scholarly journals Forest birds of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
L. M. Moroz ◽  
E. D. Andriienko ◽  
S. O. Liulenko ◽  
S. L. Hrabovska ◽  
T. A. Nebykova
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
The Right

Forest biogeocenosis is a necessary environment for the normal existence of many species of wild animals, including birds. Recently, however, a gradual decrease in their numbers is observed in most forest areas of the Forest-Steppe zone. This indicator is one of the most important criteria for estimation of the general condition of this or that ecosystem. In this regard, specialists-zoologists, ornithologists, etc. pay great attention to the study of this issue (Koval' N.F. 1982). Currently, there is a quite extensive and often conflicting material regarding the number of birds. The most fundamental is the book by D. Lack, “The number of animals and its regulation in nature” (1957), which shows the influence of the food supply, the number of nesting places, “shelters”, and enemies on the reproductive ability, survival and general dynamics of the number of many bird species. Determining the breeding intensity of specific species populations of bird, we proposed to use the so-called productivity coefficient, which allows us to compare both the degree of biomass stability over the breeding period during a number of years and its geographical differences. The total number of birds on nesting can be different in various parts of the range under the influence of environmental conditions. The number of birds nesting on the ground and in the underwood has recently decreased significantly due to the large recreational burden of forest cenoses. Consideration of the dynamics of the number of daytime predatory birds and owls is of special attention. Their numbers have recently stabilized, although it continues to decline in some regions according to the available literary data. Ornithologists consider this mainly as a consequence of environmental pollution, killing of birds by humans, destruction of their habitats. The number of animal populations, for example, can vary significantly during the year or on average over the years. It is determined by the breeding rate and mortality of individuals. The breeding rate of birds is directly dependent on the size of egg laying, the success of eggs brooding and the percentage of flying out of viable young animals, which in total determines the success of breeding.

scholarly journals USE OF FOREST SITE CAPACITY BY FORESTS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
O. V. Kobets ◽  
M. G. Rumiantsev
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Oak

The forest site capacity using was quantitatively assessed for the stands of the main forest-forming species of Ukraine, Scots pine and common oak, taking into account natural zones and forest types. The tables of productivity of modal and highly productive pine and oak stands have been developed. It has been found that the stands use an average of 50–75 % of the forest site capacity of lands. The average weighted value of the capacity used by pine forests was 68–76 % in the Polissya zone, 70–78 % and 68–73 % in the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively, and 54–78 % in the Steppe zone. For oak stands, the value was 71–75 % and 63–71 % for the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively and 65–75 % for the Steppe zone. The basis for increasing the productivity of forests was confirmed to be the differentiation of forest management systems and individual forestry activities on a zonal and typological basis.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF LANDSCAPE RESEARCH OF SILVICULTURAL LANDSCAPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Denysyk H.I. ◽  
Kanskyi V.S. ◽  
Hryshko S.V. ◽  
Stefankov L.I.
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
North Western

Specific approaches, principles and methods of cognition of modern silvicultural landscapes are considered; it is stated that due to the fact that the difference between natural and anthropogenic silvicultural landscapes is only in their genesis, in the process of studying silvicultural landscapes, both classical and specific approaches, principles and methods can be used. Among the specific approaches, the historical-cartographic one with the inherent principles of historicism and methods of historical-genetic series of maps, historical-archaeological method is considered in more detail; system-adaptive with the principle of combination and methods of comparison of natural analogues and analysis of final results; landscape-biocoenotic and landscape-ecological with the methods of the leading factor, comparison of disturbed and control biogeocenoses and arealographic, as well as geoinformation approach in the knowledge of silvicultural landscapes. It is shown that all approaches, principles and methods of knowledge of forest anthropogenic landscapes should be applied depending on the available conditions and needs of practice. However, in the process of field research, landscape-biocoenotic and landscape-ecological approaches with their own principles and methods of cognition of forest anthropogenic landscapes were more often used. It is shown that in its implementation landscape scientists not only have the right, but also the obligation to use the rich experience of foresters. It is advisable to characterize the stand in the following order: dominant species by tiers (in tree, shrub and grass), quality, age, height of trees – in meters, trunk diameter – in cm, planting density. In abbreviated form, information about the forest tract is presented in the form of a kind of formula. These approaches, principles and methods were applied in the process of studying the forest anthropogenic landscapes of two regions of Ukraine – Podillia (Forest-Steppe Zone) and North-Western Pryazovia (Steppe Zone). The expediency and necessity of their application are substantiated in the process of dissertation research and confirmed by practice.Key words: Podillia, North-Western Pryazovia, research, silvicultural landscapes, approaches, principles, methods, significance, use. Розглянуто специфічні підходи, принципи і методи пізнання сучасних лісокультурних ланд-шафтів. Зазначено, що у зв’язку з тим, що між натуральними й антропогенними лісовими ландшафтами різниця лише у їх ґенезі, отже, у процесі дослідження лісокультурних ландшафтів можна застосовувати як класичні, так і специфічні підходи, принципи та методи. Серед специфічних під-ходів детальніше розглянуто історико-картографічний з притаманними йому принципами істо-ризму та методами історико-генетичних рядів карт, історико-археологічним методом; системно-адаптивний з принципом сумісництва та методами порівняння натуральних аналогів і аналізу кінцевих результатів; ландшафтно-біоценотичний та ландшафтно-екологічний з методами провідного чинника, порівняння порушених і контрольних біогеоценозів та ареалографічного, а також геоінформаційний підхід у пізнанні лісокультурних ландшафтів. Показано, що всі підходи, принципи і методи пізнання лісових антропогенних ландшафтів необхідно застосовувати залежно від наявних умов та потреб практики. Однак у процесі польових досліджень частіше використовували ландшафтно-біоценотичний і ландшафтно-екологічний підходи з належними їм принципами і методами пізнання лісових антропогенних ландшафтів. У цих підходах у разі картографування лісокультурних урочищ, крім характеристики рельєфу й властивостей ґрунтів, вагоме значення має аналіз деревостану. Показано, шо у його здійсненні ландшафтознавці не лише мають право, але й зобов’язані використовувати багатий досвід лісознавців. Характеристику деревостану доцільно проводити у такому порядку: домінуючі види за ярусами (в деревному, кущовому та трав’яному), бонітет, вік, висота дерев – у метрах, діаметр стовбура – у см, щільність насадження. У скороченому вигляді інформація про лісокультурне урочище представлена у вигляді своєрідної формули. Ці підходи, принципи і методи застосовано у процесі дослідження лісових антропогенних ландшафтів двох регіонів України – Поділля (Лісостепова зона) і Північно- Західного Приазов’я (Степова зона). Доцільність та необхідність їх застосування обґрунтовано у процесі дисертаційних досліджень та підтверджено практикою.Ключові слова: Поділля, Північно-Західне Приазов’я, дослідження, лісокультурні ландшафти, підходи, принципи, методи, значимість, використання.

scholarly journals GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES OF THE LANDSLIDE TERRITORIES OF THE RIGHT BANK OF THE DNIEPER RIVER (FOREST-STEPPE ZONE)

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
S. Vyzhva ◽  
V. Onyshchuk ◽  
I. Onyshchuk ◽  
M. Reva ◽  
O. Shabatura
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Geophysical Method ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Right

The paper discusses the details of the application of geophysical research methods in the study of the landslide areas of the right bank of the Dnieper River within the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Geological and geophysical models of landslides are given. The specific tasks that are posed in studies of landslides were highlighted. There are three stages in studies of landslides which were defined: reconnaissance-methodological, detailed and monitoring. Also, sets of geophysical methods for these stages were designated. It is emphasized that the rational set of geophysical methods in the study of landslide processes is determined for each individual natural environment, taking into account: the possibility of performing field studies by a specific geophysical method on the area; the presence of differentiation of rocks by physical properties, that are used by the specific geophysical method; economic efficiency of application of the geophysical method. As an example, we described some of the results of geophysical studies, which were carried outon exemplary landslidesites onthe right bank of the Dnieper River within the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine near the Trypillia thermal power plant.

scholarly journals The influence of the natural-climate zone on the cattle productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
S. Voitenko ◽  
O. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

It has been highlighted the data of researches as for the influence of natural and climatic zones of Ukraine on display of economically useful signs of the most numerous cattle in the country like Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. It was the grounds to assert the efficiency of resources use in those conditions to which they are most adapted and have genetically determined potential. It was found that cowsof lactation breeding herds in the Forest-steppe zone produced 7344 kg of milk, which is 242 kg and 1125 kg more than in the Steppe and Polissya regions due to significant variation of the characteristic within each climatic zone (Cv = 11.6– 27,5%). The Polissya zone, where the animals' yieldwere 5764 kg, while in other climates 6982–6992 kg, does not contribute to the high productivity of the first lactation cows. It is proved that the duration of the service period in cows of three natural and climatic zones of Ukraine varied from 106 days in Polissya to 126 days – Forest-steppe, but it did not agree with the output of calves per 100 cows, which in 81 Polissya amounted to 82 and Forest-steppe – 79. The heifers of the Steppe zone are inseminated with live weight of 391 kg at the age of 477 days, and the Forest-steppe and Polissya with slightly less 385 kg and 387 kg, respectively, at the age of 493 days and 517 days. There is no significant difference in live weight at the ages of 6, 12 and 18 months between heifers of different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, but the degree of development of the trait after 6 months was slightly better in cattle of the Steppe zone. A positive correlation was found between milk yield of first lactation cows of all natural climatic zones and their live weight at 6, 12 and 18 months of age, as well as negative calf age at first insemination (-0.587 ... -0.810) with significant correlation from the cattle of the Steppe zone. A high correlation coefficient (+0.703) was found in cows between live weight of heifers at first insemination and first lactation in the Polissya region. Key words: natural and climatic zones, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, cows, yield, lactation, live weight, reproductive ability indicators, selection traits.

scholarly journals Особливості біології оленки волохатої (Epicometis Hirta Poda.) та заходи обмеження її шкідливості в промислових насадженнях суниці в зоні лісостепу України

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Ю. П. Яновський ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
Л. П. Михайленко ◽  
Є. В. Чепернатий
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
The Right

Наведено результати досліджень з уточнення біо-логічних особливостей оленки волохатої (Epicometishirta Poda.) в промислових насадженнях суниці в зонілісостепу України. Встановлено, що жуки літаютьу теплі сонячні дні, найбільш інтенсивно з 10 годиниранку до 15 години дня, а вже після 18 години вечората в прохолодні ночі жуки ховалися в ґрунт на глиби-ну 0,5–2,5 см. Фітофаг пошкоджував рослини суниціз фази «висування квітконосів» до закінчення фази«закінчення цвітіння і утворення зав’язі», не надаючиособливої переваги їх сортовому походженню. Пару-вання особин розпочиналося відразу після виходу жу-ків на поверхню ґрунту і тривало до закінчення льотуімаго. Впродовж першої половини травня–кінець червнявідбувалося активне відкладання яєць шкідником уґрунт на глибину до 35 см. Потенційний запас однієїсамиці (у 2–3 прийоми) досягав 34–44 яєць; вона від-кладала по 12–17 яєць у ґрунт у декількох місцях. Від-родження личинок з яєць спостерігалося в ІІ-й декадітравня і тривало до кінця ІІІ-ї декади липня. Личинкижили в ґрунті до кінця серпня–початку вересня і жи-вилися рослинними рештками. Заляльковування роз-починалося з кінця серпня і тривало до половини ве-ресня. Через 15–20 днів з’являлися молоді жуки, щозалишалися зимувати в ґрунті (на необроблених ділян-ках) до весни наступного року. За відсутності прове-дення захисних заходів до 93 % квіток рослин у насад-женнях було пошкоджено цим видом, їх врожайністьзнижувалася до 65 %. Для зниження чисельностіцього виду необхідно застосовувати інсектициди«Моспілан», РП (0,2 кг/га) та «Каліпсо» 480 SC, КС(0,25 л/га).        It is showed the results of studies where the biological peculiarities of Epicometis hirta Poda. are ascertained in industrial plants of strawberries in the right bank of Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine.       It is established that beetles fly in warm sunny days the most intense from 10 a.m. to 15 p.m. and after 18 p.m. and in cool nights beetles hide in the soil in the depth of 0,5–2,5 cm.  Pest has started to harm plants of strawberry starting of phase «nomination of peduncles» to the end of phase «end of flowering and the formation of ovaries» without any preferring of varietal origin. Copulation of individuals was started immediately after beetles appearing on the soil surface and lasted until the end of the adults fly. During the first half of May till the end of June active pests’ eggs laying in the soil on a depth of 35 cm was observed. The potential production of one female (2–3 hours) has reached 34–44 eggs, she postponed 12–17 eggs in the soil in several places. Larvae hatching from eggs was observed in II-decade of May and continued until the end of the III decade of July. The larvae lived in the soil by the end of August – early September and was fed by plant remains. The pupation phase was started from the end of August and lasted until half of September. After 15-20 days there were young beetles that stayed wintering in the soil (in untreated plots) till the next spring. In time of absence of protective measures to 93 % of flower of  plants in plantations were damaged by this pest, their productivity was reduced to 65 %.         For decrease of this pest population it is required to apply insecticide Mospilan, RP (0,2 kg/ha) and Calipso 480 SC, (0,25 l/hа).

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF BIOPRODUCTIVITY OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST–STEPPE ZONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Ю. О. Тараріко ◽  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
Г. І. Личук
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Spatial differentiation of land mollusc fauna in plain territories of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-80
Author(s):  
Nina Gural-Sverlova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Autochthonous Species ◽  
Land Molluscs

The taxonomic and ecological composition of the autochthonous land mollusc fauna in different parts of the plain Ukraine was analyzed on the basis of the personal data, collection materials of the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine in Lviv as well as numerous literature sources. Excluding representatives of the genus Helicopsis, the taxonomy and species composition of which in the territory of Ukraine still require clarification, and the steppe part of the Crimean peninsula, in four landscape zones of Ukraine, currently, a total of 109 species of land molluscs, which are autochthonous for at least part of the analyzed territory, are registered. The maximum species diversity (103 species and 2 representatives of the genus Helicopsis) is recorded in the zone of deciduous forests, followed by the right-bank part of the forest-steppe zone. The smallest number of the autochthonous species of land molluscs was noted for the right-bank part of the steppe zone. Within the Ukrainian Polesie and the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the taxonomic diversity of land molluscs decreases from west to east. The number of the registered autochthonous species decreases, respectively, by 1.5 and 1.7 times, and the generic diversity by 1.3 and 1.5 times. In the steppe zone, the main centre of the species diversity is the Donetsk Upland, located in the east of the country. In taxonomic and ecological composition, land mollusc complexes of the right-bank part of the forest-steppe zone are closer to the zone of deciduous forests, in its left-bank part – to the left-bank steppe. In general, the spatial differentiation of land mollusc fauna in the plain territories of Ukraine is more strongly associated not with the boundaries of landscaped zones, but with the location of these territories with respect to the Dnieper bed and with some uplands, where the species diversity of land molluscs of the zone of deciduous forests and forest-steppe zone (Podolian Upland) and the steppe zone (Donetsk Upland) is concentrated.

scholarly journals Soil invertebrates of the Russian forest-steppes (review of XX-XXI century publications and the revision of the results)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav H. Mordkovich ◽  
Ilya I. Lyubechanskii
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Soil Protozoa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Russian Forest

The review describes the main stages of the formation and development of soil zoology as a science at the intersection of zoology, ecology and soil science, approximately over a century, i.e. from the beginning of the 1920s until now. The analysis of soil-zoological work carried out in the forest-steppe zone, the subject of which was the fauna and population of soil protozoa, worms, molluscs, microarthropods and larger arthropods, collectively referred to as mesofauna. The forest-steppe was chosen as the topic of the review because it is well-studied and because most of the work on this biome was published in Russian, and little is known abroad (which is not surprising, since more than 80% of the forest-steppe territory is located in Russia). The authors reviewed about 170 the most significant works inventorying soil fauna, analyzing its ecological structure and the functional role of its various components, as well as the studies of the anthropogenic impact on soil animal populations. The works are presented on a territorial basis: the west of the European part of the USSR (Russia), the Volga region and West Siberia. The high species richness and originality of the soil fauna in the forest-steppe, its high resistance to natural and anthropogenic influences were shown. At the end, the review indicates some promising directions for soil fauna research in the Russian forest-steppe.

scholarly journals Medieval Sites of Tara Region, the Irtysh Basin: Origin, Chronology, Cultural and Ethnic Attribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
S. F. Tataurov ◽  
S. S. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Extended Position ◽  
Burned Bones ◽  
Irtysh Basin ◽  
Iron Artifacts ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
The Right ◽  
Soil Level

We describe 17 medieval kurgans at Murlinka, dating to the late 1st millennium AD and associated with archaeological sites at Aitkulovo, in the Tarsky District of the Omsk Region, on the right bank of the Irtysh, in the borderland between the forest-steppe and the taiga. The deceased were buried in a supine extended position. Some burials were made on the virgin soil, and some on the buried soil. Most kurgans accommodated one grave, but in some cases the number of graves was two and more. Inside the kurgans, at the buried soil level and above, limb bones of animals and small potsherds were found. In certain graves, traces of fi re, such as partly burned bones, charcoal, ash, or charred earth, were detected. We also found ditches and various structures inside the mounds. In eleven mounds, there were funerary offerings, such as vessels, arrowheads, celts, bits, and ornaments, similar to those found in the graves. We give a detailed description of bronze ornaments and pommels, tools, and belt sets made of white metal, as well as glass and ceramic beads, iron artifacts, details of horse harness, iron and bone weapons, and pottery. Parallels are found in the taiga regions of the Middle Ob, Ural, and the steppe zone of northern Altai. We discuss the chronology and cultural attribution of the fi nds in the context of the ethnic processes that occurred in the region.

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