scholarly journals Do we have infraspecific taxa of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (Lamiaceae) in Iran?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
A V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Width

<p><em>Salvia multicaulis</em> is a widespread species of Lamiaceae family in Iran. There are many discussions about its infraspecific variations. Although some varieties were definite for this species in various parts of the world, no infraspecific taxon was reported in Iran and all samples of this species were named as S. multicaulis. In this study, morphological characteristics of S. multicaulis populations, naturally growing in Iran, was examined. Twenty-two traits were examined in 94 individuals of this species to<br />identify their phenotypic difference. Most of the investigated features were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for some characteristics such as basal leaf shape, basal leaf width, basal leaf length/ width ratio and basal petiole length. Significant positive/negative correlations were observed between some morphological variables. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between the eastern distribution of populations with basal leaf petiole length and basal leaf length/ width ratio. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, populations were divided into two main branches. The first branch contained four populations, while the second branch was bigger and clustered in two sub-branches. In one of them,<br />three populations and in another one the rest populations arranged in two groups. CA joined plot confirmed that each of studied populations or group of populations had distinct morphological trait(s), which were useful in identification of them. Our findings supported population no. 13 had unique morphological traits such as the largest bracts and basal leaf petiole, highest flower number of each inflorescence cycle, widest and largest calyx. The conservation of the highly diverse populations of<br />Iranian S. multicaulis is recommended.</p>

scholarly journals Taxonomic reliability of leaf and fruit morphological characteristics of the Pyrus L. taxa in Slovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Paganová
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Exact Identification ◽  
Pyrus Pyraster

&nbsp;A population of 1,149 pear individuals from Slovakia is analysed according to their morphological characteristics of fruits and leaves. Three basic taxa were identified &ndash; Pyrus pyraster, Pyrus amphigenea and Pyrus nivalis. Qualitative traits (shape of leaf blade, fruit shape, type of leaf or fruit base, etc.) allowed the exact identification of a particular taxon only in some cases. Quantitative characteristics of leaves proved to be more suitable for the identification of analysed taxa. Statistically significant differences were found between all studied taxa in the values of leaf length and width, and also in the values of relative characteristics that described the leaf shape. Exceptionally the length of leaf petiole had very variable values (S<sub>x</sub><sub>% </sub>= 25.70&ndash;29.75%), therefore it was impossible to classify the species according to this character. Generally, fruit shapes and dimensions are less representative for taxonomy use although significant differences between all studied taxa were found in the values of fruit length. The correct taxonomic classification of pears cannot be done according to one characteristic. It is important to consider a few of them (shape and length of leaf blade or its slenderness, shape quotients and also the shape and length of fruits) for the appropriate classification of pear individuals. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals A new broad-leaved species of loquat from eastern Myanmar and its phylogenetic affinity in the genus Eriobotrya (Rosaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Dae-Hyun Kang ◽  
Homervergel G. Ong ◽  
Jung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Eui-Kwon Jung ◽  
Naing-Oo Kyaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Broad Leaved Species

Eriobotrya shanense, a new species from the karst region of Shan State, eastern Myanmar, is described and illustrated. This evergreen tree is similar to the autumn and winter-flowering, large-leaved species E. malipoensis and E. japonica by having tomentose hairs on the abaxial leaf surface, but can be distinguished by its obovate, widely obelliptic or oval blade shape, leaf length-width ratio of 2:1 (vs. 3:1), and rounded or obtuse apex (vs. acute). The species also resembles less-known, undercollected Myanmar broad-leaved species E. wardii and E. platyphylla in leaf shape and length-width ratio, but can be easily differentiated by the presence of tomentose hairs on the leaves, and inflorescence. Phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS region supported its close affinity with E. malipoensis and E. japonica. Molecular data also generally grouped the 17 congeneric taxa accessions in congruence to their leaf morphology, with the entire Eriobotrya clade strongly supported to be monophyletic and separate from Rhaphiolepis.

Regional differences in hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations and five morphological traits among Hypericum perforatum plants in the northwestern United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Walker ◽  
Tara Sirvent ◽  
Donna Gibson ◽  
Nan Vance
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Noxious Weed

Geographic differences among Hypericum perforatum L. plants in concentration of two hypericins and five morphological characteristics were analyzed in plants collected from four sites each in northern California and western Montana and two sites in Oregon. Differences among regional collections of H. perforatum were assessed based on analysis of hypericin and pseudohypericin concentration in floral, leaf, and stem tissue; light and dark leaf gland density; leaf area; leaf length/width ratio; and stem height. Significant differences in morphological and biochemical traits were detected primarily between samples collected from California and Montana. California samples had higher concentrations of hypericins, greater leaf gland density, larger leaves, and taller stems than those from Montana. Overall, Oregon samples did not consistently differentiate from those of Montana and California. Seasonal differences in hypericins were analyzed in Oregon plants only. Mean floral concentration of pseudohypericin (0.29%) and hypericin (0.06%) were highest during anthesis coinciding with July and August sampling dates, whereas mean leaf concentrations (0.19 and 0.04%, respectively) were highest in August.Key words: Hypericum perforatum, hypericin, St. John's wort, leaf glands, noxious weed, medicinal plant.

scholarly journals KRITERIA PENANDA SELEKSI PRODUKTIVITAS TERNA DAN ASIATIKOSIDA PADA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
BUDI MARTONO ◽  
MUNIF GHULAMAHDI ◽  
LATIFAH K. DARUSMAN ◽  
SANDRA ARIFIN AZIZ ◽  
NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Length Width ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection Of

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keberhasilan  seleksi  produktivitas  terna  dan  produktivitasasiatikosida yang tinggi ditentukan oleh kriteria seleksi yang sesuai. Adabeberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari kriteria seleksi,salah satu diantaranya adalah dengan memanfaatkan analisis lintas (Pathanalysis). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola hubungan antarkomponen pertumbuhan dengan produksi terna dan produksi asiatikosidaberdasarkan nilai korelasi, pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung, sertanilai heritabilitas pada 16 nomor koleksi plasma nutfah pegagan. Penelitiandilakukan di KP. Cimanggu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik(BALITTRO) antara bulan Juli-November 2007, dengan menggunakanrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 2 kali. Intensitas cahayayang digunakan 75%. Komponen pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputijumlah, panjang, dan diameter tangkai daun; jumlah, panjang, lebar, luas,dan tebal daun; serta jumlah sulur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapeubah panjang dan diameter tangkai daun; serta panjang, lebar, luas, dantebal daun berkorelasi positif sangat nyata terhadap produksi terna.Berdasarkan analisis lintas, panjang, dan diameter tangkai daun, panjang,lebar, luas, dan tebal daun berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap produksiterna melalui peubah lainnya. Seleksi terhadap produksi terna secara tidaklangsung dapat dilakukan melalui seleksi panjang dan diameter tangkaidaun, dan panjang, lebar, luas, serta tebal daun. Seleksi genotipe pegagandengan produksi terna yang tinggi melalui panjang dan diameter tangkaidaun; dan panjang, lebar; serta luas daun lebih efektif dibandingkandengan melalui tebal daun karena kelima peubah tersebut mempunyai nilaiheritabilitas yang tinggi. Panjang tangkai daun, luas dan tebal daun, sertajumlah sulur mempunyai korelasi positif nyata dan sangat nyata denganproduksi asiatikosida. Luas daun dan jumlah sulur berpengaruh tidaklangsung terhadap produksi asiatikosida melalui peubah lainnya. Panjangtangkai daun dan tebal daun secara langsung berperan dalam menentukanproduksi asiatikosida. Seleksi produktivitas asiatikosida yang tinggimelalui peubah panjang tangkai daun akan memberikan respon yang lebihcepat karena memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi.</p><p>Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, terna, asiatikosida, analisislintas, heritabilitas</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Criterion of Marker Selection of Fresh Shoot andAsiaticoside Productivity of Asiatic Pennywort (Centellaasiatica (L.) Urban)</p><p>Selection of asiatic pennywort for high fresh shoot and asiaticosideproduction is determined by using appropriate selection criterion. Thereare several methods that can be applied, one among those is using the pathanalysis. The research was aimed to study the correlation analysis betweengrowth and production variables, direct and indirect effects, and theheritability of sixteen accessions. The experiment was conducted atCimanggu Experimental Station of Indonesian Medicinal and AromaticCrops Research Institute (ISMECRI) Bogor, Indonesia from July untilNovember 2007. The research was arranged using randomized completeblock design (RCBD) with two replications. Sixteen accessions and 75%light intensity were used. The growth components observed were number,length, and diameter of leaf petiole; number, length, width, area, andthickness of leaf; and number of stolon. The results showed that leafpetiole length and diameter, leaf length, width, area, and thicknesspositively and significantly correlated with fresh shoot production. Theleaf petiole length and diameter, leaf length, width, area, and thicknessindirectly affected fresh shoot production through other variables. The leafpetiole length and diameter; leaf length, width, area, and thickness couldbe indirectly selected as fresh shoot production variables. Selection ofasiatic pennywort genotype with high fresh shoot production through leafpetiole length and diameter; leaf length, width, and area were moreeffective compared to through leaf thickness, because the five variableshave high heritability values. Correlations between leaf petiole length, leafarea and thickness, and number of stolon with asiaticoside production werepositive and significant. The leaf area and number of stolon indirectlyaffected asiaticoside production through other variables. The length andthe thickness of leaf directly influenced the asiaticoside production. Leafpetiole length, which has high heritability value, can be used as variable toselect high asiaticoside production of asiatic pennywort.</p><p>Key words : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, shoot production, asiaticoside,path analysis, heritability</p>

Early Growth of Santalum album in Relation to Shade

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Barrett ◽  
JED Fox
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Shade Plants

Morphological features of the hemi-parasite Santalum album Linn. (Indian sandalwood) were examined on tree seedlings raised under different shade treatments. Treatment levels were full sun and 32, 50, 70 and 80% shade. The level of shade significantly affected many morphological characteristics. Leaf area was least in full sun and greater under all shade levels. Leaves were thicker, shorter and narrower in full sun than in 80% shade. Leaf length/width ratio was greater when shade exceeded 50%. Petioles were shorter in 50% and more shade. Leaves in 80% shade had more chlorophyll and were of greater weight. Stomatal numbers were higher and internodes longer in 80% shade than in full sun. None of the following showed significant differences: plant heights, leaf numbers, crown widths and stem diameters. Chlorophyll concentrations are within the range of those possessed by non-parasitic land plants. On balance 80% shade plants had adaptive attributes more favourable to growth than plants from less shade. Survival was least in full sun.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Robusta Coffee As a Response to Different Altitude in Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Erwin Prastowo ◽  
Rina Arimarsetiowati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Key Issues

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey in Lampung aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different altitudes.Local superior coffee clones were selected from eight farms, and subjected to identifications. Three key issues were concerned for both quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits, and qualitatively such as leaves and fruit characteristics, i.e. colour and shape. The analysis shows a similarity of about 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, -width, and -thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and -width, and number of productive branches. It was revealed that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicated a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. A high heterogeneity related to environmental conditions, genotypic variations, plant nutritional status, and agronomic practices, which unable to confirm in the present study, may limit the specific conclusions.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Powdery Mildew Caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. poae on Poa pratensis in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Zhu ◽  
Jie Ji ◽  
Wenqi Shi ◽  
YongFang Li
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Length Width

Poa pratensis, known as bluegrass, is a perennial grass and one of the best varieties with highly valued pasture and turf grass uses. It is widely grown on golf courses and used for lawns in squares and parks (Luo et al. 2020). During April and May 2020, powdery mildew-like signs and symptoms were observed on leaves of P. pratensis in Muye Park, Xinxiang city (35.3°N; 113.9°E), Henan Province, China. White or grayish powdery masses in spots- or coalesced lesions were abundant on the adaxial surfaces of leaves and covered up to 90 % of the leaf area. Some of the mildew-infested leaves appeared chlorotic or began senescence. Mildew-infested leaves were collected to microscopically observe the morphological characteristics of this pathogen. Conidiophores were composed of foot cells, followed by one or two cells, and conidia. The ellipsoid- shaped conidia (n = 50) were 25 - 36 × 10 - 15 μm (length × width), on average 30 × 13 μm, with a length/width ratio of 2.3. Foot-cells (n = 15) were 30 - 44 μm long and 7 - 15 μm wide. On leaf surfaces, germinated conidia produced a short primary germ tube and then a long secondary germ tube that finally differentiated into a hooked appressorium. Chasmothecia were not found. Based on these morphological characteristics, the pathogen was initially identified as B. graminis f. sp. poae, the known forma specialis (f. sp.) of B. graminis on P. pratensis (Braun and Cook 2012; Troch et al. 2014). Mycelia of the pathogen were scraped from infected leaves and total genomic DNA was isolated using the method described previously (Zhu et al. 2019). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified applying primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990). The amplicon was cloned and sequenced by Invitrogen (Shanghai, China). The obtained sequence for the pathogen was deposited into GenBank under Accession No. MT892956 and was 100 % identical (549/549 bp) to B. graminis on P. pratensis (AB273530) (Inuma et al. 2007). In addition, the phylogenetic analysis clearly showed that the identified fungus and B. graminis f. sp. poae were clustered in the same branch. To perform pathogenicity analysis, leaf surfaces of eight healthy plants were inoculated by dusting fungal conidia from diseased leaves. Eight non-inoculated plants served as a control. The non-inoculated and inoculated plants were separately maintained in two growth chambers (humidity, 60 %; light/dark, 16 h/8 h; temperature, 18 ℃). Twelve to fourteen days after inoculation, B. graminis signs were visible on inoculated leaves, while control plants remained healthy. The pathogenicity assays were repeated twice and showed same results. Therefore, based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis, the pathogen was identified and confirmed as B. graminis f. sp. poae. This pathogen has been reported on P. pratensis in Switzerland and Japan (Inuma et al. 2007). This is, to our best knowledge, the first disease note reporting B. graminis on P. pratensis in China. Because the hybridization of B. graminis formae speciales (ff. spp.). allow the pathogens to adapt to new hosts, P. pratensis may serve as a primary inoculum reservoir of B. graminis to threaten other species, including cereal crops (Klingeman et al. 2018; Menardo et al. 2016). In addition, powdery mildew may negatively affect the yield and quality of grasses. Our report expands the knowledge of B. graminis f. sp. poae and provides the fundamental information for future powdery mildew control.

scholarly journals Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) Characterization of Neolamarckia Cadamba Genetic Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
R. Thirunirai Selvan ◽  
K. T. Parthiban ◽  
B. Palanikumaran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Bark Texture

Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadam) genetic resources were characterised Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) traits based on International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants12 guidelines. Twenty-five clones of kadam were characterised based on the morphological characters of leaf and bark with 12 descriptors. Among these 12 descriptors, 9 were qualitative traits viz., leaf shape, Leaf base shape, apex shape, leaf margin, leaf venation, base symmetry, Waxiness in upper side of leaf, bark colour and bark texture and 3 were quantitative characters viz., leaf length, leaf breath, leaf petiole length. The study exhibited significant variations among the genetic resources investigated for various DUS traits, which could act as reference traits for developing variety to protect the genetic resources through Intellectual Property Rights.

scholarly journals Morphological, molecular and pathogenic characterization of Phytophthora palmivora isolates causing black pod rot of cacao in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e1003
Author(s):  
Eleonora Rodríguez-Polanco ◽  
Juan G. Morales ◽  
Melissa Muñoz-Agudelo ◽  
José D. Segura ◽  
Martha L. Carrero
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Aim of study: To characterize isolates of Phytophthora sp. causing black pod rot (BPR) of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.).Area of study: Eight cocoa-growing regions in Colombia.Material and methods: Sixty isolates of Phytophthora sp. were obtained from tissues of cacao pods showing symptoms of BPR. Isolates were characterized using the morphology of sporangia and chlamydospores, molecular sequencing of regions of nuclear DNA (rDNA-ITS) and mitochondrial (COX) and virulence in different genotypes of cocoa pods.Main results: A high phenotypic variability between the isolates was determined, being the pedicel length and the length/width ratio (L/W) the most stable characters for species identification. Short pedicels with an average of 3.13 μm ± 0.28 and a length/width ratio of sporangia (L/W) with an average of 1.55 μm ± 0.11 were established as the most consistent morphological characteristics within palmivora species.Research highlights: Phytophthora pamivora was the only species associated to BPR, identified using morphology together with sequence analyses.

scholarly journals Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Involved in Ornamental Traits in Alstroemeria

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Ho Han ◽  
Herman J. van Eck ◽  
Marjo J. De Jeu ◽  
Evert Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Color Traits ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Main Color

An F1 population, derived from an intraspecific cross between two Alstroemeria aurea accessions, was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in ornamental and morphological characteristics. One QTL for leaf length was mapped on linkage group three of both parents near marker E+ACCT/M+CGCA-I165 explaining 20% and 14.8% phenotypic variation. Two putative QTL were detected on leaf width on A002-3 and A002-6. One QTL and three putative QTL, involved in the leaf length/width ratio were identified accounting for 46.7% of the phenotypic variance in total. Significant interaction was observed between two QTL, S+AC/M+ACT-I162 and S+AC/M+AGA-I465 in a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the main color of the flower one QTL and putative QTL accounted for up to 60% of phenotypic variance suggesting simple genetic control of flower color. A two-way ANOVA of these QTL suggested an epistatic interaction. A QTL was detected for color of the inner side of outer lateral tepal with 26.5% of the phenotypic variance explained. This QTL was also associated with main color of the flower just below the 95% threshold value. Two QTL were detected with the Kruskal-Wallis test for the tip color of inner lateral tepal near QTL for other flower color traits. Consequently flower color traits were significantly correlated. A QTL and a putative QTL for the flower size was mapped near marker E+ACCG/M+CGCT-I193 and E+ACCG/M+CGCG-197, respectively. One putative QTL was detected for the stripe width of the inner lateral tepal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document