scholarly journals Dynamics of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes for the stimulated sexual cycle of cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Masalovich ◽  
O.A. Val'chuk ◽  
S.S. Dercach
Keyword(s):  
Meteor Shower ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Yellow Body ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Estrus Stage

The changes of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes during stimulated sexual cycle in cows have been investigated. It is established that the dynamics of arborization from the oral mucous membranes, the vestibule of the vagina for hormonal stimulation of the sexual cycle has a direct effect on the level of estrogens in cows. Starting from the third day of research, the number of animals in which we observed a clear arborization increased to four (40%), which indicates an increase in estrogen levels. Instead, six animals (60%) lacked arborization. On the fourth day in the estrus stage (insemination day), the number of cows in the smears we noticed a clear arborization increased to 7 (70%). This was the highest rate during the studies and suggests that only 7 cows had the highest estrogen levels at their peak. From the fifth to the 10th day of the study, a gradual decrease in the number of animals in smears was marked by clear arborization. This, in its turn, is associated with the formation on the site of an ovulatory follicle of the yellow body that begins to produce a progesterone, indicating the stage of the meteor shower. At the 12th of observation in smears of one animal was marked a clear crystallization while in the other nine it was absent. Beginning from the 13th to the 21st day, arboretization in the smears from the mucous membrane of prickly vagina was absent. Only on 14, 15, 17, and 20th day it was noticed singular or not clear arborization. At the 22–24th day of observation in one cow, signs of the next sexual cycle were recorded. Namely, in smears, we noticed a clear arborization, which confirms the renewal of sexual cycle and lack of fertilization. Mucus mucous membranes of spit vagina and saliva of cows for spontaneous want have a longer-term character and a clear figure in the form of a leaf of fern than in the induced sexual cycle, where the drawing was less intense and short-lived in the stage of the estrus. According to our data, one can sometimes observe single crystallization in the stage of metetrusus and diestrus. This is what we associate with the selection of smears from the oral cavity after feeding the animals with concentrated foods, acidic silage, and in smears from mucus, vinegar vinegar – functional disorders in the sexual system.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF DETERMINATION AND STIMULATION ESTROUS CYCLE OF CATTLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
S. V. Kuzebnyі
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the conditions of industrial milk production and productivity growth in cows, the increase in the duration of the inter- calving period is noted. This is due to a somewhat prolonged process of involution of the uterus after calving in high-yielding animals and prolongation of the service-period due to lack of detection of animals in estrous cycle. Depending on the technology of maintenance and qualification of service personnel, the number of such animals may increase. The contributing factors include the year-round stall system of keeping cows, the uncontrolled retention of animals in large groups, short intervals of detection of animals in hunting and others. The paper uses the materials of the first-time animal and veterinary record of a number of husbandries specializing in industrial milk production with different systems of keeping animals and the detection of animals in hunting. Methods of hormonal stimulation of sexual intercourse in cows were studied in the state enterprise "Khrystynivske" (n = 243) for the binding system for the maintenance of cows and auto-mated control of motor activity of cows for unbroken maintenance for the detection of animals in hunting – LLC "Nd. a. Lesia Ukrainka" (n = 74). For hormonal stimulation, methods using estrogens and prostaglandins were used: the protocol Ovsinh (n = 164) and the use of progesterone (preparation Delta® Ceva Santa Animale) (n = 79). The obtained results were sorted by the methods of variation statistics in the software product Statistica 12.5. An analysis of the detection of spontaneous hunting in animals by the traditional method - observing them during the walk allowed us to establish that in the first cows, the indicators of regenerative (VP) and service-periods (SP), under the same conditions of abstinence and feeding, differed from full-age cows in the duration of only one sexual cycle (20–21 days), for almost identical index of insemination (IO). Analysis of the results of determining the sexual cycles of cows using the help of DATA SLOW software and Triolact sensors conducted at the LLC nd. a. Lesia Ukrainka of Kovel region of Volyn oblast (n = 74) showed that even short-term hunting, which takes place within 2–3 hours, can detect and carry out insemination of animals. The obtained results coincide with the duration of the service-period during the systematic visual detection of animals in the stage of sexual hunting, but there is a reduction of the three-fold of the recovery period, the duration of which is associated with certain difficulties of visual detection in animals of the first hunting (irreducible manifestation , short duration and others). Also, the results of the analysis confirm the increase in the service-period in cows-primates for approximately the duration of one sexual cycle. In the following cases, there is a decrease in the variability of reproduction rates. The growth of milk productivity negatively correlated with the indicator of the duration of service-period in cows. The force of influence was almost 96% (P < 0.01). In cases of tied animals maintenance in the first place, methods of hormonal stimulation of sexual hunting in cows are obtained. Indicator of efficiency of detection of animals in hunting during the period of maintenance was 28–35%, and during the summer-camp – grew to 47–62%. Analysis of the duration of the service period and the index of insemination with the synchronization of cows according to the protocol "Ovsinh" has shown a decrease in the effectiveness of insemination of cows for stimulated hunting. Fertility of animals after the first insemination was 20.1%, and after the second procedure the introduction of hormonal drugs increased by 8–12% and was 38%. In the application of progesterone in the form of vaginal applicators "Pride Delta" results were better – the fertility rate from the first insemination was 37%, and from two – 56%. As with the use of prostaglandin, and in the application of the protocol "Ovsinh" there is a tendency to increase the effectiveness of insemination, depending on the duration of the recovery period, that is, the time from calving to the use of the drug.

scholarly journals Frequencies of genotypes and alleles of rs41256848 in the LHCGR gene in the population of black-and-white holsteinized cattle

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Аrina Аndranikovna Tagmazian ◽  
Anna Leonidovna Arkhipova ◽  
Artyom Vladimirovich Brigida ◽  
Eugene Aleksandrovich Klimov ◽  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Embryo Transfer Technique ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Donor Cows

Embryo transfer technique is one of the key in accelerated reproduction of cattle. One of the most important stages is the selection of donor cows that are most sensitive to the procedure of hormonal stimulation of ovulation. One of the promising genetic markers of the reproductive status of cattle is currently the gene encoding the luteinizing hormone / choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). One of the SNP in the LHCGR gene of cattle has already been described in the literature as associated with the number of oocytes and the quality of embryos - rs41256848 (c.1401G> T, p.Trp467Cys). The purpose of this work was to estimate the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of this substitution in the population of Black-and-White holsteinized cattle (190 cows). Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP method. In the studied population of cattle, the frequency of the G allele associated with higher rates in the total number of oocytes and the number of embryos survived after transplantation, as well as with the least number of unfertilized oocytes, is 63.2%.  

Observations On the Sexual Behaviour of Some Longicorn Beetles, Subfamily Lepturinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 152-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
The State ◽  
Round Dance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractA description is given of the sexual behaviour of 16 longicorn beetles of the subfamily Lepturinae. The following points have been investigated:- 1. Stimulation of the female performed by the male either as a "licking" or combined "licking and tapping" of the female elytra or the grasping of an antenna of the female. 2. Movements of the antennae of the male, which seem to be an expression of the "state of excitement" of the male. These movements are in principle thought to be one of the behaviour patterns originally present in the order Coleoptera. 3. A "round dance", one of the methods for the female to throw off the male after copula, is described. 4. A selection of partner according to size is described in the genus Rhagium. 5. A comparative analysis is attempted for some species and systematic conclusions of such comparisons are proposed.

Desensitization and resensitization of lutropin receptors expressed in transfected Y-1 adrenal cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Ulaner ◽  
J Chuang ◽  
W Lin ◽  
D Woodbury ◽  
RV Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Occupancy ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Receptor Recycling ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Metallothionein Promoter ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of gonadal cells by lutropins such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is often transient and followed by down-regulation and/or desensitization of lutropin receptors (LHR). Here we describe desensitization/resensitization of LHR in Y-1 adrenal cell lines (termed Y-1L) expressing a rat cDNA lacking most 5' and 3' LHR untranslated regions under the control of a metallothionein promoter. Using a simple morphological assay in which stimulated cells are round and unstimulated cells are flat, we identified clones that rounded and remained round and others that became insensitive to lutropin stimulation and reverted to their flat appearance within 2-4 h. Flattened cells were insensitive to further hormonal stimulation but rounded after treatments with cholera toxin, forskolin, or cyclic AMP, showing that loss of responsiveness was associated with an early step in signal transduction, not loss of rounding potential. Removing the lutropin stimulus for at least 90-120 min reversed hormone insensitivity, even in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin. The number of surface bound receptors did not change during a cycle of rounding/flattening and hCG bound to rounded or flattened cells was replaced equally by radioiodinated hCG during incubations at 4 degrees C. Thus, desensitization/resensitization of LHR in Y-1L cells occurred in the absence of new receptor synthesis, receptor degradation, or receptor recycling. These observations suggest that LHR desensitization/resensitization in Y-1L cells was closely coupled to receptor occupancy and that this cell line may be useful for identifying factors that modulate the activities of occupied receptors.

scholarly journals Оцінка придатності лактуючих корів бути донорами-реципієнтами доімплантаційних ембріонів

2013 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
С. О. Сідашова
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Yellow Body ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Selection Of

Наведено результати пальпаторного вивчення морфофункціонального стану яєчників лактуючих високопродуктивних корів і лютеогенезу для відбору тварин із метою ембріодонації. У 9–14 % корів виявлено неповноцінність у формуванні лютеальної стадії з 5-го по 15-й день за причини відсутності розвитку в їх яєчниках жовтого тіла. Ще 17–43 % із них були непридатними для ембріодонації через кістозні дегенерації фолікулів: вимиті з них на 7–8-й день після поліовуляції ембріони мали глибокі морфологічні дефекти й були нежиттєздатними. We have adducted the results of the examination by touch of the morphofunctional condition of dairy cow ovary and luteogenesis for the selection of the animals with the aim of embryodonation. In 9- 14% of the cows we have seen deficiency in the formation of luteal state from the 5th till the 15th day because of the absence of the development in ovary a yellow body .Also 17-43% of them were unable for embryodonation because of the kistosis degenerations of the follicle: the embryos flushed out of them on the 7th-8th day after polyovulation had deep morphological defects and were lacking vitality.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of genotoxic effects of hormones

Genetika ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Ninoslav Djelic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Sexual Steroids ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Phenolic Group ◽  
Endogenous Substances ◽  
Stimulation Of

A concept that compounds commonly present in biological systems lack genotoxic and mutagenic activities is generally in use, hence a low number of endogenous substances have ever been tested to mutagenicity. Epidemiological and experimental analyses indicated, however, that sexual steroids could contribute to initiation and/or continuation of malign diseases. Detailed studies using methods of biochemistry, molecular biology, cytogenetics and other branches, showed that not only epigenetic mechanisms, such as a stimulation of cell proliferation, but also certain hormones, that can express genotoxic effects, such as covalent DNA modification, then chromosomal lesions and chromosomal aberrations, are in the background of malign transformation under activities of hormones. In the case of oestrogens, it was shown that excessive hormonal stimulation led to a metabolic conversion of these hormones to reactive intermediates with formation of reactive oxygenic derivates, so that cells were virtually under conditions of oxidative stress. Individual and tissue susceptibility to occurrence of deterioration of DNA and other cell components generally results from the differences in efficiency of enzymic and non-enzymic mechanisms of resistance against oxidative stress. Besides, steroid thyeroid hormones and catecholamine (dopamine, noradrenaline/norepinephrine and adrenaline) can express genotoxic effects in some test-systems. It is interesting that all above mentioned hormones have a phenolic group. Data on possible genotoxic effects of peptide and protein hormones are very scarce, but based on the available literature it is considered that this group of hormones probably lacks mutagenic activities. The possibility that hormones, as endogenous substances, express mutagenic activities results from the fact that DNA is, regardless of chemical and metabolic stability susceptible, to a certain extent, to changeability compatible with the processes of the biological evolution.

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