scholarly journals Comparative flower morphology of Agapanthus africanus and A. praecox (Amaryllidaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-627
Author(s):  
O. S. Fishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Single Bundle ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Dorsal Vein ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The structure of Agapanthus africanus and A. praecox flowers was studied on permanent cross-sectional and longitudinal sections using a light microscope. The genus Agapanthus belongs to the subfamily Agapanthoideae, the family Amaryllidaceae, which is characterized by the presence of the upper ovary, septal nectaries and fruit – fleshy capsule. Micromorphological studies of the flower are considered as a way for detection of unknown plant features, adjustment of plants to specialized ways of pollination and determining the first stages of morphogenesis of fruit, and further use these features in taxonomy. 10 flowers of A. africanus and A. praecox were sectioned using standard methods of Paraplast embedding and serial sectioning at 20 micron thickness. Sections were stained with Safranin and Astra Blau and mounted in Eukitt. It was found that in the studied species the tepals have single-bundle traces. The vascular system of the superior ovary consists of a three bundle dorsal vein, of the ventral roots complex, which are reorganized into paired ventral bundles of the carpel, which form traces to ovules. For the first time, the following gynoecium zones were detected in A. africanus: a synascidiate structural zone with a height of about 560 μm and a fertile symplicate structural zone with a height of about 380 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 2580 μm. In A. praecox gynoecium, there is a synascidiate structural zone with a height of 200 μm and a symplicate structural zone of 600 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 620 μm. Septal nectaries appear in the hemisymplicate zone and open with nectar fissures at the base of the column, with a total septal nectar height of 2880 μm in A. africanus and 820 μm in A. praecox. The ovary roof is 300 µm in A. africanus and 200 µm in A. praecox. Triple dorsal bundles of carpels in A. africanus have been identified, which could be considered as adaptation of different stages of morphogenesis of fruit to dehiscence. The new data obtained by the vascular anatomy of the flower and the presence of different ovary zones significantly add to the information about anatomical and morphological features of the studied species, which can be further used in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae.

scholarly journals Tobacco smoking perception and practice among pre-university students in a government boy’s college: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Shashidhar S. Basagoudar ◽  
Chandrashekhar R. ◽  
Shivappa Hatanoor ◽  
Rahul C. Kirte
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peer Involvement ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
University College ◽  
First Time ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world hence this study was aimed at detecting the prevalence of tobacco smoking among students of a government pre-university college for boys, to find out the perception of students about tobacco smoking and factors related to the tobacco smoking among students.Methods:A cross sectional study conducted among purposively selected students of Government Pre-university College for boys. Data was collected through pre-structured questionnaire. Tobacco smoking was assessed by self reporting by filling the questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of ever use of tobacco smoking was 13.7% and current smokers were 5.6%. Mean age of starting smoking was 14.16 yrs. 66% of students were aware that tobacco smoking can lead to cancer. In majority (81.1%) of ever smoked students, their friends have motivated them to smoke for the first time. 93% of students knew that passive smoking is injurious to health. 83% of students felt that tobacco should be banned. Having a smoker in the family (p=0.035) and a student residing away from parents (p=0.007) are positively associated with ever smoking tobacco.Conclusions:Tobacco smoking is prevalent among the boys of government pre-university college students. Majority of students have better perception about tobacco smoking. Familial support and peer involvement are crucial in controlling the tobacco smoking. 

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of the flower of Zephyranthes candida (Amaryllidaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Fishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Septal Nectary ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Zephyranthes Candida ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
Pollination Methods

The use of morphological features of flowers in the taxonomy of plants is becoming increasingly important. The structure of the Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. flowers on permanent cross-sectional and longitudinal sections was studied using a light microscope. The genus Zephyranthes belongs to the subtribe Hippeastrinae Walp. tribe Hippeastreae Sweet., family Amaryllidaceae s.l. Microscopic studies of the flower are considered as a tool to identify hitherto unknown structural adaptations of plants to specialized pollination methods and to elucidate the first stages of fruit morphogenesis, as many features of the fruit appear at the flower stage. The morphometric parameters, morphology, anatomy, and vascular anatomy of the ovary were described by using the flower’s transverse sections. Ten flowers of Z. candida were sectioned using standard methods of Paraplast embedding and serial sectioning at 20 μm thickness. Sections were stained with Safranin and Astra Blau and mounted in Eukitt. It was found that in the studied species the tepals have multi-bundle traces of 10–12 leading bundles. We consider the gynoecium of the studied species to be eusincarpous. The vascular system of the inferior ovary consists of three dorsal and three septal bundles, paired ventral bundles of carpels, which form ovule traces. For the first time, the presence of the following gynoecium zones was detected: a synascidiate structural zone with a height of about 360 μm and a fertile symplicate structural zone with a height of about 1560 μm and a hemisymplicate zone of 480 μm. Septal nectaries appear in the hemisymplicate zone and open with nectary split at the base of the style, the total height of the septal nectary is 760 μm. The ovary roof is 280 μm. Bifurcated dorsal and septal bundles of carpels have been identified, which can be considered as adaptations of the early stages of fruit morphogenesis to opening. Anatomical features of the ovary of Z. candida are numerous vascular bundles in the pericarpium, non-lignified endocarp at the flower stage, we consider as adaptations to the formation of juicy fruit. New data on the anatomical structure of the flower are a significant addition to the information on antecological and post-anthetic features of the studied species. Also, these data can be used in the construction of parsimony branches of the family Amaryllidaceae.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of the flowers of Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum (Amaryllidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Fishchuk ◽  
A. V. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Dorsal Vein ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
First Time

We studied the structure of flowers of Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum using cross-sections and longitudal sections of permanent preparations using a light microscope. Genera Galanthus and Leucojum belong to the Galantheae tribe characterized by a unique combination of features of the family Amaryllidaceae, i.e. absence of septal nectaries, poricidal anthers and fruit – fleshy capsule. Both species are represented in the flora of Ukraine and have the life form of bulb ephemeroid of decidous forests. Microscopic surveys of flowers are considered as an instrument for determining yet unknown structural adaptations of plants to specialized ways of pollination and determining the first stages of morphogenesis of fruit, because many features of the fruit appear already at the stage of flower. We determined that the tepals of both studied species have multi-bundle traces of 8–9 vascular bundles. Apical dehiscence of the anthers occurs due to short longitudinal sutures in the upper part of the anthers. The nectar disk on the roof of the inferior ovary is poorly differentiated, and has no vascular bundles. We associate the indicated peculiarities of the flower structure with the offer of pollen as the main reward of the pollinator during buzz-polination, which has not reported for the studied species. Placentation is axile in the lower part of the ovary and parietal in the upper one. We consider that the gynoecium of the studied species is eusyncarpous. The vascular system of the inferior ovary is composed of three dorsal and three septal veins, paired ventral bundles of carpels, which form the traces of ovules, and also small additional bundles in the wall of the ovary. For the first time, we have determined the presence of airy parenchyma in the ovules, ovary roof, the style and anthers’ connectives and have confirmed their presence in the tepals and the wall of the ovary at the stage of flowering. We found differentiation of the mesocarp into photosynthesizing and airy parenchyma, small sizes of cells of the endocardium in the area of the dorsal vein, bifurcate dorsal bundles of the carpels, which could be considered as adaptation of different stages of morphogenesis of fruit to dehiscence. Anatomical peculiarities of the ovaries of G. nivalis and L. vernum: numerous vascular bundles in the pericarp, thick parenchyma mesocarp with air-filled cavities, non-lignified endocarp at the stage of the flower we consider adaptations to the formation of fleshy fruit. The new data we obtained on the anatomical structure of the flowers is a significant addition of information about anthecological and carpological (post-anthetic) peculiarities of the surveyed species.

scholarly journals Motivation as Mediator between Family Support to the Readiness of Pregnant Woman in Exclusive Breastfeeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
A. A. Subiyanto ◽  
Sapja Anantanyu ◽  
Supriyadi Heri Respati ◽  
Budiyanti Wiboworini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

The success of the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding in the community is depend on the readiness of pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. This readiness is influenced by several factors including motivation and support exclusive breastfeeding by family. This study aimed to examine the empirical model that shows the motivational role as mediators of the relationship between family support of readiness pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. Cross-sectional study performed on pregnant women in Surakarta. A sample of 150 respondents mother in her first time pregnancy. The closed questionnaire of Likert scale developed to measure three variables of the study. Path analysis procedure used to test the hypothesis of motivational role as mediator relations between two other variables. The results showed that all three variables had a significant relation (p <0.001). The relationship between family support to readiness pregnant women after entering motivation as covariates remained significant but decreased significantly path coefficient (β = 0.365; p <0.001 becomes β = 0.260; p = 0.001). Thus the motivation become a mediator relationship with the family support of readiness pregnant mothers in exclusive breastfeeding.

Directional disparity of pulse reflection in the dog

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. H95-H99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Li ◽  
J. Melbin ◽  
A. Noordergraaf
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Case ◽  
Pulse Transmission ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
First Time

Local reflection coefficients were experimentally determined in the dog for the first time at the aortoiliac junction using characteristic impedances derived from phase velocity, fluid density, and the vessels' cross-sectional areas. Reflection coefficients were determined for both the normal trifurcation and with the segment of aorta between external and internal iliacs occluded. For the normal case the coefficients were as follows: antegrade, 0.7; retrograde, -0.74. For the occlusion case the coefficients were as follows: antegrade, 0.33; retrograde, -0.67. These results provide experimental support for the concept that the vascular system, at least in this region, favors antegrade and suppresses retrograde pulse transmission. In addition, global reflection coefficients were determined in the femoral artery using a three-point pressure technique. Coefficient magnitudes varied from low (1.6 Hz) to high (9.6 Hz) frequencies, i.e., control, 0.42-0.22; vasoconstriction, 0.65-0.33; vasodilation, less than 0.1 for all frequencies. Discrepancies between results appearing in the literature are evaluated and shown to be associated with the method utilized as well as with system nonlinearities enhanced by tying branches.

scholarly journals Family Burden of Narcotics Abusers Experiencing Relapse and Factors Exacerbating It

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Rico Januar Sitorus ◽  
Novrikasari ◽  
Imelda G. Purba
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Background: Narcotics addicts must undergo rehabilitation to get recovery. During the recovery process, families bear both economic and social burdens. This study aimed to find out how the burden of families with family members who experienced relapse was and what factors could exacerbate it. This study used cross-sectional study design by measuring family burden as an outcome. The samples in this study were 168 families having family members who abused narcotics and experienced relapse. Multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression showed that the factors exacerbating the family burden of narcotics abusers were the family member’s age of first use of narcotics and drinking habits (dominant factor) with R = 0.964, R Square = 0.929, Adjusted R Square = 0.928 and Durbin Watson = 0.982. Narcotics abusers who experience relapse will increase the family burden. Factors that aggravate the family burden are as follows: first time using narcotics at an early age and alcohol drinking habit. Therefore, we must prevent the use of narcotics as early as possible among the entire community and stop drinking alcohol.

scholarly journals Studi Deskriptif: Sikap, Pengawasan Keluarga, Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Upaya Pengendalian Hipertensi Pada Lansia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Novita Nirmalasari ◽  
Yessi Angga Novitasari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Background: Elderly is a decrease in cardiovascular function. Sstructural and functional changes occur in the peripheral vascular system responsible for variations in blood pressure. The study aims at finding out attitude, family supervision, level of knowledge, and efforts to control hypertension in working area Puskesmas Saptosari Gunungkidul. Method: The study was descriptive research with cross-sectional. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling. The number of the sample 38 repondent. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The data analysis used was univariate. Result: The majority of women (94.7%), aged 60-70 years (84.2%), and hypertension stage I (68.4%). Most of the attitudes have the right attitude (94,7%), family supervision (89,5%), and inadequate level of knowledge (76,3%). In controlling efforts, most were in a good category (94,7%). Conclusion: Almost all respondents have the right attitude and supervision from the family. Even though they have an inadequate level of knowledge, control efforts are mostly reasonable.

scholarly journals POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Prodalima Sinulingga ◽  
Delfriana Ayu A
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Time To Learn ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
First Time

The family is the primary and first educator before the child obtains education in school and in the community. From the family was the first time to learn. So the family is the personality of the child is not limited to the successor. There are parents who want their children to behave according to their wishes, others who desire their children more freedom in thinking and action, some are too protective of their children, and some also invite their child to discuss in doing things. Sexual behavior is a behavior aimed at attracting the opposite sex and associated with sexual intercourse activity. Sexual activity is an activity undertaken in an effort to meet sexual urges. This research is done in order to know the overview of parenting patterns and adolescents ' sexual behavior. This type of research is descriptive by using a survey approach and a cross sectional approach. The total population in this study was 36 teenagers in Sub-district of Mangga Medan Tuntungan with sampling techniques using Simple Random Sampling. The study was conducted from February to April 2020. The conclusion that can be withdrawn from this study is; Based on 36 teenage boys and girls participating in the study were the result that the parenting patterns of their children were in the democratic category of 18 people, authoritarian as much as 13 people and permissive as many as 3 people. Later for sexual behavior in adolescents the majority of respondents said that it behaved not at risk as much as 28 people and at the risk of 8 people. It is hoped that this research further adds to the wider community's insight into how to create parents ' foster patterns towards their children and is expected to social institutions that have child and adolescent awareness programs to conduct health education not only about reproductive health but rather cover the overall aspects related to adolescents and their development.

Cohesion and Adaptability among Individuals under Treatment for Infertility

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Maria Paz Loayza Hidalgo ◽  
Lorena Caleffi ◽  
Ana Baron ◽  
Eunice Mattana ◽  
Márcia Lorena F. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Family Adaptability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
First Time

The objective of this study was to evaluate cohesion and adaptability as relationship patterns of individuals in the presence or absence of infertility. Infertile subjects (20 men and 26 women, age 29.9 yr., SD = 3.8), and 100 fertile individuals (52 men and 48 women, age 29.5 yr., SD = 3.6) were included in this cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil. Subjects were married for the first time and had no children. The pattern of relationship (cohesion and adaptability) was assessed on the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III). Subjects were also interviewed and the interviews tape-recorded and analyzed by independent and blinded senior psychiatrists. The concepts of cohesion and adaptability did not differentiate infertile couples from fertile ones. Further, the recorded interviews also resulted in heterogeneous, nonconcordant judgments. These results lead to two conclusions: that awareness of infertility is not present in the population studied or that it is present but the magnitude of its effect is quite small and that FACES III and the interview focus on adaptability and cohesion are not sensitive enough to measure the difficulties in these couples' relationships. This leads us to reflect on the type of psychiatric support available to infertile couples.

scholarly journals Sipaneopsis (Sipaneeae, Ixoroideae): A unique flowering process in the family Rubiaceae and its taxonomic significance

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
PIERO G. DELPRETE
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Corolla Lobe ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Flowering Process

The process of anthesis of Sipaneopsis is unique within the Rubiaceae, and is here described and illustrated in detail for the first time. During the initial stage of anthesis the flowers are small, with the corolla lobes already open and erect before tube elongation, and the corolla lobe basal appendages are appressed against each other, forming a convex structure at the corolla mouth obstructing the entrance of visitors and pollinators. At the final stage of anthesis, the corolla lobes reflex and become perpendicular to the tube, and their basal appendages become erect, not touching each other, allowing visitors and pollinators to access the corolla tube and the nectar disk. Neobertiera and Sipaneopsis are unique within the tribe Sipaneeae in having indehiscent dry fruits and recent molecular phylogenies positioned them as sister taxa. Sipaneopsis is distinguished from Neobertiera in having flowers consistently homostylous (vs. distylous or rarely tristylous in Neobertiera), stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube (vs. at variable positions), and five triangular appendages at the base of each corolla lobe (vs. corolla lobes thickened at base, without appendages). The differences in flower morphology and process of anthesis between the two genera (which most likely influence their different pollination syndromes) provide an important set of significant taxonomic and diagnostic characters that can be used to distinguish them.

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