scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of the flowers of Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum (Amaryllidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Fishchuk ◽  
A. V. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Dorsal Vein ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
First Time

We studied the structure of flowers of Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum using cross-sections and longitudal sections of permanent preparations using a light microscope. Genera Galanthus and Leucojum belong to the Galantheae tribe characterized by a unique combination of features of the family Amaryllidaceae, i.e. absence of septal nectaries, poricidal anthers and fruit – fleshy capsule. Both species are represented in the flora of Ukraine and have the life form of bulb ephemeroid of decidous forests. Microscopic surveys of flowers are considered as an instrument for determining yet unknown structural adaptations of plants to specialized ways of pollination and determining the first stages of morphogenesis of fruit, because many features of the fruit appear already at the stage of flower. We determined that the tepals of both studied species have multi-bundle traces of 8–9 vascular bundles. Apical dehiscence of the anthers occurs due to short longitudinal sutures in the upper part of the anthers. The nectar disk on the roof of the inferior ovary is poorly differentiated, and has no vascular bundles. We associate the indicated peculiarities of the flower structure with the offer of pollen as the main reward of the pollinator during buzz-polination, which has not reported for the studied species. Placentation is axile in the lower part of the ovary and parietal in the upper one. We consider that the gynoecium of the studied species is eusyncarpous. The vascular system of the inferior ovary is composed of three dorsal and three septal veins, paired ventral bundles of carpels, which form the traces of ovules, and also small additional bundles in the wall of the ovary. For the first time, we have determined the presence of airy parenchyma in the ovules, ovary roof, the style and anthers’ connectives and have confirmed their presence in the tepals and the wall of the ovary at the stage of flowering. We found differentiation of the mesocarp into photosynthesizing and airy parenchyma, small sizes of cells of the endocardium in the area of the dorsal vein, bifurcate dorsal bundles of the carpels, which could be considered as adaptation of different stages of morphogenesis of fruit to dehiscence. Anatomical peculiarities of the ovaries of G. nivalis and L. vernum: numerous vascular bundles in the pericarp, thick parenchyma mesocarp with air-filled cavities, non-lignified endocarp at the stage of the flower we consider adaptations to the formation of fleshy fruit. The new data we obtained on the anatomical structure of the flowers is a significant addition of information about anthecological and carpological (post-anthetic) peculiarities of the surveyed species.

New morphological and anatomical data on the genus Fuernrohria (Apiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 429 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
BARIŞ BANİ ◽  
DUDU ÖZLEM MAVİ İDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stem Leaf

In this study, morphological and anatomical data (including fruit micromorphological characters) of the genus Fuernrohria were studied and compared with the related genera Grammosciadium, Caropodium and Vinogradovia. The morphological description of Fuernrohria setifolia, which is the only known species in the genus, is expanded. Photos of inflorescences, infructescences and leaves of the species taken from the wild are provided. Leaf segment and mericarps are illustrated, and also the distribution area of the genus is mapped. Anatomical features of root, stem, leaf sheath, leaf segment and fruit are presented with photographs of cross sections for each of them. Vegetative anatomical characteristics of the species and micromorphological description of fruit are given and exhibited for the first time in the present study. The results show that two important diagnostic characters for Fuernrohria are determined for the first time as “shape and size of commissural vittae in mericarps” and “number of vascular bundles in leaf cross section”.

scholarly journals Scape anatomical studies in populations of Urginea indica Kunth. Liliaceae

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
P. Prathima Rao ◽  
M. N. Shiva Kameshwari ◽  
K. J. Tharasaraswathi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Urginea Indica ◽  
First Time

The current study presents investigations on the scape anatomical characteristics of Urginea indica population, a geophyte growing in India, Africa and Mediterranean regions. For scape anatomical studies transverse sections of inflorescence axis were taken and studied for the first time. The twelve different population studied revealed that outer most epidermis of inflorescence is covered by thick cuticle. Cortex is differentiated into 3 regions outer chlorenchyma, middle collenchyma and inner parenchyma. But the shape and number of rows of cells vary in different populations collected from various localities of Karnataka. Vascular bundles are arranged in 3 rows, 2 rows in few populations and number. of vascular bundles vary. Larger bundles varies from 5-8, medium 8-12 and smaller bundles 5 to 21 in number. Xylem elements are uniseriate and biseriate in few. Some populations show Myelin structures and cell inclusions, based on their ecological habitat. The distinctions among cross sections of scapes are evident and our findings offer a comprehensive study using anatomical traits for delimitation and diagnosing populations of U.indica providing a platform for further taxonomic investigations.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of the flower of Zephyranthes candida (Amaryllidaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Fishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Septal Nectary ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Zephyranthes Candida ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
Pollination Methods

The use of morphological features of flowers in the taxonomy of plants is becoming increasingly important. The structure of the Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. flowers on permanent cross-sectional and longitudinal sections was studied using a light microscope. The genus Zephyranthes belongs to the subtribe Hippeastrinae Walp. tribe Hippeastreae Sweet., family Amaryllidaceae s.l. Microscopic studies of the flower are considered as a tool to identify hitherto unknown structural adaptations of plants to specialized pollination methods and to elucidate the first stages of fruit morphogenesis, as many features of the fruit appear at the flower stage. The morphometric parameters, morphology, anatomy, and vascular anatomy of the ovary were described by using the flower’s transverse sections. Ten flowers of Z. candida were sectioned using standard methods of Paraplast embedding and serial sectioning at 20 μm thickness. Sections were stained with Safranin and Astra Blau and mounted in Eukitt. It was found that in the studied species the tepals have multi-bundle traces of 10–12 leading bundles. We consider the gynoecium of the studied species to be eusincarpous. The vascular system of the inferior ovary consists of three dorsal and three septal bundles, paired ventral bundles of carpels, which form ovule traces. For the first time, the presence of the following gynoecium zones was detected: a synascidiate structural zone with a height of about 360 μm and a fertile symplicate structural zone with a height of about 1560 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 480 μm. Septal nectaries appear in the hemisymplicate zone and open with nectary split at the base of the style, the total height of the septal nectary is 760 μm. The ovary roof is 280 μm. Bifurcated dorsal and septal bundles of carpels have been identified, which can be considered as adaptations of the early stages of fruit morphogenesis to opening. Anatomical features of the ovary of Z. candida are numerous vascular bundles in the pericarpium, non-lignified endocarp at the flower stage, we consider as adaptations to the formation of juicy fruit. New data on the anatomical structure of the flower are a significant addition to the information on antecological and post-anthetic features of the studied species. Also, these data can be used in the construction of parsimony branches of the family Amaryllidaceae.

scholarly journals Comparative flower morphology of Agapanthus africanus and A. praecox (Amaryllidaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-627
Author(s):  
O. S. Fishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Single Bundle ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Dorsal Vein ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The structure of Agapanthus africanus and A. praecox flowers was studied on permanent cross-sectional and longitudinal sections using a light microscope. The genus Agapanthus belongs to the subfamily Agapanthoideae, the family Amaryllidaceae, which is characterized by the presence of the upper ovary, septal nectaries and fruit – fleshy capsule. Micromorphological studies of the flower are considered as a way for detection of unknown plant features, adjustment of plants to specialized ways of pollination and determining the first stages of morphogenesis of fruit, and further use these features in taxonomy. 10 flowers of A. africanus and A. praecox were sectioned using standard methods of Paraplast embedding and serial sectioning at 20 micron thickness. Sections were stained with Safranin and Astra Blau and mounted in Eukitt. It was found that in the studied species the tepals have single-bundle traces. The vascular system of the superior ovary consists of a three bundle dorsal vein, of the ventral roots complex, which are reorganized into paired ventral bundles of the carpel, which form traces to ovules. For the first time, the following gynoecium zones were detected in A. africanus: a synascidiate structural zone with a height of about 560 μm and a fertile symplicate structural zone with a height of about 380 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 2580 μm. In A. praecox gynoecium, there is a synascidiate structural zone with a height of 200 μm and a symplicate structural zone of 600 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 620 μm. Septal nectaries appear in the hemisymplicate zone and open with nectar fissures at the base of the column, with a total septal nectar height of 2880 μm in A. africanus and 820 μm in A. praecox. The ovary roof is 300 µm in A. africanus and 200 µm in A. praecox. Triple dorsal bundles of carpels in A. africanus have been identified, which could be considered as adaptation of different stages of morphogenesis of fruit to dehiscence. The new data obtained by the vascular anatomy of the flower and the presence of different ovary zones significantly add to the information about anatomical and morphological features of the studied species, which can be further used in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae.

scholarly journals Foliar anatomy of Rhynchosia spp. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from Roraima state, northern Brazilian Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Andréia Silva FLORES ◽  
Eduardo de Souza COSTA ◽  
Germana Bueno DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Foliar Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Comparative studies on the structure of foliar anatomy in four species of Rhynchosia from Roraima state (northern Brazilian Amazon) were carried out to identify additional morphological characters to support the definition of the systematic boundaries among the species. Fully expanded leaves, including the petioles, were collected from the upper nodes of a plant’s stem. Anatomical characters were observed in cross-sections of the middle portion of leaflets and petiole segments. Presence and distribution of glandular trichomes, continuity of sclerenchyma around the vascular bundles in leaflet blades and the conformation of the area between the two ridges of petioles were important characters to distinguish among the species of Rhynchosia. For the first time we report a distinct multicellular gland-like structure which we found in the petioles of three species.

Neptunia windleriana: A New Polyploid Species of Neptunia (Leguminosae) from Brazil Recognized by Anatomy, Morphology and Cytogenetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-494
Author(s):  
Juliana Santos Silva ◽  
Márcia Santos Carvalho ◽  
Géssica Souza Santos ◽  
Francyane Tavares Braga ◽  
Maria José Gomes de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
First Time

Abstract—Neptunia windleriana, a new polyploid species of the pantropical genus Neptunia, is described and illustrated. This plant is endemic to the state of Bahia, Brazil, and is found in areas of Caatinga near the São Francisco River. Among the species occurring in Brazil, it is most similar to N. plena, a widespread species, by having a gland on the petiole, but it differs mainly by the number of pairs of pinnae and leaflets, shape of the spike in bud, and the size of the peduncles. It is morphologically distinct from all other species of the genus by the combination of prostrate subshrub habit, smaller leaves, shorter petiole and shorter rachis length, few-flowered, globose spikes, 10 stamens, and glabrous ovary. The presence of monocrystals in the bundle sheath cells of the bracts of N. windleriana is recorded here for the first time for the genus, together with the chromosome number (2n = 56 vs. 2n = 28, ∼52, 54, 56, 72, 78 for three other species of the genus occurring in Brazil), it can be also used to identify the species. The epidermis of the stipules, leaflet, and bracts of N. windleriana is uniseriate, with paracytic stomata. The vascular system has collateral arrangement with the vascular bundles covered by a sheath, with or without isolated monocrystals. Our data support earlier hypotheses that Neptunia has a base number of x2 = 14 which seems to be a secondary basic number that originated from an ancestral stock with x1 = 7 and underwent karyotypic evolution by polyploidy. A key to the Brazilian species of Neptunia as well as anatomical, cytogenetic, taxonomic, and geographic distribution data, ilustrations and photos are provided.

Floral morphology of the Amaryllidaceae. I. Subfamily Amaryllidioideae

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1555-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Vascular Strand ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Three Bundles ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
Peculiar Mode

The flowers of the subfamily Amaryllidioideae are similar to one another in that they are fragrant, showy, bisexual, and epigynous with two trimerous whorls of perianth and stamens each, and a compound gynoecium. A single vascular strand supplies the vascular system of both a perianth member and a stamen. It splits into three bundles, one median and two laterals. The former constitutes the vascular supply of a perianth member, while the latter, facing one another right and left, fuse to supply a stamen. This peculiar mode of branching of the vascular strand is considered to be associated with superposition of a stamen upon a perianth member. The corona of Narcissus which is supplied by inversely oriented vascular bundles, is regarded as an outgrowth from the perianth tube and those of Eucharis and Pancratium, which are non-vascular, to represent the stamen cup. Two series of vascular strands differentiate in all members investigated. While the inner series constitutes the placental supply, the strands of the outer series which vary in number in different genera, show various degrees of adnation among the traces occurring on the same radius. The nature of the inferior ovary has been discussed. The nectaries are considered to be of quite advanced type.

The Mechanics of the Secondary Flows of Viscoelastic Fluids in Non-Circular Straight Tubes and the Mean Transversal Field in Pulsating Flows

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Siginer ◽  
Mario F. Letelier
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Viscoelastic Fluids ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transversal Field ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
Viscoelastic Liquids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secondary Flow Field

Abstract A survey of secondary flows of viscoelastic liquids in straight tubes is given including recent work pointing at striking analogies with transversal deformations associated with the simple shearing of solid materials. The importance and implications of secondary flows of viscoelastic fluids in heat transfer enhancement are explored together with the difficulties in detecting weak secondary flows (dilute, weakly viscoelastic solutions) in a laboratory setting. Recent new work by the author and colleagues which explores for the first time the structure of the secondary flow field in the pulsating flow of a constitutively nonlinear simple fluid, whose structure is defined by a series of nested integrals over semi-infinite time domains, in straight tubes of arbitrary cross-sections is summarized. The transversal field arises at the second order of the perturbation of the nonlinear constitutive structure, and is driven by first order terms which define the linearly viscoelastic longitudinal flow in the hierarchy of superposed linear flows stemming from the perturbation of the constitutive structure. Arbitrary conduit contours are obtained through a novel approach to the concept of domain perturbation. Time averaged, mean secondary flow streamline contours are presented for the first time for triangular, square and hexagonal pipes.

Reassessing species boundaries in the Syagrus glaucescens complex (Arecaceae) using leaf anatomy

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
D.H.T. Firmo ◽  
S.A. Santos ◽  
M.E.M.P. Perez ◽  
P. Soffiatti ◽  
B.F. Sant’Anna-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Species Diagnosis ◽  
High Degree

The Syagrus glaucescens complex comprises three species: Syagrus glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc., Syagrus duartei Glassman, and Syagrus evansiana Noblick. Recently, a new population of S. evansiana that possesses a high degree of endemism was reported in the Serra do Cabral mountain. Here we intend to study the leaf anatomy of the S. glaucescens complex and confirm whether this newly found population (from now on called Syagrus aff. evansiana) belongs to S. evansiana or not. Specimens were collected to investigate their leaf anatomy, which showed distinct differences between S. aff. evansiana and S. evansiana. The midrib anatomy revealed novelties for the S. glauscecens complex, proving useful for species diagnosis. Features such as accessory vascular bundles around the vascular system of the midrib and the number of collateral bundles are diagnostic for species identification. In addition, morphological and anatomical analyses indicated a correlation with the species occurrence. We found greater similarity between S. glaucescens and S. duartei, while S. evansiana and S. aff. evansiana are more alike. Here, we propose a new identification key based only on the leaf anatomy. Despite their morphological similarities, S. aff. evansiana and S. evansiana presented differences in leaf anatomy, which — when associated with their geographical isolation — suggests a fourth taxon in the complex.

scholarly journals Morphology and anatomy of leaf mine in Richterago riparia Roque (Asteraceae) in the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. A. MELO DE PINNA ◽  
J. E. KRAUS ◽  
N. L. de MENEZES
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Phenolic Substances

The leaf mine in Richterago riparia is caused by a lepidopteran larva (lepidopteronome). The leaves of R. riparia show campdodrome venation; the epidermis is unistratified, with stomata and glandular trichomes in adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The mesophyll is bilateral and the vascular system is collateral. During the formation of the mine, the larva consumes the chlorenchyma of the mesophyll and the smaller vascular bundles (veins of third and fourth orders). Structural alterations in the tissues of the host plant were not observed, except for the formation of a wound meristem and the presence of cells with phenolic substances next to the mine. Three cephalic exuviae of the miner were found in the mesophyll. This lepidopteronome is parenchymatic and the epidermis remains intact, but forms a protective layer for the mining insect.

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