preparation used during their hospital stay. Other influences on mother's infant-feeding patterns are discussed. It is concluded that the hospital staff and routines exerted a stronger influence on mothers's infant-feeding practices by nonverbal teaching (the hospital "modeling" of infant formula products) than by verbal teaching (counseling supporting breast-feeding). Future studies might explore new ways of supporting mothers who desire to breast-feed by designing innovative hospital routines to model breast-feeding rather than feeding by infant formula.

Follow-up or Weaning Formulas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1067
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk

A high level of success in infant nutrition has been achieved in the United States by breast-feeding as preferred, or by feeding with iron-fortified infant formulas. Minor controversies about feeding choices occur when infants are weaned from an all liquid diet to one containing a variety of solid foods. Weaning is not a single event but a process that takes place throughout a number of months, beginning optimally between 4 and 6 months of age. The nutritional objective is to achieve a varied diet with approximately 35% to 50% of energy coming from sources other than breast milk or infant formula. Variety remains the key to the diet, particularly for infants older than 6 months of age. Solid food must provide an adequate source of iron, trace minerals, and vitamins to replace and supplement those in that portion of breast milk or formula removed from the diet. Breast milk and fortified infant formula continue to be optimal for the milk segment of the diet during the second 6 months of life. The mother may choose to stop breast-feeding for a variety of reasons, however. The Committee on Nutrition has indicated that cow's milk could be substituted in the second 6 months of age provided that (1) the amount of milk calories consumed does not exceed 65% of total calories and (2) the solid food portion of the diet replace the iron and vitamins deficient in cow's milk. Recently "follow-up" feedings (formulas) have been marketed in the United States as they have been in Europe for many years.

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