Hemoptysis in Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
Paul Pianosi ◽  
Hammad Al-sadoon
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Massive Hemoptysis ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Life Threatening

Definition Hemoptysis is defined as coughing up of blood or the presence of blood in sputum. It is not a common symptom in children and although not usually life-threatening, it can become so. Massive hemoptysis is defined as bleeding that exceeds 8 mL/kg per 24 hours. Because children younger than 6 years of age tend to swallow their sputum, they rarely present with hemoptysis, unless the bleeding is substantial. Epidemiology and Etiology Causes of hemoptysis in children are listed in Table 1. Acute lower respiratory tract infection is the single most common cause, accounting for approximately 40% of cases. Hemoptysis that ranges from blood-tinged sputum to massive quantities of blood in the sputum is relatively common among those who have cystic fibrosis (CF). Massive hemoptysis is estimated to occur in 5% of CF patients, but approximately 1% will have mild hemoptysis every year, most commonly among those who are older than 18 years. In bronchiectasis due to causes other than CF, the incidence of hemoptysis is approximately 10% to 15%. Foreign body aspiration remains a leading cause of hemoptysis in children, with the majority of cases occurring in those younger than 4 years of age. Hemoptysis seldom is encountered in those who have primary pulmonary tuberculosis; it is estimated to occur in fewer than 1% of cases.

scholarly journals Risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection associated with tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhi Lin ◽  
Rongrong Wu ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Jing Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Logistics Regression ◽  
Tracheobronchial Foreign Body

Background: Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration (TFBA) is a major cause of death in children. There are few reports about lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by TFBA. This study collected the TFBA in our hospital to analyze the LRTI and to determine its risk factors. Methods: A total of 194 children who were performed TFBA extraction in The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between June 2019 and April 2020 were enrolled. The clinical data, cervicothoracic CT and operation records were collected. Chi-square test, rank sum test and multivariate logistics regression analysis were applied. Results: The incidence of LRTI was 46.6%, 68.6% and 68.6% respectively when retention time was within 24 hours, 1 week and more than 1 week. Cervicothoracic CT showed embedding site in and above trachea in 24 cases, in main bronchus in 134 cases, in segmental bronchus and below in 36 cases. Cervicothoracic CT showed no obvious abnormality in 60 cases, obstructive emphysema or atelectasis in 77 cases, obstructive pneumonia in 50 cases, and the rest in 7 cases. Cervicothoracic CT diagnosis and retention time of TFBA were different between LRTI group and non-LRTI group in univariate analysis. There was a correlation between the retention time of TFBA and LRTI in multivariate logistics regression analysis. Conclusionss: The incidence of LRTI caused by TFBA is high. There was no difference in the incidence of LRTI between organic and inorganic TFBA. The retention time of TFBA is an independent risk factor for LRTI.

Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as suspected foreign body aspiration

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Irving ◽  
A. Richards ◽  
E. W. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Friable Material ◽  
Preoperative Chest

AbstractTuberculosis is a disease of protean manifestations, and despite a falling incidence is still prevalent in our society.We present a case of a child whose history and preoperative chest radiograph suggested the presence of a foreign body, but subsequent examination of the material removed at endoscopy revealed a diagnosis of tuberculosis. We suggest that all friable material removed from the lower respiratory tract be submitted for microscopy, culture and histopathology with this diagnosis in mind.

scholarly journals Foreign Body Aspiration in Dentistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Drishti Dixit ◽  
Amit Reche ◽  
Kumar Gaurav Chabra ◽  
Priyanka Paul Madhu ◽  
Anura Saher Raza
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Foreign Body Extraction ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: The foreign body aspiration is very common while performing a dental procedure. Most of the patients are from lower age group as these group of people have high amount of sugar and starch containing diet which is not good for the oral health. But it is not limited to them and several aged patients are also victim of foreign body aspiration. Summary: Foreign bodies can be anything from cloth dam, barrier techniques itself to broken tooth. Due to age related delayed gag reflex and impact of anesthesia can be possible reasons behind the foreign body aspiration. Pulmonary aspiration is a serious cause of concern and cannot be neglected. It can go unnoticed which can brought to cognizance after careful study and observation of the radiographs. Endoscopic procedures are used to locate and extract the foreign body from the lungs. Conclusion: Proper guidelines regarding the extraction of foreign body extraction and identification must be followed as it is life threatening condition. Vulnerable age group must be treated with extra caution and every chance of mistake must be covered. Standard operating procedure must be strictly adhered to in order rot have maximum accuracy.

scholarly journals Impacted denture in the oesophagus: review of the literature and its management

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e229655
Author(s):  
Zahir Mughal ◽  
Alexander Rowan Charlton ◽  
Raghav Dwivedi ◽  
Basavaiah Natesh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oesophageal Perforation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Acute Dysphagia ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Foreign body impaction in the oesophagus is a common cause of acute dysphagia. Oesophageal impaction of sharp objects such as dentures can be life threatening due to the risk of oesophageal perforation. This condition requires urgent treatment, and therefore prompt diagnosis and management is vital to avoid complications. Diagnosing oesophageal foreign body can be challenging due to its poor localising symptoms. We describe a case of an impacted denture in which considerable delays to treatment were encountered, and discuss the pitfalls and lessons learnt. This case and review of the literature draw attention to clinical assessment, investigation and treatment options for oesophageal foreign body impaction.

scholarly journals Foreign Body Aspiration of a Dental Bridge in the Left Main Stem Bronchus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monay Mahmoud ◽  
Syed Imam ◽  
Hetalben Patel ◽  
Matthew King
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Main Stem Bronchus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Left Main Stem Bronchus ◽  
Successful Retrieval ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
Life Threatening Event

Aspiration of tracheobronchial foreign bodies is a life-threatening event that occurs mainly in children. Occurrence in adults is rare and usually has a subtle presentation as most adults are unaware of aspiration of any foreign material. Decreased levels of consciousness, sedation, and neuromuscular diseases are major risk factors for foreign body aspiration in adults. Prompt diagnosis and intervention through foreign body retrieval are critical to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. Retrieval procedure is risky, and sudden decompensation of the patient can occur anytime. We are presenting an adult who accidentally aspirated his dental prosthesis during sleep and underwent successful retrieval of the dental bridge using flexible bronchoscopy.

Effects of Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection on Lung Function in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hiatt ◽  
S. C. Grace ◽  
C. A. Kozinetz ◽  
S. H. Raboudi ◽  
D. G. Treece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract

scholarly journals Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm as a Cause of Massive Hemoptysis: Diagnosis and Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Corr
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Endovascular Coiling ◽  
Massive Hemoptysis ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Life Threatening

Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening medical emergency. Prompt radiological diagnosis and management are essential. I present a case of an inflammatory pulmonary aneurysm (Rasmussen aneurysm) from active pulmonary tuberculosis. This is an uncommon cause for massive hemoptysis which was successfully treated by endovascular coiling.

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