scholarly journals Karyotypes and genome size of Adonis amurensis and Adonis apennina (Ranunculaceae) from Asian Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Mitrenina ◽  
A.S. Erst ◽  
W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Amur Oblast ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Karyotype Formula

The karyotypes of Adonis amurensis from Amur Oblast,' and Adonis apennina from Altai Republic, Khakassia Republic, and Irkutsk Oblast' have been investigated. The karyotype formula was obtained as 2n = 2x =16 = 8m + 8sm(4sat) for all specimens. We estimated karyotype asymmetry through the calculation of the Coefficient of Variation of Chromosome Length (CVCL), Coefficient of Variation of Centromeric Index (CVCI), and Mean Centromeric Asymmetry (MCA), and determination of Stebbins asymmetry index. The chromosome set of Adonis amurensis was found to be more symmetrical than the chromosome set of Adonis apennina. The average absolute nuclear DNA content (2C–value) was originally determined for Adonis amurensis and Adonis apennina by flow cytometry and attained on average 20.38 pg and 17.29 pg, respectively.

Prognostic Implications of Nuclear DNA Content in Head and Neck Cancer

1989 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Chun Guo ◽  
Lawrence Desanto ◽  
Gregory V. Osetinsky
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Well Differentiated

The nuclear DNA content was measured in formalin-fixed and deparaffined specimens of 296 oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas from patients in whom the clinical outcome was known. One hundred ninety (64%) contained cells with abnormal DNA (DNA aneuploid or tetra/polypoid). Only 32% (60 of 190) of the patients with DNA nondiploid cancers survived 5 years, compared with 49% (52 of 106) of the patients with DNA diploid cancers. When the findings were controlled for clinical stage, patients whose tumors were DNA diploid had a survival advantage at each stage. Histologic grading showed less correlation, because only patients with well-differentiated carcinomas had a survival advantage if their tumors were DNA diploid. These data showed that determination of DNA content in cancers of the head and neck can offer prognostic information not provided by other means and enhance the diagnosis of cancer.

Determination of nuclear DNA content in fungi using mithramycin: vegetative diploidy in Armillaria mellea confirmed

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Franklin ◽  
W. G. Filion ◽  
J. B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Dna Measurements

Armillaria mellea, a phytopathogenic fungus, is the only member of the Agaricales (Basidiomycetes) whose fertile vegetative phase in nature is thought to be diploid, rather than dikaryotic. To examine the vegetative ploidy of A. mellea, we used the DNA-binding antibiotic, mithramycin, for fluorometry of in situ nuclear DNA. The measurements of nuclear DNA content indicated that strains derived from single basidiospores of A. mellea were haploid and that strains derived from matings of isolates of single spores were diploid. These data confirm the results of earlier genetic experiments, which show haploidy and diploidy in unmated and mated strains, respectively. Nuclear DNA measurements in known haploid and diploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans confirmed the validity of our protocol.

scholarly journals NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF DENDROBIUM ORCHID SPECIES AS DETERMINED BY LASER FLOW CYTOMETRY

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 322c-322
Author(s):  
W.E. Jones ◽  
A.R. Kuehnle ◽  
K. Arumuganathan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Flow cytometry (FC) has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to estimate nuclear DNA content (genome size) in quantifiable units useful for genetic and molecular biology studies. This method also makes possible determination of the variation in nuclear DNA content between related taxa, which gives insights into the process of speciation. In this study, DNA content was determined in nuclei isolated from leaves of 21 Dendrobium species representing each of the major taxonomic groups used in the Univ. of Hawaii breeding program. Nuclei were mechanically isolated, stained with the nucleic acid-specific fluorochrom propidium iodide, and DNA content determined using a Coulter Epics 753 laser flow cytometer. Chicken erythrocyte nuclei (2C = 2.33 pg DNA) were used as an internal standard for direct comparative measurement. The mean diploid genome (2C) values for Dendrobium species ranged from 3.36 to 5.06 pg. Genome sizes were evaluated for possible use as discrete characters for taxonomic group assignment and compared to previous data on breeding compatibility and evolutionary relationship between species.

Cytogenetic Diversity and Characterization of Vicia sativa Subspecies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berk Benlioglu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Intrachromosomal Asymmetry

Background: Vicia sativa L. is variable genus comprised of several subspecies. Close relative species and subspecies of the cultivated species are easily usable gene sources because they have gained resistance against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objectives of this study are to identify and describe the cytogenetical and karyological characteristics of subspecies in the Vicia sativa complex.Methods: The research material consisted of multiple entries collected from the five subspecies of nine taxa. All cytological observations made from root tips. Six chromosomal parameters (chromosome length, relative length, long arm length, short arm length, arm ratio and centromeric index) and five karyotype asymmetric parameters (difference in relative length, total form percentage, intrachromosomal asymmetry index, interchromosomal asymmetry index and mean centromeric asymmetry) were determined.Result: It was determined that the chromosome number of subspecies were 2n =10-12. The haploid chromosome lengths of subspecies were 15.86-33.88 µm and the average chromosome lengths varied between 2.64-5.65 µm. According to the intrachromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. segetalis was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. sativa “Antalya” was the most symmetric karyotype. According to the interchromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. angustifolia was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. nigra was the most symmetric karyotype.

Genome multiplication is a generalised phenomenon in placentomal and interplacentomal trophoblast giant cells in cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Klisch ◽  
Preben D. Thomsen ◽  
Vibeke Dantzer ◽  
Rudolf Leiser
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cells

The frequency of polyploidisation in bovine binucleate trophoblast giant cells (TGC) from placentomes (PL) and the interplacentomal allantochorion (AL) of six male fetuses with a crown–rump length between 3.5 and 103 cm was determined by in situ hybridisation with a chromosome-7-specific probe, using a probe specific for the Y chromosome to distinguish between maternal and fetal nuclei. The results showed that polyploid nuclei were essentially always of fetal origin. The frequency of tetraploid nuclei varied between 3% and 15% in both the placentomal and interplacentomal samples, with mean frequencies of 8.8% and 10.0% respectively. Octoploid nuclei were observed with a mean frequency of 1.1% in the interplacentomal samples, but were absent in samples from placentomes. Subsequent determination of nuclear DNA content by cytophotometric measurement of Feulgen-stained nuclei revealed that the frequency of nuclei with an 8C DNA content was several fold higher (AL 5.4%; PL 7.8%) than the frequency of octoploidy, suggesting that tetraploid TGC cells are arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

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