Cytogenetic Diversity and Characterization of Vicia sativa Subspecies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berk Benlioglu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Intrachromosomal Asymmetry

Background: Vicia sativa L. is variable genus comprised of several subspecies. Close relative species and subspecies of the cultivated species are easily usable gene sources because they have gained resistance against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objectives of this study are to identify and describe the cytogenetical and karyological characteristics of subspecies in the Vicia sativa complex.Methods: The research material consisted of multiple entries collected from the five subspecies of nine taxa. All cytological observations made from root tips. Six chromosomal parameters (chromosome length, relative length, long arm length, short arm length, arm ratio and centromeric index) and five karyotype asymmetric parameters (difference in relative length, total form percentage, intrachromosomal asymmetry index, interchromosomal asymmetry index and mean centromeric asymmetry) were determined.Result: It was determined that the chromosome number of subspecies were 2n =10-12. The haploid chromosome lengths of subspecies were 15.86-33.88 µm and the average chromosome lengths varied between 2.64-5.65 µm. According to the intrachromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. segetalis was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. sativa “Antalya” was the most symmetric karyotype. According to the interchromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. angustifolia was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. nigra was the most symmetric karyotype.

scholarly journals Comparative karyomorphological analysis of two varieties of Brassica campestris from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Ashma Ahmed Warasy
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Chromosomal Length

Two varieties of the oilseed plant viz. Brassica campestris var. Tori-7 and Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-9 were karyomorphologically investigated following orcein staining. Presence of “Round Pro-chromosome Type” of interphase nuclei and “Continuous Type” of prophase chromosomes indicating that both Tori-7 and BARI Sarisha-9 were originated from common ancestor. Moreover, both the varieties were found to possess 2n=20 chromosomes with almost similar range of length i.e.; 0.90±0.04-2.51±0.05μm for Tori-7 and 0.99±0.06-2.60±0.06μm for BARI Sharisha-9. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 29.61±0.76μm for Tori-7 and 29.75±0.80μm for BARI Sharisha- 9 where a slight gradual decrease of chromosomal length was observed in both cases. Average chromosomal length, range of individual chromosomal length, relative length and centromeric index of both varieties were more or less similar. Karyotype symmetry index and Karyotype asymmetry index indicating the symmetric nature of both varieties. All metacentric chromosomes were found in Tori-7 representing strictly symmetric karyotype. Beside metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes were found in BARI Sharisha-9 representing almost symmetric karyotype. Thus the two varieties of Brassica campestris -were plants of primitive nature. However, BARI Sharisha-9 can be considered comparatively advanced than Tori-7 based on different cytogenetical features. Therefore, the compilation of these karyomorphological information will be useful for authentic identification and characterization of the two varieties of Brassica campestris which are very basic and important information for breeding in crop improvement programme. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 69-77, 2020 (June & December)

scholarly journals Karyotypes and genome size of Adonis amurensis and Adonis apennina (Ranunculaceae) from Asian Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Mitrenina ◽  
A.S. Erst ◽  
W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Amur Oblast ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Karyotype Formula

The karyotypes of Adonis amurensis from Amur Oblast,' and Adonis apennina from Altai Republic, Khakassia Republic, and Irkutsk Oblast' have been investigated. The karyotype formula was obtained as 2n = 2x =16 = 8m + 8sm(4sat) for all specimens. We estimated karyotype asymmetry through the calculation of the Coefficient of Variation of Chromosome Length (CVCL), Coefficient of Variation of Centromeric Index (CVCI), and Mean Centromeric Asymmetry (MCA), and determination of Stebbins asymmetry index. The chromosome set of Adonis amurensis was found to be more symmetrical than the chromosome set of Adonis apennina. The average absolute nuclear DNA content (2C–value) was originally determined for Adonis amurensis and Adonis apennina by flow cytometry and attained on average 20.38 pg and 17.29 pg, respectively.

Distribution of sister chromatid exchanges on the mouse chromosomes in vivo with reference to the replication properties of the X chromosome

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
S. M. Singh ◽  
D. L. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Marrow Cells

Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were recorded separately for different chromosomes from bone marrow cells of female mice of the two genetic strains (C3H/S and C57BL/6J). SCEs were evaluated following different doses of 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine (BrdU) as nine hourly i.p. injections. The SCE per cell increased with increasing BrdU doses which was slightly higher in C3H/S than in the C57BL/6J. SCEs per cell were variable at every treatment – strain combination, possibly reflecting the heterogeneous nature of the bone marrow cells. In general, there is a positive correlation between SCE per chromosome and the relative chromosome length. Total SCEs on one of the large chromosomes (most likely the X chromosome), however, are significantly higher than expected on the basis of relative length alone. Most of this increase is attributable to one of the homologues of this chromosome, which is not in synchrony with the rest of the chromosomes and may represent the late-replicating X. These results when viewed in the light of replication properties of the heterochromatinized X, suggest a direct involvement of DNA replication in SCE formation and may argue against the replication point as the sole site for the SCEs.Key words: sister chromatid exchange, BrdU, recombination, replication, X chromosome.

scholarly journals Determination of mass flow characteristics of supersonic axisymmetric nozzle diaphragms in modeling variable duties of low-consumption turbines

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Р.Р. Симашов ◽  
С.В. Чехранов
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Axisymmetric Nozzle ◽  
Relative Flow Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Subsonic Part ◽  
Low Consumption

В работе приводятся обобщающие зависимости коэффициентов расхода сопловых аппаратов со сверхзвуковыми осесимметричными соплами в широком диапазоне изменения определяющих геометрических и режимных параметров. Предложена двухпараметрическая функция, учитывающая влияние расположения сопел в сопловом аппарате и степени конфузорности дозвуковой части осесимметричного сопла на коэффициент расхода. Показано слабое влияние на коэффициент расхода относительного радиуса закругления стенки в узкой части сопла и относительной длины дозвуковой части сопла в области их оптимальных значений определенных по минимуму потерь кинетической энергии. Переменные режимы работы сопла учитываются зависимостью относительного коэффициента расхода в функции от числа Рейнольдса в критическом сечении сопла. Полученные в работе эмпирические зависимости позволяют использовать их при моделировании переменных режимов и многорежимной оптимизации малорасходных турбин. The research presents generalizing dependences of mass flow rates in supersonic axisymmetric nozzle diaphragms n a wide range of variation of the governing geometric and operating parameters. A two-parameter function is proposed that takes into account the influence of the location of the nozzles in the nozzle apparatus and the degree of compression of the flow of the subsonic part of the nozzle on the mass flow rate. It is shown that the relative radius of rounding of the nozzle wall in the vicinity of the throat section and the relative length of the subsonic part of the nozzle in the region of their optimal values determined by the minimum of kinetic energy losses have a weak effect on the flow rate. Variable duties of nozzle operation are taken into account by the dependence of the relative flow rate as a function of the Reynolds number in the throat of the nozzle. The empirical dependencies obtained in this work make it possible to use them in modeling variable modes and multi-mode optimization of low-consumption turbines.

scholarly journals Orcein and DAPI-stained karyotype analysis of Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Ashma Ahmed Warasy
Keyword(s):  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Karyotype Analyses ◽  
Dapi Banding ◽  
Gradient Type ◽  
Chromosomal Length

Karyotype analyses are required for the identification, characterization, and genetic improvement of any organism. Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don. was investigated cytogenetically to determine the karyotypic features. Complex chromocenter type, of interphase nuclei, and gradient type of prophase chromosomes were found in this study. Alocasia macrorrhizos was found to possesses 2n=28 chromosomes. The total length of the 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 98.83±1.39 μm. The range of chromosomal length was 2.50±0.10-4.70±0.10 μm. A gradual decrease in chromosomal length was observed. The total form (TF%) value was found to be 43.58%, Karyotype symmetry index (Syi %) was 77.00 % and karyotype asymmetry index (AsK %) was 56.66%. The centromeric formula was 18m+4sm+2ac, representing asymmetric karyotype. In DAPI banding, the 1.48% positive banded region indicates the lower amount of AT rich repeats in this material. Therefore, Alocasia macrorrhizos could be authentically characterized through karyotype analysis. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 27-35: June 2021

Rediscovery of Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell 1877) stat. n., comb. n. in the Sierra del Tontal, Argentina (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 916 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS E. ACOSTA
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Inflexion Point ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Narrow Valley

The long neglected scorpion species Orobothriurus bivittatus (Thorell) stat. n., comb. n. (Bothriuridae), formerly considered a subspecies of Urophonius brachycentrus (Thorell) and more recently placed under synonymy of the type species of Orobothriurus Maury, O. alticola (Pocock), is revalidated and redescribed on a male captured in the Sierra del Tontal, west Argentina. It proved to be a close relative of O. alticola, from which it can be separated by some details of the hemispermatophore morphology (e.g. relative length of the lamina apex, lobular expansions at the inflexion point of the front crest). This species is probably a high altitude endemic to the Precordillera, a range separated from the Andes (where O. alticola was collected) by a narrow valley. The type locality for O. bivittatus stat. n., comb. n. (and also for Telegonus weijenberghi Thorell) is restricted to the upper belts of the mentioned range, as thoroughly discussed. To ensure nomenclatural stability, it is proposed to set aside the existing holotype and to designate the studied male as neotype.

Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Vetch (Vicia sativa) and Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
M. M. Tabatabaie ◽  
F. Kafilzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
North West ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Wide Range

Vetch (Vicia sativa) and Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia) are two grain legumes cultivated in many areas of Iran particularly in the west and north west. They grow under a wide range of environmental condition and are quite resistant to low rainfall. These seeds are traditionally used at a moderate level as a part of a ration for dairy cows and fattening lambs by rural farmers. They are considered as a feed with a high crude protein content. However little is known about their nutritional values for ruminants. In this study the two grain legumes were evaluated in terms of their chemical composition and digestibility in sheep fed straw as a basal diet.

scholarly journals Breakdown of Hooke’s law of elasticity at the Mott critical endpoint in an organic conductor

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. e1601646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gati ◽  
Markus Garst ◽  
Rudra S. Manna ◽  
Ulrich Tutsch ◽  
Bernd Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Mott Transition ◽  
Organic Conductor ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Hooke’S Law ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hooke's Law ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Universal Properties

The Mott metal-insulator transition, a paradigm of strong electron-electron correlations, has been considered as a source of intriguing phenomena. Despite its importance for a wide range of materials, fundamental aspects of the transition, such as its universal properties, are still under debate. We report detailed measurements of relative length changes ΔL/Las a function of continuously controlled helium-gas pressurePfor the organic conductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl across the pressure-induced Mott transition. We observe strongly nonlinear variations of ΔL/Lwith pressure around the Mott critical endpoint, highlighting a breakdown of Hooke’s law of elasticity. We assign these nonlinear strain-stress relations to an intimate, nonperturbative coupling of the critical electronic system to the lattice degrees of freedom. Our results are fully consistent with mean-field criticality, predicted for electrons in a compressible lattice with finite shear moduli. We argue that the Mott transition for all systems that are amenable to pressure tuning shows the universal properties of an isostructural solid-solid transition.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF TWO SPECIES OF CRINUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Shahla Firdaus ◽  
◽  
Kamini Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Index Form ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
The Family ◽  
Crinum Asiaticum

Crinum asiaticum L. and Crinum latifolium L. are members of the family Amaryllidaceae. Karyomorphological studies of these two species had been performed by using different quantitative and qualitative parameters to know the karyotype asymmetry, which defines the advanced and primitive nature of these two species. The study revealed that Crinum asiaticum L. and Crinum latifolium L. are diploid with 2n=22 chromosomes. based on Total Chromatin Length, Arm Ratio, Gradient Index, Form Percentage, Total Form Percentage, Karyotype Asymmetry Index, Symmetry Index, and Stebbins classification, Crinum asiaticum L. is more advanced than Crinum latifolium L.

scholarly journals Anther Culture of Potato and Molecular Analysis of Anther-derived Plants as Laboratory Exercises for Plant Breeding Courses

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Medium

Anther culture has been one of the most successful techniques for generating haploid plants over a wide range of species. It is a reasonably simple procedure that can be accomplished successfully without sophisticated laboratory facilities; yet, the plants generated through anther culture can be used to demonstrate the application of many modern methods that have direct applicability to plant breeding. Anthers of diploid potato clones that have been selected for competence in anther culture can be cultured in a simple medium to yield androgenic embryos after 5 weeks. Plant regeneration requires an additional 3 to 4 weeks. Regenerated plants should be large enough 2 weeks after transfer to basal medium for ploidy determination by any of three methods depending on available facilities: chromosome counts in root tips; chloroplast counts in stomatal guard cells; or flow cytometry of nuclei released from in vitro plantlets. DNA can be extracted from anther-derived plantlets using a rapid extraction procedure to demonstrate segregation of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based markers such as RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA), RAMPs (randomly amplified microsatellite polymorphisms), or microsatellites. Microsatellite markers that were heterozygous in the anther donor can be used to verify haploidy in anther-derived plants. If an anther culture laboratory is scheduled early in a semester, such molecular analysis can be planned for late in the same semester.

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