STATISTICAL REPORT ON INCIDENCE AND DURATION OF BREAST FEEDING IN RELATION TO PERSONAL-SOCIAL AND HOSPITAL MATERNITY FACTORS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-715
Author(s):  
Edith B. Jackson ◽  
Louise C. Wilkin ◽  
Harry Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Statistical Report ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Haven Hospital

The incidence of breast feeding at the New Haven Hospital (University Service) and the discontinuance of nursing during the puerperium is reported for a 10-year period (1942 through 1951), with a review of the literature over this decade. The incidence of breast feeding at the New Haven Hospital declined sharply from 81.9 per cent in 1942 to 48.9 per cent in 1946, with a tendency to level off after a slight rise in 1947. There was a significant increase in per cent of mothers who stopped breast feeding in the hospital at a time (1942 through 1944) when a significant decrease in per cent of mothers starting to breast feed was occurring. On comparing the proportion of discontinuance between rooming-in and nursery (non-rooming-in) mothers (1947 through 1949) a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups, the rooming-in group showing less cessation of nursing during the hospital period. In follow-up studies of the duration of breast feeding of the rooming-in and nursery mothers (1947 through 1949) the average duration between the two groups shows a significant difference in each of the years studied; the 3-year averages for the two groups likewise show a statistically significant difference, the rooming-in mothers nursing longer. The average duration within either group does not differ significantly from year to year. On relating incidence and duration of breast feeding to difficulty of labor, as rated from hospital records during 1949, it was found that time incidence of breast feeding decreases with the increasing difficulty of labor.

The sleeper effect of perceived insufficient milk supply in US mothers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mackenzie DM Whipps ◽  
Jill R Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Insufficient Milk ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objective: To test whether perception of insufficient milk (PIM) supply in the breast-feeding relationship of one child predicts how long mothers breast-feed subsequent children, and whether this association differs for first-time mothers v. mothers with previous children. Design: Secondary analysis of Infant Feeding Practices Study II (ordinary least squares regression) and Year 6 follow-up. Setting: Mailed, self-report survey of US mother–infant dyads, 2005–2012. Participants: Women pregnant with a singleton were recruited from a consumer opinion panel. Exclusion criteria included: mother age <18; infant born <5 lbs, born before 35 weeks or with extended NICU stay, and mother or infant diagnosed with condition that impacts feeding. A subsample with PIM data (n 1460) was analysed. Results: We found that women who weaned because of PIM with the index child stopped breast-feeding 5·7 weeks earlier than those who weaned due to other reasons (4·9 weeks earlier for multiparas, P < 0·001; 7·1 weeks earlier for primiparas, P < 0·001). Using Year 6 follow-up data (n 350), we found subsequent child 1 weaned 9·2 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a multipara (P = 0·020) and 10·6 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a primipara (P = 0·019). For subsequent child 2 (n 78), the magnitude of association was even larger, although insignificant due to low power. Conclusions: These findings indicate that PIM may carry forward in the reproductive life course, especially for first-time mothers. Perceptions of breast milk insufficiency and contributors to actual inadequate milk supply with the first child should be targeted, rather than intervening later in the reproductive life course.

Surgery and endovenous techniques for the treatment of small saphenous varicose veins: a review of the literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Tellings ◽  
R P M Ceulen ◽  
A Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Minimally Invasive Techniques ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
All Treatment

In 15% of all patients, varicosis is caused by insufficiency of the small saphenous vein (SSV). In the past it was common to entirely remove the SSV by surgical procedure; however, recently minimally invasive techniques have taken over a significant number of varicose vein treatments. The aim of this paper is a review of the literature of all treatment modalities of the insufficient SSV. The search aimed to identify all papers published describing one or more treatments for SSV insufficiency. International literature databases were searched through for articles eligible for this review. Articles describing one or more treatment techniques for SSV insufficiency were eligible for this review. Also studies describing SSV as well as greater saphenous vein were included as long as they made a clear distinction in their results between the two groups. Studies were excluded if they did not use ultrasound examination to qualify outcome, as this is the golden standard to evaluate venous insufficiency. Seventeen articles were included in this review. Five articles on surgical treatment showed success rates varying from 24% to 100% (follow-up 1.5–60 months). Ten articles on endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) showed success rates varying from 91% to 100% (follow-up 1.5–36 months). Two articles on ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) showed success rates varying from 82% to 100% (follow-up 1.5–11 months). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference ( P < 0.05) in success rate of 47.8% versus 94.9% for surgery and EVLA/UGFS, respectively. Most complications for all treatment techniques were mild and self-limiting. Rates of deep venous thrombosis were not described often and in the articles that mentioned it, varied from 1.8% to 3.5% (surgery) and 2.5–5.7% for EVLA. In the absence of large, comparative randomized clinical trials, minimally invasive techniques appear to have a tendency towards better results than surgery, in the treatment of the insufficient SSV.

DISI DEFORMITY AND POST-OPERATIVE SYMPTOMS OF SCAPHOID NON-UNION

Hand Surgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wada ◽  
M. Aoki ◽  
M. Usui ◽  
S. Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Bone Screw ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corticocancellous Bone Grafting

The correlation between the residual dorsal intercalated segmental instability (DISI) deformity and symptoms of the wrist was investigated in 20 patients with healed scaphoid non-union who had open reduction and bone grafting. In seven patients, inlay corticocancellous bone grafting (modified Russe procedure) was performed. In four of the seven patients, an additional Herbert bone screw was used for internal fixation. The remaining 13 patients were treated with open reduction, anterior bone grafting, and internal fixation with Herbert bone screw. Average duration of follow-up period after operation was 20 months (range, 6 to 57 months). The average extension-flexion arc of the injured wrists was 129°, which was 31° less than that of the uninjured wrists. The average grip strength of the injured wrists was 89% of that of the uninjured wrist. Before the operation, all 20 patients were symptomatic and complained of wrist pains. Post-operatively, three patients experienced mild pains and only one complained of moderate wrist pains. Post-operative radiolunate angle ranged from 0° to 34° (average 10°). DISI deformity remained uncorrected in eight patients. Post-operative symptoms were compared amongst the eight patients who had DISI deformity and 12 patients who had no deformity. There was no significant difference in range of motion, grip strength, and incidence of pain between these two groups of patients. The presence of DISI deformity after bone grafting for a symptomatic scaphoid non-union was not predictive of post-operative symptoms of the wrist.

Sequence of Radiotherapy With Tamoxifen in Conservatively Managed Breast Cancer Does Not Affect Local Relapse Rates

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Ahn ◽  
Ha Thanh Vu ◽  
Donald Lannin ◽  
Edward Obedian ◽  
Michael P. DiGiovanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
Local Relapse ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Haven Hospital ◽  
Free Rate

Purpose To evaluate whether the sequencing of tamoxifen (TAM) relative to radiation (RT) affects outcome in breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery (CS) plus RT (lumpectomy with RT). Methods Between 1976 and 1999, 1,649 patients with stage I or II breast cancer were treated with CS plus RT at Yale-New Haven Hospital (New Haven, CT). TAM was administered to 500 patients. The timing of TAM relative to RT was documented for each patient. Of the 500 patients, the timing of TAM was unclear in five patients, was administered concurrently with RT in 254 patients (CON-TAM), and was administered sequentially after completion of RT in 241 patients (SEQ-TAM). Results There were no differences between the CON-TAM and SEQ-TAM group in T stage, estrogen and progesterone status, nodal status, histology, or margin status. The CON-TAM group was slightly older than the SEQ-TAM group (62 v 58 years) and received chemotherapy in addition to TAM less frequently (14% v 38%). As of September 2002, with a median follow-up of 10.0 years, there were no significant differences between the CON-TAM and SEQ-TAM groups in overall survival (84% v 82%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.234; 95% CI, 0.42 to 2.05; P = .45), distant–metastasis-free rate (82% v 78%; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.89 to 2.68; P = .12), ipsilateral breast-relapse–free rate (90% v 86%; HR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.42 to 2.05; P = .86), or contralateral breast-relapse–free rate (95% v 93%; HR, 0.892; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.48; P = .66). Conclusion Although the concurrent use of TAM with RT may theoretically render cancer cells less responsive to RT, this retrospective study suggests that in practical application, concurrent administration of TAM with RT does not compromise local control.

scholarly journals Breast Feeding Remains a Strong Protection against Infant Infections.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Shagufta Sohail ◽  
Kaneez Fatima ◽  
Noshina Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breast feeding prevents infections in infants. Those who are partially or never breast-fed and receiving bottle feeds are at higher risk of infections as compared to exclusive breast-fed infants. The objectives of this study were to record the effect of exclusive breast feeding versus partial and never breast feeding on infections in infants and also to find an association of infection with type of feed, gestation and vaccination status in infants till six months of age.Material and Methods: A total of 500 Infants were included in this cross-sectional study. Information regarding pattern of feeding and infections was obtained by verbal interview of mother and the questionnaire was filled by the study physician. The outcome evaluated was infections in infants till one year of age. Categorical comparisons were made using chi square test. A ‘p’ value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 500 infants, 59.4% were males. About 59.6% were exclusively breast-fed till 6 months of age, 31.2% were partially breast-fed and 9.2% were never breast-fed. In exclusively breast-fed group, 29.5% infants reported infections as compared to 40.4% in partial breast-fed group and 65.2% in never breast-fed infants (P < 0.000). Similarly, 40.6% of infants in exclusively breast-fed group, 55.1% in partial breast feed and 58.7% in the never breast-fed reported infections in 4-6 months of age, which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in infection rates among the three study groups in 7-9 (P=0.192) and 10 -12 months (P=0.42) of age.Conclusions: Exclusive breast feeding till six months of age significantly reduces the risk of infections in infancy.

scholarly journals No Benefits of Combining Proximal Row Carpectomy With PIN Neurectomy for Wrist Disorders—A Comparative Study With Systematic Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Mesut Tahta ◽  
Yener Aydin ◽  
Firat Erpala ◽  
Mehmet Yildiz ◽  
Izge Gunal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Proximal Row Carpectomy ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Group 2

Background: Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) resection in combination with proximal row carpectomy (PRC), is a preferred method in order to obtain rapid recovery. However, the contribution of such combination to results isn’t known well. Objectives: We performed a comparative study to evaluate the effects of PIN neurectomy for PRC and a systematic review of the literature was performed to identify whether such combination has an advantage. Methods: Patients with wrist diseases who underwent PRC were evaluated retrospectively. Patients without PIN neurectomy (group 1, n = 7) and with PIN neurectomy (group 2, n = 8) were compared in respect of mean age, follow-up, gender, Q-DASH, VAS, MAYO wrist scores, flexion–extension/radial–ulnar deviation range of motion at final follow-up. The MEDLINE database was searched for studies published between 2005 and 2015, as the second part of the study. The following keywords were used: “proximal,” “row,” “carpectomy.” Studies, which met the inclusion criteria, were evaluated in terms of such combination. Results: There were no significant difference between the groups in regard with age ( P = .463), follow-up period ( P = .728), the ranges of flexion–extension ( P = .431) and radio–ulnar deviation ( P = .689), Q-DASH ( P = .452), and MAYO scores ( P = .728). In the second part of the study, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and none of them was specifically evaluating such combination. Only one study had specific comments on PRC with PIN neurectomy. Conclusion: According to our study (which, to our knowledge, was the first comparative study in the literature), we advocate not to combine PRC with PIN neurectomy for such an approach has no advantage.

Effect of Discharge Samples on Duration of Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Claibourne I. Dungy ◽  
Jay Christensen-Szalanski ◽  
Mary Losch ◽  
Daniel Russell
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Pump ◽  
Nighttime Feeding

The breast-feeding patterns of 146 women who initiated breast-feeding during their hospital stay were evaluated to determine whether those women who received a hospital discharge package containing a manual breast pump breast-fed their infants for a longer period of time than did women who received a discharge package containing an infant formula. Women were randomly assigned to receive either a specially prepared pack containing a manual breast pump but no infant formula or a commercially available infant formula package. The women were interviewed in the hospital and by computer-assisted telephone interviews at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postdischarge. Information obtained included infant-feeding practices, sociodemographic characteristics, and attitudinal data. Follow-up interviews were completed for nearly 85% of eligible women at each time period. Women who received a discharge pack containing a breast pump but no infant formula continued exclusive breast-feeding for a greater number of weeks (mean = 4.18 weeks) than did women receiving infant formula in their discharge package (mean = 2.78 weeks) (P &lt; .05). Also, women who indicated that ease of nighttime feeding was an important consideration were more likely to breast-feed over the entire 8-week period if they received the breast pump rather than infant formula (P &lt; .05). The conclusion is that an easily implemented, low-cost intervention, the inclusion of a breast pump in discharge packages, may increase the duration of breast-feeding.

Relationship between Thyroglobulin and Tumor Detectabilily with Thallium-201 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Müller ◽  
Ch. Reiners ◽  
A. Bockisch ◽  
Katja Brandt-Mainz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tsh Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tumor Scintigraphy ◽  
Tsh Stimulation

Summary Aim: Tumor scintigraphy with 201-TICI is an established diagnostic method in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. We investigated the relationship between thyroglobulin (Tg) level and tumor detectability. Subject and methods: We analyzed the scans of 122 patients (66 patients with proven tumor). The patient population was divided into groups with Tg above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression or above (N = 33) and below (N = 33) 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. Tumor detectability was compared by ROC-analysis (True-Positive-Fraction test, specificity 90%). Results: There was no significant difference (sensitivity 75% versus 64%; p = 0.55) for patients above and below 5 ng/ml under TSH suppression and a just significant difference (sensitivity 80% versus 58%; p = 0.04) for patients above and below 50 ng/ml under TSH stimulation. In 18 patients from our sample with tumor, Tg under TSH suppression was negative, but 201-TICI-scan was able to detect tumor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate only a moderate dependence of tumor detectability on Tg level, probably without significant clinical relevance. Even in patients with slight Tg elevation 201-TICI scintigraphy is justified.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

Melatih Kepemimpinan Perangkat Desa Kebonharjo Kulonprogo: Membangun Sikap Anti Korupsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Adi Heryadi ◽  
Evianawati Evianawati
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Measuring Tool

This study aims to prove whether transformational leadership training is effective for building anti-corruption attitudes of villages in Kebonharjo village, subdistrict Samigaluh Kulonprogo. This research is an experimental research with one group pre and posttest design.Subject design is 17 people from village of 21 candidates registered. Measuring tool used in this research is the scale of anti-corruption perception made by the researcher referring to the 9 anti-corruption values with the value of reliability coefficient of 0.871. The module used as an intervention made by the researcher refers to the transformational leadership dimension (Bass, 1990). The data collected is analyzed by statistical analysis of different test Paired Sample Test. Initial data collection results obtained sign value of 0.770 which means> 0.05 or no significant difference between anti-corruption perception score between before and after training. After a period of less than 1 (one) month then conducted again the measurement of follow-up of the study subjects in the measurement again using the scale of anti-corruption perception. The results of the second data collection were analysed with Paired Samples Test and obtained the value of 0.623 sign meaning p> 0.05 or no significant difference between post test data with follow-up data so that the hypothesis of this study was rejected.

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