scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Robusta Coffee As a Response to Different Altitude in Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Erwin Prastowo ◽  
Rina Arimarsetiowati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Key Issues

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey in Lampung aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different altitudes.Local superior coffee clones were selected from eight farms, and subjected to identifications. Three key issues were concerned for both quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits, and qualitatively such as leaves and fruit characteristics, i.e. colour and shape. The analysis shows a similarity of about 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, -width, and -thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and -width, and number of productive branches. It was revealed that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicated a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. A high heterogeneity related to environmental conditions, genotypic variations, plant nutritional status, and agronomic practices, which unable to confirm in the present study, may limit the specific conclusions.

scholarly journals Characteristics of coffee as a response to different environmental conditions in Lampung: I. Morphological variations

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Erwin Prastowo ◽  
Rina Arimarsetiowati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Robusta Coffee

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish their both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different environmental conditions, i.e. altitudes, slopes, and micro-climates, in Lampung.  Local superior coffee clones were selected from 8 farms to evaluate in terms of their yield components and growth characters. Three key issues are considered to observe quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits. The qualitative characteristics of leaves and cherries, i.e. colour and shape, were also assessed to support the comparative data analysis. The results show a similarity of ca. 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis shows a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, fruit width, and fruit thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and width, and the number of productive branches. Conversely, part of yield component, such as weight of fruits, may be affected by altitude as some accessions, e.g. number 1 and 8, demonstrating a pronounced character in the principal component analysis. The same analysis reveals that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicate a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that environmental condition variation in Lampung may affect to a lesser extent the morphological characters of Robusta coffee.

scholarly journals Do we have infraspecific taxa of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. (Lamiaceae) in Iran?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Reza Rezakhanlou ◽  
A V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Width

<p><em>Salvia multicaulis</em> is a widespread species of Lamiaceae family in Iran. There are many discussions about its infraspecific variations. Although some varieties were definite for this species in various parts of the world, no infraspecific taxon was reported in Iran and all samples of this species were named as S. multicaulis. In this study, morphological characteristics of S. multicaulis populations, naturally growing in Iran, was examined. Twenty-two traits were examined in 94 individuals of this species to<br />identify their phenotypic difference. Most of the investigated features were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for some characteristics such as basal leaf shape, basal leaf width, basal leaf length/ width ratio and basal petiole length. Significant positive/negative correlations were observed between some morphological variables. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were found between the eastern distribution of populations with basal leaf petiole length and basal leaf length/ width ratio. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, populations were divided into two main branches. The first branch contained four populations, while the second branch was bigger and clustered in two sub-branches. In one of them,<br />three populations and in another one the rest populations arranged in two groups. CA joined plot confirmed that each of studied populations or group of populations had distinct morphological trait(s), which were useful in identification of them. Our findings supported population no. 13 had unique morphological traits such as the largest bracts and basal leaf petiole, highest flower number of each inflorescence cycle, widest and largest calyx. The conservation of the highly diverse populations of<br />Iranian S. multicaulis is recommended.</p>

Regional differences in hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations and five morphological traits among Hypericum perforatum plants in the northwestern United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Walker ◽  
Tara Sirvent ◽  
Donna Gibson ◽  
Nan Vance
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
Noxious Weed

Geographic differences among Hypericum perforatum L. plants in concentration of two hypericins and five morphological characteristics were analyzed in plants collected from four sites each in northern California and western Montana and two sites in Oregon. Differences among regional collections of H. perforatum were assessed based on analysis of hypericin and pseudohypericin concentration in floral, leaf, and stem tissue; light and dark leaf gland density; leaf area; leaf length/width ratio; and stem height. Significant differences in morphological and biochemical traits were detected primarily between samples collected from California and Montana. California samples had higher concentrations of hypericins, greater leaf gland density, larger leaves, and taller stems than those from Montana. Overall, Oregon samples did not consistently differentiate from those of Montana and California. Seasonal differences in hypericins were analyzed in Oregon plants only. Mean floral concentration of pseudohypericin (0.29%) and hypericin (0.06%) were highest during anthesis coinciding with July and August sampling dates, whereas mean leaf concentrations (0.19 and 0.04%, respectively) were highest in August.Key words: Hypericum perforatum, hypericin, St. John's wort, leaf glands, noxious weed, medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Variation for Fruit Morphological Characteristics in a Capsicum chinense Jacq. Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lawrence Jarret ◽  
Terry Berke
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Test For Normality

Mature fruit of 330 accessions of Capsicum chinense Jacq. from the USDA/ARS Capsicum germplasm collection were characterized for fruit length, width, weight, and color. Mean fruit length was determined to be 47 mm with a range from 7.9 mm to 113.7 mm. Mean fruit width was 21.17 mm with a range of 6.18 mm to 40.0 mm. Mean fruit weight was 6.31 g with a range of 0.18 g to 22.7 g. Distributions of all characteristics were positively skewed. Distributions of fruit length, fruit weight, and fruit length/width failed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality. The distribution for fruit width was normal. Ninety-two percent of the accessions examined were elongate. Mature fruit colors included red, orange, yellow, brown (chocolate), and cream. The germplasm collection contained primarily pendent larger-fruited cultivated forms of the species, but also contained upright small-fruited primitive and semipendent transitional forms. These data define the variability for mature fruit characteristics within this germplasm collection and provide a baseline against which future introductions/acquisitions can be compared. Additional sampling of the gene pool might be expected to substantially enhance the genetic variability within the primitive forms of this species.

scholarly journals Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Genotype Affects Gall Midge (Spurgia esulae) Establishment

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Martha L. Rowe ◽  
Donald J. Lee ◽  
Robert A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Dna Restriction

Greenhouse cage studies were conducted to determine the influence of shoot morphology and genetic variation on establishment ofSpurgia esulaegall midge on seven leafy spurge genotypes. The genotypes were collected from South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Manitoba, and Austria. Genotypes from South Dakota and Nebraska were most susceptible to gall formation and had the highest larvae survival, while the genotypes from Montana and Manitoba were most resistant. Morphological characteristics of the leafy spurge stem tips, such as stem diameter, leaf length, width, and area did not correlate with gall formation or larvae survival. Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the genotypes identified six chloroplast types among the seven leafy spurge genotypes. The two genotypes most resistant to galling byS. esulae, Manitoba and Montana, had the same chloroplast genotype, but also were closely related to the two most susceptible genotypes. Because eggs were laid on all genotypes, it appears that adult females were not preferentially selecting appropriate host genotypes, but that egg and larvae survival was strongly influenced by genotype.

scholarly journals Screening of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm against salinity

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Malek ◽  
M Obaidul Islam ◽  
M Mamtazul ◽  
MK Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Out of 78 germplasm of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), 67 germplasm (86%) survived against high salinity (13.82 ds/m) when screened at Benarpota, Satkhira, Khulna. These germplasm showed morphological variations in growth habit, leaf lobes, leaf pubescence, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit skin texture, flesh colour, flesh flavor, flesh texture, fruit splitting, fruit aroma, fruit size, seed coat colour, fruit skin colour at fully formed fruit and fruit skin colour at seed harvest maturity. The other qualitative characters, such as tendrils and flowering habit did not show morphological variations. Quantitative variations were observed in leaf length, leaf width, days to staminate flowering, days to pistillate flowering, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, flesh thickness, number of seeds per fruit, days to fruit harvest and 1000-seed weight. Among the germplasm, BD-2255 and BD-9159 had no splitting of fruits. Therefore, these two germplasm can be selected for this trait. The characters, such as number fruits per plant and fruit weight exhibited highest number of fruits per plant (21) and maximum fruit weight (6.25 kg). These two characters should also be considered for improvement of muskmelon. Highest CV (%) was found in number of fruits per plants (36.35) followed by fruit weight (33.86). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 465-472, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12124

Early Growth of Santalum album in Relation to Shade

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Barrett ◽  
JED Fox
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Shade Plants

Morphological features of the hemi-parasite Santalum album Linn. (Indian sandalwood) were examined on tree seedlings raised under different shade treatments. Treatment levels were full sun and 32, 50, 70 and 80% shade. The level of shade significantly affected many morphological characteristics. Leaf area was least in full sun and greater under all shade levels. Leaves were thicker, shorter and narrower in full sun than in 80% shade. Leaf length/width ratio was greater when shade exceeded 50%. Petioles were shorter in 50% and more shade. Leaves in 80% shade had more chlorophyll and were of greater weight. Stomatal numbers were higher and internodes longer in 80% shade than in full sun. None of the following showed significant differences: plant heights, leaf numbers, crown widths and stem diameters. Chlorophyll concentrations are within the range of those possessed by non-parasitic land plants. On balance 80% shade plants had adaptive attributes more favourable to growth than plants from less shade. Survival was least in full sun.

scholarly journals Minimizing Lentil Harvest Loss through Improved Agronomic Practices in Sustainable Agro-Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1896
Author(s):  
Tony Yang ◽  
Kui Liu ◽  
Lee Poppy ◽  
Alick Mulenga ◽  
Cindy Gampe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
The Impact

Lentils are one of the most common legume crops used to diversify the cereal-oilseed cropping system in semi-arid environments. Lentils are a major source of protein and fiber for human consumption worldwide. However, the morphological characteristics of lentil plants—such as a short stem and low pod positioning—and complicated combine harvesting methods often result in yield loss. This also increases the susceptibility of a lentil crop to disease and render it less competitive against weeds. As a result, producers have resorted to using pesticides in order to mitigate the effects of weeds and disease. As a consequence, there have been undesirable negative environmental impacts on sustainable agroecosystems. Although land rolling, stubble management, and pesticide usage are common agronomic practices used to increase lentil yield and mitigate the issues associated with its morphology, their comprehensive effects on lentil growth and harvest loss are still not fully understood. In this study, we examined the impact of stubble management, the timing of land rolling, and the application of common fungicides and herbicides on lentil growth and yield. We found that stubble management and the timing of rolling modified lentil morphological structures, and thus impacted lentil yield and seed loss. These results were influenced by environmental factors, such as precipitation during the growing season. Although the results did not show significant interaction between fungicide application and lentil growth and yield, herbicide applications, stubble management, and the timing of rolling, along with common pesticide application strategies tested in our study, showed effects that were dependent on environmental conditions. Based on our results, we concluded that stubble management and the timing of rolling, combined with pesticide applications, can affect lentil seed loss and yield by modifying plant morphology. This was largely influenced by environmental conditions such as precipitation.

scholarly journals Variability in leaf morphological characters of Valeriana officinalis L. and V. alternifolia Ledeb

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
D. A. Khaliullin ◽  
◽  
M. M. Ishmuratova ◽  
A. R. Ishbirdin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Length Width

Presents the results of a comparative morphological analysis of the variability of 9 quantitative and quali-tative characteristics of the leaf (length, width and index of the leaf, the number (or number of pairs) of leaf lobes, length, width and index of the lateral leaf lobe, the number of denticles along the edge of the leaf lobe, leaves in a sample with entire and toothed edges of the leaf blade) of closely related species Va-leriana officinalis L. and V. alternifolia (Bunge) Ledeb. Samples of 7 cenopopulations of V. officinalis (South Urals) and 5 cenopopulations of V. alternifolia (Central Yakutia) served as the material for the analysis. In both species, the levels of variability of morphological traits of the leaf are not lower than the average, predominantly increased, the least variable trait is the number of pairs of leaf lobes. In the sam-ple of V. alternifolia, the prevailing frequency of occurrence of leaves with a certain number of leaf lobes is not expressed; most values fall within a wide range from 11 to 17 pcs. (5-8 pairs) leaf lobes; in the sample of V. officinalis, there is a pronounced peak in the number of leaf lobes equal to 16 pcs. (8 pairs), most of the leaves fall in the range from 14 to 18 pcs. (7-9 pairs) leaf lobes. Valeriana alternifolia is characterized by relatively small leaves with 5-8 pairs of narrow lobes, mostly whole-edged. Valeriana officinalis is characterized by relatively large and elongated leaves with 7-9 pairs of relatively wide lobes with several denticles along the edge. To differentiate closely related species, the following quantitative morphological characteristics of a leaf can be reliably used: length, width and index, number of leaf lobes, length, width and leaf lobe index.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Wild Populations of Brycon dentex (Characidae, Teleostei) in the Guayas Hydrographic Basin (Ecuador). The Impact of Fishing Policies and Environmental Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Ana Gonzalez-Martinez ◽  
Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero ◽  
Martin González ◽  
Jorge Rodriguez ◽  
Cecilio Barba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Body Development ◽  
The Impact

The Guayas, located in Ecuador, is the largest basin in the Pacific Ocean and has an inventory of 123 native freshwater species. Most of these are endemic species that are threatened or at-risk due to anthropogenic activity and the modification, fragmentation, and destruction of habitats. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric variation in three wild populations of Brycon dentex in the Guayas basin rivers and their connections to fishing management and environmental conditions. A total of 200 mature fish were captured, and 26 morphometric parameters were measured. The fishing policies (Hypothesis 1) and environmental conditions (Hypothesis 2) were considered fixed factors and were validated by t-tests. The morphological variation among the three populations (Hypothesis 3) was validated through a discriminant analysis. Fishing policies and resource management were found to generate morphological differences associated with body development. In addition, the environmental conditions were found to influence the size and structure of Brycon dentex populations. The analyzed populations were discriminated by the generated morphometric models, which differentiated Cluster 1 (Quevedo and Mocache rivers) with high fishing pressure from Cluster 2 (Pintado river) with medium–low fishing pressure. Morphometric differentiation by discriminant analysis is a direct and economic methodology that can be applied as an indicator of diversity maintenance.

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