Вплив глюкозовмісних моноцукрів на симбіотичнi властивостi бульбочкових бактерій сої та формування урожаю рослинами

<p><span lang="EN-US">The symbiotic properties of soybean nodule bacteria, root nodules forming (nodulation ability), nitrogen-fixing activity and efficiency under the influence of monosaccharides (0.01 M glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) on rhizobium culture were investigated in greenhouse with sandy soils. Nodulation activity and efficiency was estimated by the number and weight of the nodules formed on the roots of plants; by the formation of vegetative mass and by the yield of soybean seeds. Nitrogenase activity was determined by acetylene-reductase method. The control variant was inoculated by monoculture of soybean rhizobium. A significant increase in the degree of realization of the nodulation ability of rhizobium has been established under the influence of glucose-containing monosaccharides on the culture of microorganisms. Adding glucose to bacteria led to increase the average number of nodules per plant by 1.6, 2.2, and 1.7 times respectively in the phase of development of two true leaves, flowering and active bean formation in soybean. At the same time the weight of the root nodules was increased by 1.4, 2.3, and 1.4 times respectively as compared to control. The number of root nodules was increased by 2.2, 2.3, and 1.4 times as compared to the control while of glucosamine was used; while the </span><span lang="EN-US">weight of these nodules were 2.1 and 1.9 times higher than control in the phase of development of two true leaves and flowering, while in the phase of active beans formation it did not differ from control.</span><span lang="EN-US">T</span><span lang="UK">he functional activity</span><span lang="UK">of the soybean symbiotic </span><span lang="EN-US">system that was formed by</span><span lang="UK"> rhizobial culture </span><span lang="EN-US">and modified by </span><span lang="UK">glucose</span><span lang="EN-US">, had </span><span lang="UK">the highest positive effect, since the nitrogen</span><span lang="EN-US">-fixing</span><span lang="UK"> activity remained stable and </span><span lang="EN-US">was </span><span lang="UK">2.1 and 1.7 times</span><span lang="EN-US"> higher than control.</span><span lang="EN-US">Rhizobia, to suspension of which we added glucosamine, formed a symbiosis with activity that was 1.7 times higher than monoculture in the flowering phase, but later it was at the control level. We registered that inoculants on the basis of bacteria and glucose-containing monosaccharides activated seeds germination. The first true leaf of plants (up to 3.5 times higher than control), their above green mass (25-27% higher) and root system (10-16% higher) were actively formed while we used inoculant with rhizobia and glucose. Plants in the variant with the pre-sowing inoculation of seeds by bacteria and glucosamine almost did not differ from the control.</span><span lang="EN-US">The yield of soybean seeds significantly exceeded (up to 14%) the crop, produced by plants with inoculation by monoculture of rhizobia under the influence of glucose-containing monosaccharides. We indicated high efficiency of soybean-rhizobium symbiosis formed by nodule bacteria modified of glucose-containing monosaccharides. </span><span lang="UK">Thus, the use of glucose-containing mono</span><span lang="EN-US">saccherides </span><span lang="UK">as additional </span><span lang="EN-US">“green” and </span><span lang="UK">safe natural agents in complex inoculants with </span><span lang="EN-US">nodule </span><span lang="UK">soybean bacteria promotes a more complete implementation of the symbiotic and productive potential of soybean-rhizobial symbiosis compared with the use for seed</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span lang="UK"> pre-sowing treatment </span><span lang="EN-US">only </span><span lang="UK">of rhizobia monoculture in </span><span lang="EN-US">greenhouse </span><span lang="UK">with sandy </span><span lang="EN-US">culture</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p>