Asthma: Predisposing Factors

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-127
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Before the development of any respiratory illness, 124 healthy infants had their lung function assessed. Infants in the lowest third subsequently had a wheezing illness nearly four times the rate of the others. The authors "postulate that the differences in lung function found after lower respiratory illness in infancy may be due, at least in part, to differences in lung function that were present before the illness occurred." The authors speculate that endogenous airway hyperresponsiveness may predispose infants. But other data do not demonstrate a good correlation between infant airway hyperresponsiveness and lung function tests. The authors conclude that the structure of airways may predispose some infants to wheezing in association with viral respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Elderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Susan Wieland ◽  
Vanessa Piechotta ◽  
Termeh Feinberg ◽  
Emilie Ludeman ◽  
Brian Hutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Elderberry has traditionally been used to prevent and treat respiratory problems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been interest in elderberry supplements to treat or prevent illness, but also concern that elderberry might overstimulate the immune system and increase the risk of ‘cytokine storm’. We aimed to determine benefits and harms of elderberry for the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections, and to assess the relationship between elderberry supplements and negative health impacts associated with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods We conducted a systematic review and searched six databases, four research registers, and two preprint sites for studies. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data from studies, assessed risk of bias using Cochrane tools, and evaluated certainty of estimates using GRADE. Outcomes included new illnesses and the severity and duration of illness. Results We screened 1187 records and included five randomized trials on elderberry for the treatment or prevention of viral respiratory illness. We did not find any studies linking elderberry to clinical inflammatory outcomes. However, we found three studies measuring production of cytokines ex vivo after ingestion of elderberry. Elderberry may not reduce the risk of developing the common cold; it may reduce the duration and severity of colds, but the evidence is uncertain. Elderberry may reduce the duration of influenza but the evidence is uncertain. Compared to oseltamivir, an elderberry-containing product may be associated with a lower risk of influenza complications and adverse events. We did not find evidence on elderberry and clinical outcomes related to inflammation. However, we found evidence that elderberry has some effect on inflammatory markers, although this effect may decline with ongoing supplementation. One small study compared elderberry to diclofenac (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and provided some evidence that elderberry is as effective or less effective than diclofenac in cytokine reduction over time. Conclusions Elderberry may be a safe option for treating viral respiratory illness, and there is no evidence that it overstimulates the immune system. However, the evidence on both benefits and harms is uncertain and information from recent and ongoing studies is necessary to make firm conclusions.

scholarly journals Guidelines for preventing respiratory illness in older adults aged 60 years and above living in long-term care

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rios ◽  
Amruta Radhakrishnan ◽  
Sonia M. Thomas ◽  
Nazia Darvesh ◽  
Sharon E. Straus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe overall objective of this rapid review was to identify infection protection and control recommendations from published clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for adults aged 60 years and older in long-term care settingsMethodsComprehensive searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and relevant CPG publishers/repositories were carried out in early March 2020. Title/abstract and full-text screening, data abstraction, and quality appraisal (AGREE-II) were carried out by single reviewers.ResultsA total of 17 relevant CPGs were identified, published in the USA (n=8), Canada (n=6), Australia (n=2), and the United Kingdom (n=1). All of the CPGs dealt with infection control in long-term care facilities (LTCF) and addressed various types of viral respiratory infections (e.g., influenza, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome). Ten or more CPGs recommended the following infection control measures in LTCF: hand hygiene (n=13), wearing personal protective equipment (n=13), social distancing or isolation (n=13), disinfecting surfaces (n=12), droplet precautions (n=12), surveillance and evaluation (n=11), and using diagnostic testing to confirm illness (n=10). While only two or more CPGs recommended these infection control measures: policies and procedures for visitors, staff and/or residents (n=9), respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette (n=9), providing supplies (n=9), staff and/or residents education (n=8), increasing communication (n=6), consulting or notifying health professionals (n=6), appropriate ventilation practices (n=2), and cohorting equipment (n=2). Ten CPGs also addressed management of viral respiratory infections in LTCF and recommended antiviral chemoprophylaxis (n=10) and one CPG recommended early mobilization of residents.ConclusionThe recommendations from current guidelines overall seem to support environmental measures for infection prevention and antiviral chemoprophylaxis for infection management as the most appropriate first-line response to viral respiratory illness in long-term care.

A Review on Functions of Rakt Dhatu and Prana Vayu to Establish Lung Function Capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Vishal Shamrao Patil ◽  
Dr. (Mrs.) Manisha V. Bhalsing
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Forced Breathing

Lung function tests are useful in assessing the functional status of Respiratory system in both in physiological as well as pathological conditions. These are based on the measurement of volume of air breathed in and out in quite breathing & forced breathing. Air in lungs is classified in to two divisions’ lung volumes & lung capacities. Lung Capacities are the combination of two or more lung volumes. The concept of Rakt Dhatu & Vayu is important in case of respiration because Charaka says that pure blood provides the person with strength, luster & happy life because vital breath follows blood. It represents mechanism of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood & its relation with functioning capacity of Lungs. So In this article attempt has been made to review concepts regarding functions of Rakt Dhatu & Vayu to Establish Lung Function Capacity.

scholarly journals The lung–gut axis during viral respiratory infections: the impact of gut dysbiosis on secondary disease outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Sencio ◽  
Marina Gomes Machado ◽  
François Trottein
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractBacteria that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract are essential for good health. The gut microbiota has a critical role in pulmonary immunity and host’s defense against viral respiratory infections. The gut microbiota’s composition and function can be profoundly affected in many disease settings, including acute infections, and these changes can aggravate the severity of the disease. Here, we discuss mechanisms by which the gut microbiota arms the lung to control viral respiratory infections. We summarize the impact of viral respiratory infections on the gut microbiota and discuss the potential mechanisms leading to alterations of gut microbiota’s composition and functions. We also discuss the effects of gut microbial imbalance on disease outcomes, including gastrointestinal disorders and secondary bacterial infections. Lastly, we discuss the potential role of the lung–gut axis in coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mitigation strategies were associated with decreases in other respiratory virus infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinha Pranay ◽  
Katherine Reifler ◽  
Michael Rossi ◽  
Manish Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Detection of diverse respiratory viruses in Boston was around 80% lower after practices were instituted to limit COVID-19 spread compared to the same time period during the previous five years. Continuing the strategies that lower COVID-19 dissemination may be useful in decreasing the incidence of other viral respiratory infections.

Surfactant protein D as a marker for pulmonary complications in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: Relation to lung function tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza A. Tantawy ◽  
Amira A. Adly ◽  
Fatma S. E. Ebeid ◽  
Eman A. Ismail ◽  
Mahitab M. Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Surfactant Protein D ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Function Tests
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