Biochemical and molecular-genetic markers of adaptability and quality of genotypes in cultural and wild cereal plants

We proved that plants A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum, T. sphaerococcum, T. vavilovii, T. persicum, T. araraticum, T. aestivum var. barbarossa, and T. aestivum var. ferrugineum, owning high drought resistance, have a stable high productive potential and quality indicators of grain (protein, gluten, dietary fiber content), that allows use them in the production of products functional purpose (bakery, confectionery, sour-dairy products, including yoghurts, and dessert cheese). Implementation mechanisms are disclosed adaptive potential plants of cultural and wild cereals by biochemical (protein content, gluten, starch in seeds, the presence of gliadin proteins (Glі-1В1, Glі-6D2, Glі-6D3, Glі-6В2), molecular-genetic markers (allele genes of drought resistance – Dreb А1, Dreb В1, Dreb D1; glutenins Glu-D1) and morphological-ontogenetic criteria. For the first time for successful address introduction cultural and wild cereal plants suggested by the criteria of mechanisms drought resistance to rank plants by potential ecological valence regarding the unfavorable hydrothermal regime. Differentiation of genotypes based on elements of plant strategies: features of their ontogeny, morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters, biochemical and molecular-genetic markers. In this connection, genotypes of cultural and wild cereal plants in conditions in sіtu by sensitivity on the effect of hydrothermal stress are divided into xerophytic, mesophytic and intermediate – xerophytic-mesophytic types of development. That's it ranking underlying on the principles of autecological approach, manifestation of a multi-level system of answers plant organisms at different levels of integration, as adaptive reactions. In particular, mechanisms such as: functional stability (stipulated structural and functional features of plants), morphological tolerance (the ability of plants to resist damage without reducing performance), ontogenetic evasion (stability due to features ontogenetic development), ecological plasticity of the organism and plant populations as a whole. The obtained results of the biochemical and molecular genetic markers of adaptability and quality indicators of genotypes cultural (wheat, triticale, rye) and wild cereals (A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum and others) are important in breeding and successive targeted use in the food industry are given.

Download Full-text

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW APPROACHES TO THE LIFETIME ASSESSMENT OF CATTLE BY 3D VISUALIZATION OF THE ECONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

BIOTECHNOLOGY: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES ◽

10.37747/2312-640x-2021-19-344-345 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (19) ◽

pp. 344-345

Author(s):

y A.N. Rucha

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

3D Visualization ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Qualitative Composition ◽

High Quality ◽

Research Directions ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Molecular Genetic Markers ◽

New Approaches ◽

Productive Potential

The article presents the latest research directions aimed at increasing the production of high-quality beef by means of a lifetime assessment of the productive potential of cattle due to the inclusion of molecular genetic markers associated with economically useful traits and knowledge about the qualitative composition of slaughter carcasses and cuts.

Download Full-text

Molecular genetic markers for thyroid FNAB

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1616610 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (03) ◽

pp. 94-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. B. Musholt ◽

T. J. Musholt

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

Thyroid Malignancy ◽

Thyroid Carcinomas ◽

Molecular Genetic Markers ◽

The Impact

SummaryAim: Thyroid nodules > 1 cm are observed in about 12% of unselected adult employees aged 18–65 years screened by ultrasound scan (40). While intensive ultrasound screening leads to early detection of thyroid diseases, the determination of benign or malignant behaviour remains uncertain and may trigger anxieties in many patients and their physicians. A considerable number of thyroid resections are consecutively performed due to suspicion of malignancy in the detected nodes. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been recommended for the assessment of thyroid nodules to facilitate detection of thyroid carcinomas but also to rule out malignancy and thereby avoid unnecessary thyroid resections. However, cytology results are dependent on experience of the respective cytologist and unfortunately inconclusive in many cases. Methods: Molecular genetic markers are already used nowadays to enhance sensitivity and specificity of FNAB cytology in some centers in Germany. The most clinically relevant molecular genetic markers as pre-operative diagnostic tools and the clinical implications for the intraoperative and postoperative management were reviewed. Results: Molecular genetic markers predominantly focus on the preoperative detection of thyroid malignancies rather than the exclusion of thyroid carcinomas. While some centers routinely assess FNABs, other centers concentrate on FNABs with cytology results of follicular neoplasia or suspicion of thyroid carcinoma. Predominantly mutations of BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and PAX8/PPARγ or expression of miRNAs are analyzed. However, only the detection of BRAF mutations predicts the presence of (papillary) thyroid malignancy with almost 98% probability, indicating necessity of oncologic thyroid resections irrespective of the cytology result. Other genetic alterations are associated with thyroid malignancy with varying frequency and achieve less impact on the clinical management. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis of FNABs is increasingly performed in Germany. Standardization, quality controls, and validation of various methods need to be implemented in the near future to be able to compare the results. With increasing knowledge about the impact of genetic alterations on the prognosis of thyroid carcinomas, recommendations have to be defined that may lead to individually optimized treatment strategies.

Download Full-text