Effect of Water Hardness on Non-Communicable Diseases, Including Chronic Kidney Disease of Multifactorial Origin (CKDmfo/CKDuo)

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described as a complex and progressive condition that arises from both non-communicable diseases (NCD) and communicable diseases (CD). Approximately a tenth of adults are affected worldwide, but the global prevalence of paediatric CKD remains unknown. Unfortunately, advanced diagnostic techniques and interventions are not readily available in most developing countries. This review seeks to create more awareness about paediatric CKD in a developing country like Nigeria and the need to intensify efforts to make new technologies for its diagnosis available and more affordable.

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SUN-117 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS OF SUNSARI DISTRICT IN EASTERN NEPAL AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Kidney International Reports ◽

10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. S249

Author(s):

K.R. SHARMA ◽

S. Sharma ◽

A. Ghimire ◽

S. Pokharel ◽

V.K. Khanal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Tuberculosis Patients

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Prevalence of Selected Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Nepal

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v17i3.2327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Meghnath Dhimal ◽

Khem Bahadur Karki ◽

Sanjib Kumar Sharma ◽

Krishna Kumar Aryal ◽

Namuna Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Artery Disease

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases has increased in the last few decades in low-and middle-income countries including in Nepal. There is limited data on population based prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Hence, this study aims to determine the nationwide prevalence of selected chronic non-communicable diseases in Nepal.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional population-based study was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Data was collected electronically on android device inbuilt with research and monitoring software from 13200 eligible participants aged 20 years and above. Data was cleaned in SPSS version 20.0 and analyzed using Stata version 13.1.Results: The overall prevalence of selected non-communicable diseases was found to be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 11.7% (95% CI: 10.5-12.9), diabetes mellitus 8.5% (95% CI: 7.8-9.3), chronic kidney disease 6.0% (95% CI: 5.5-6.6) and coronary artery disease 2.9% (95% CI: 2.4-3.4) in Nepal. Prevalence of non-communicable diseases varied across provinces. Higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25.1%, 95% CI: 18.1-33.8) in Karnali Province, diabetes (11.5%, 95% CI: 9.8-13.4) in Province 3, chronic kidney disease (6.8%, 95% CI: 5.6-8.1) in Gandaki Province and coronary artery disease in Gandaki (3.6%, 95% CI: 2.2-5.7) and Sudurpaschim Province (3.6%, 95% CI: 2.1-6.1) was observed.Conclusions: The study reported substantial proportion of adult population was found to have chronic non-communicable diseases in Nepal. The findings of this study may be useful for revising/updating multi-sectoral action plans on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Nepal. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; coronary artery disease; diabetes mellitus; non-communicable disease.

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Addressing the Challenge of Potentially Hazardous Elements in the Reduction of Hypertension, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in the Caribbean

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210613 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (30) ◽

Author(s):

Adwalia Fevrier-Paul ◽

Adedamola K. Soyibo ◽

Nimal De Silva ◽

Sylvia Mitchell ◽

Chukwuemeka Nwokocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Metal Exposure ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Hazardous Elements ◽

Potentially Hazardous Elements ◽

The Caribbean

Background. Environmental surveys have characterized trace elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) as potential risk factors for non-communicable diseases. There have been few studies conducted in the Caribbean region to explore, define or clarify such findings locally. Furthermore, local pollution control efforts are often juxtaposed against more seemingly immediate economic concerns in poor communities. Objectives. The present commentary is a call to action for the evaluation of potentially hazardous elements as potential risk indicators and/or factors of common noncommunicable diseases in the Caribbean. Discussion. Findings from Jamaican studies have identified exposure to potentially hazardous elements (PHE) via water, food, and other anthropogenic activities to the detriment of the resident population. Several attempts have been made to abate toxic metal exposure in children with relative success. However, high levels of PHE have been noted in vulnerable populations such as patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Currently, there is low priority towards infrastructure building within the Caribbean region that would promote and sustain long term monitoring and better inform environmental polices impacting chronic diseases. Conclusions. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role that PHE play in increasing the risk or progression of non-communicable diseases, especially in vulnerable groups. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Access to and Barriers to Access for Essential Medicines in Nephrology and Related Non-Communicable Diseases: A Scoping Review Protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1173063/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Mon Yee Wong ◽

Viviane Calice-Silva ◽

Elliot K. Tannor ◽

Georges Nakoul ◽

Vivek Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Essential Medicines ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Barriers To Access ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Access To Essential Medicines ◽

Improve Access

Abstract Objective: This scoping review aims to understand the extent of evidence regarding: 1) access to essential medicines, 2) barriers to access, and 3) interventions to improve access for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Introduction: Access to essential medicines for treatment of NCDs is lacking in low- and low-middle income countries. In nephrology, access to essential medicines is especially important to reduce risk of CKD progression, as kidney replacement therapy is unavailable or cost-prohibitive in many regions of the world. As part of the International Society of Nephrology Emerging Leaders Program’s mandate to improve health promotion and access to prevention and management of kidney diseases globally, this scoping review serves as an initial step towards designing implementation studies to improve access to essential medicines. Inclusion criteria: Articles of any study design involving populations with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and/or diabetes will be included. The core concept of essential medicines will encompass access to essential medicines, barriers to access, and interventions to improve access. All geographical regions and all World Bank Income categories will be considered. Methods: Methods for this scoping review are based on the Joanna Briggs Manual for Evidence Synthesis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL will be searched. Included studies will be restricted to English language. Screening of title/abstract of each article and subsequent review of retrieved full-text articles will be performed by one reviewer, followed by a second reviewer checking the excluded lists for accuracy. A data extraction tool will be customized using Covidence software. Data will be summarized narratively, and in tabular and diagrammatic format. Studies assessing barriers to access or interventions to improve access will be categorized by patient-level, provider-level, organization-level, community/regional-level, and national/health policy-level.

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Endogenous Fructose Metabolism Could Explain the Warburg Effect and the Protection of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.694457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Takahiko Nakagawa ◽

Laura G. Sanchez-Lozada ◽

Ana Andres-Hernando ◽

Hideto Kojima ◽

Masato Kasahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Warburg Effect ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Low Grade ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Fructose Metabolism ◽

The Warburg Effect

Chronic low-grade inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases, including chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Inflammation is a biologically active process accompanied with biochemical changes involving energy, amino acid, lipid and nucleotides. Recently, glycolysis has been observed to be increased in several inflammatory disorders, including several types of kidney disease. However, the factors initiating glycolysis remains unclear. Added sugars containing fructose are present in nearly 70 percent of processed foods and have been implicated in the etiology of many non-communicable diseases. In the kidney, fructose is transported into the proximal tubules via several transporters to mediate pathophysiological processes. Fructose can be generated in the kidney during glucose reabsorption (such as in diabetes) as well as from intra-renal hypoxia that occurs in CKD. Fructose metabolism also provides biosynthetic precursors for inflammation by switching the intracellular metabolic profile from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis despite the availability of oxygen, which is similar to the Warburg effect in cancer. Importantly, uric acid, a byproduct of fructose metabolism, likely plays a key role in favoring glycolysis by stimulating inflammation and suppressing aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A consequent accumulation of glycolytic intermediates connects to the production of biosynthetic precursors, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to meet the increased energy demand for the local inflammation. Here, we discuss the possibility of fructose and uric acid may mediate a metabolic switch toward glycolysis in CKD. We also suggest that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may slow the progression of CKD by reducing intrarenal glucose, and subsequently fructose levels.

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SISTEM PAKAR DETEKSI PENYAKIT GINJAL BERBASIS MOBILE ANDROID

High Education of Organization Archive Quality: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi ◽

10.52972/hoaq.vol10no1.p6-13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 6-13

Author(s):

Edwin Ariesto Umbu Malahina

Keyword(s):

Expert System ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Kidney Failure ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Polycystic Kidney ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Lower Back

Non-communicable diseases are diseases with the highest mortality where the mortality rate for this disease is 73%. Kidney disease is one of the non-communicable diseases in which disorders that occur in the kidney, are in two organs shaped like red beans on both sides of the lower back, precisely below the rib cage. Kidney disease taken in this study were 7 diseases namely kidney stone, kidney failure, kidney cancer, acute kidney failure, kidney infection, kidney cysts and polycystic kidney disease. Where in detecting the symptoms of this disease, a truly expert system and expert data are needed, and the implementation of the system makes it easier to develop alternative services using an Android smartphone where users will choose symptoms to be detected early, of course only specifically for detecting kidney diseases. This system will be easy to apply and use because it has only one display. And this system has run well according to the rules of symptoms and diseases that are given or applied.

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Natural and Anthropogenic Controls of Groundwater Quality in Sri Lanka: Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu)

Water ◽

10.3390/w13192724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 2724

Author(s):

Sen Xu ◽

Si-Liang Li ◽

Fujun Yue ◽

Charitha Udeshani ◽

Rohana Chandrajith

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Land Use ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Hardness ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Groundwater Geochemistry ◽

Guideline Values

Poor groundwater quality in household wells is hypothesized as being a potential contributor to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. However, the influencing factors of groundwater quality in Sri Lanka are rarely investigated at a national scale. Here, the spatial characteristics of groundwater geochemistry in Sri Lanka were described. The relationships of groundwater quality parameters with environmental factors, including lithology, land use, and climatic conditions, were further examined to identify the natural and anthropogenic controlling factors of groundwater quality in Sri Lanka. The results showed that groundwater geochemistry in Sri Lanka exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity. The high concentrations of NO3− were found in the districts that have a higher percentage of agricultural lands, especially in the regions in the coastal zone. Higher hardness and fluoride in groundwater were mainly observed in the dry zone. The concentrations of trace elements such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr of all the samples were lower than the World Health Organization guideline values, while some the samples had higher As and Al concentrations above the guideline values. Principal component analysis identified four components that explained 73.2% of the total data variance, and the first component with high loadings of NO3−, hardness, As, and Cr suggested the effects of agricultural activities, while other components were primarily attributed to natural sources and processes. Further analyses found that water hardness, fluoride and As concentration had positive correlations with precipitation and negative correlations with air temperature. The concentration of NO3− and water hardness were positively correlated with agricultural lands, while As concentration was positively correlated with unconsolidated sediments. The environmental factors can account for 58% of the spatial variation in the overall groundwater geochemistry indicated by the results of redundancy analysis. The groundwater quality data in this study cannot identify whether groundwater quality is related to the occurrence of CKDu. However, these findings identify the coupled controls of lithology, land use, and climate on groundwater quality in Sri Lanka. Future research should be effectively designed to clarify the synergistic effect of different chemical constituents on CKDu.

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