scholarly journals Effect of Nano-Carbon on Water Holding Capacity in a Sandy Soil of the Loess Plateau

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Zhou ◽  
Xiaopeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Nano Carbon ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The poor water retention capacity of sandy soils commonly aggregate soil erosion and ecological environment on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Due to its strong capacity for absorption and large specific surface area, the use of nanocarbon made of coconut shell as a soil amendment that could improve water retention was investigated. Soil column experiments were conducted in which a layer of nanocarbon mixed well with the soil was formed at a depth of 20 cm below the soil surface. Four different nanocarbon contents by weight (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) and five thicknesses of the nanocarbon- soil mixture layer ranging from 1 to 5 cm were considered. Cumulative infiltration and soil water content distributions were determined when water was added to soil columns. Soil Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC) were obtained using the centrifuge method. The principal results showed that the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration increased with the increases of nanocarbon contents, to the thicknesses of the nano carbon-soil mixture layer. Soil water contents that below the soil-nano carbon layer decreased sharply. Both the Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models could describe well the SWCC of the disturbed sandy soil with various nano carbon contents. Both the saturated water content (θs), residual water content (θr) and empirical parameter (α) increased with increasing nano carbon content, while the pore-size distribution parameter (n) decreased. The available soil water contents were efficiently increased with the increase in nanocarbon contents.

MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASLAM ALI ◽  
SANJIT CHANDRA BARMAN ◽  
MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM KHAN ◽  
MD. BADIUZZAMAN KHAN ◽  
HAFSA JAHAN HIYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4 emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4 emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4 emissions as well as yield scaled CH4 emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4 emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.

scholarly journals An empirical model for describing the influence of water content and concentration of sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) in soil on the total net CO2 efflux

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Miroslav Fér ◽  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Barbora Kalkušová ◽  
Aleš Klement ◽  
Antonín Nikodem
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the impact of the soil water content and sulfamethoxazole, SUL, (antibiotic) concentration in soil on the net CO2 efflux. Soil samples were taken from topsoils of a Haplic Fluvisol and Haplic Chernozem. Soil samples were packed into the steel cylinders. The net CO2 efflux was measured from these soil columns after application of fresh water or SUL solution at different soil water contents. The experiments were carried out in dark at 20°C. The trends in the net CO2 efflux varied for different treatments. While initially high values for water treatment exponentially decreased in time, values for solution treatment increased during the first 250–650 minutes and then decreased. The total net CO2 effluxes measured for 20 hours related to the soil water content followed the second order polynomial functions. The maximal values were measured for the soil water content of 0.15 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Fluvisol with water or solution, Haplic Chernozem with solution) and 0.11 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Chernozem with water). The ratios between values measured for solution and water at the same soil water contents exponentially increased with increasing SUL concentration in soils. This proved the increasing stimulative influence of SUL on soil microbial activity.

The Effects of Temperature and Humidity on a Field Population of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1927-1932
Author(s):  
Cai-hua Shi ◽  
Jing-rong Hu ◽  
You-jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Abstract The production of Chinese chives is reduced throughout China due to a root-feeding dipteran pest Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae), therefore deciphering the conditions influencing its growth and development are important in developing ecological control strategies. A study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 to determine the relationship between the abundance of B. odoriphaga and temperature (atmospheric and soil), soil water content, and atmospheric humidity in a Chinese chive field in Beijing City, China. Numbers of adults peaked in March and October to November and were lowest in July to August and December to next February; numbers of larvae were highest in December to next February and lowest in July to August. From 2014 to 2017, the numbers of adults and larvae were significantly correlated with monthly mean atmospheric temperatures and soil temperatures, but were not significantly correlated with monthly mean atmospheric relative humidity and soil water content. However, for both adults and larvae, numbers were significantly greater with high soil water contents compared with drought treatment. The results of this study suggest that the very low soil water contents, high atmospheric temperatures, and high soil temperatures were critical for regulating field populations of B. odoriphaga.

Calculation of soil water contents from gamma ray readings

Soil Research ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
CG Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

A method is given for calculating water contents of a column of soil from gamma ray data. The method is particularly useful for undisturbed field samples of unknown initial conditions. Values of water content and bulk density determined at the end of an experiment are used for calibration. To aid the calculation of large numbers of results, a nomogram has been constructed.

scholarly journals Pedotransfer functions related to spatial variability of water retention attributes for lowland soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Luiz Carvalho Nebel ◽  
Luís Carlos Timm ◽  
Wim Cornelis ◽  
Donald Gabriels ◽  
Klaus Reichardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The estimation of non available soil variables through the knowledge of other related measured variables can be achieved through pedotransfer functions (PTF) mainly saving time and reducing cost. Great differences among soils, however, can yield non desirable results when applying this method. This study discusses the application of developed PTFs by several authors using a variety of soils of different characteristics, to evaluate soil water contents of two Brazilian lowland soils. Comparisons are made between PTF evaluated data and field measured data, using statistical and geostatistical tools, like mean error, root mean square error, semivariogram, cross-validation, and regression coefficient. The eight tested PTFs to evaluate gravimetric soil water contents (Ug) at the tensions of 33 kPa and 1,500 kPa presented a tendency to overestimate Ug 33 kPa and underestimate Ug1,500 kPa. The PTFs were ranked according to their performance and also with respect to their potential in describing the structure of the spatial variability of the set of measured values. Although none of the PTFs have changed the distribution pattern of the data, all resulted in mean and variance statistically different from those observed for all measured values. The PTFs that presented the best predictive values of Ug33 kPa and Ug1,500 kPa were not the same that had the best performance to reproduce the structure of spatial variability of these variables.

scholarly journals Altura e diâmetro de Eucalyptus citriodora e E. grandis, submetidos a diferentes teores de água em convivência com Brachiaria brizantha

FLORESTA ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
WILSON DA SILVA ◽  
ANTÔNIO ALBERTO DA SILVA ◽  
TOCIO SEDIYAMA ◽  
LUÍS HENRIQUE LOPES DE FREITAS
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Objetivou-se avaliar, em casa de vegetação, altura e diâmetro do caule de plantas de duas espécies de eucalipto, cultivadas em solo com três teores de água, junto a quatro populações de B. brizantha. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial (2x3x4): duas espécies (E. citriodora e E. grandis), três teores de água (20, 23 e 26%) e quatro populações de B. brizantha (0, 1, 2 e 3 plantas/vaso). Manteve-se teor constante de água nos vasos, até a última avaliação do experimento. Esse controle foi feito utilizando-se microtensiômetro e pesagens diárias, com reposição da água evapotranspirada. Os maiores valores de altura total e diâmetro do caule das plantas de E. citriodora e E. grandis foram observados em solos com maior teor de água no solo (26%), em ausência B. brizantha. A presença B. brizantha reduziu a altura total e o diâmetro do caule dos eucaliptos para os três teores de água no solo. Todavia, a maior redução percentual, tanto da altura quanto do diâmetro, ocorreu quando as plantas dos eucaliptos foram submetidas a 26% de água no solo. E. citriodora foi mais sensível à convivência com B. brizantha que E. grandis. Eucalyptus citriodora and E. grandis height and diameter growing in different water and association levels with Brachiaria brizantha Abstract Height and diameter of two species of eucalypts, cultivated in substract with three water contents, jointly with four B. brizantha populations, in greenhouse conditions, were evaluated. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design, with four replications (2x3x4): two species of eucalypts (E. citriodora and E. grandis), three soil water contents (20, 23 and 26% ) and four B. brizantha populations (0, 1, 2, and 3 plants/vase). Water content was maintained constant until experiment last evaluation. This control was done using daily weightings and tensiometer, with evapotranspired water reposition. The total height and diameter and values of E. citriodora and E. grandis plants stems were observed in the soils with the highest water content (26%) in B. brizantha absence. B. brizantha presence reduced total higher and diameter of eucalypts stems for the three water contents in the soil. However, the heighest percentual reduction, both in height and diameter, occurred when eucalypts plants were subjected to 26% water in the soil. E. citriodora was more sensible to association with B. brizantha than E. grandis.

scholarly journals Improving water retention capacity of an aeolian sandy soil with feldspathic sandstone

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Jichang Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curves ◽  
High Suction ◽  
Feldspathic Sandstone

Abstract The Mu Us sandy land in China’s Shaanxi Province faces a critical water shortage, with its aeolian sandy soil endangering the regional eco-environment. Here we investigated the effects of feldspathic sandstone on water retention in an aeolian sandy soil from the Mu Us sandy land. Feldspathic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil samples were mixed at different mass ratios of 0:1 (control), 1:5 (T1), 1:2 (T2), and 1:1 (T3). Soil-water characteristic curves were determined over low- to medium-suction (1–1000 kPa) and high-suction (1000–140 000 kPa) ranges, by centrifuge and water vapor equilibrium methods, respectively. Results showed that the addition of feldspathic sandstone modified the loose structure of the aeolian sandy soil mainly consisting of sand grains. The van Genuchten model described well the soil-water characteristic curves of all four experimental soils (R2-values > 0.97). Soil water content by treatment was ranked as T2 > T3 > T1 > control at the same low matric suction (1–5 kPa), but this shifted to T2 > T1 > T3 > control at the same medium- to high-suction (5–140 000 kPa). T2 soil had the largest saturated water content, with a relatively high water supply capacity. This soil (T2) also had the largest field capacity, total available water content, and permanent wilting coefficient, which were respectively 17.82%, 11.64%, and 23.11% higher than those of the control (P-values < 0.05). In conclusion, adding the feldspathic sandstone in an appropriate proportion (e.g., 33%) can considerably improve the water retention capacity of aeolian sandy soil in the study area.

Soil water changes under fallow-crop treatments in relation to soil type, rainfall and yield of wheat

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Soil water changes under fallow (initial cultivation in spring), grassland (initial cultivation in autumn) and the succeeding wheat crops were recorded at two to three weekly intervals in three consecutive seasons in three soil types representing the range of wheat-growing soils in South Australia. Differences in water content between the two treatments developed soon after the start of fallowing due to the greater loss of water from grassland in spring. Rainfall during the fallow period contributed little to soil water storage except in one year when heavy spring rains were recorded. In some instances the water content in the fallowed soils at seeding was less than at the start of fallowing, but the fallowed soils consistently retained more water than the grassland soils. Soil water contents decreased after August of the crop year (end of tillering) and by harvest the wheat crops had commonly dried the soil to a depth of 150 cm. Fallow crops used more water and produced significantly higher wheat yields with a greater efficiency of water use in all trials.

Geostatistical Analysis of Soil Water Content in Natural and Secondary Forests of Changbai Mountain, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 464-468
Author(s):  
Yao Lei Wang ◽  
Ping Ting Guan ◽  
Si Wei Jiang ◽  
Xiao Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Applying a combination of classical and geostatistical analysis, we investigated the distribution properties of soil water contents in broad-leaved Korean Pine forest (A) and secondary Polar-Birch forest (B) in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. The results showed soil water content was significantly different between plots A and B (P < 0.05). The variation coefficient (CV) for soil water content was lower in plot A than in plot B at 0-10 cm depth, while the CV was higher in plot A than in plot B at 10-20 cm depth. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the exponential models were the optimality models for the soil water content in both plots. The spatial structured variance accounted for the largest proportion of total variance in soil water content in both plots. The autocorrelation range value for the semivariogram of soil water content was 8.9 m at 0-10 cm depth and 12.6 m at 10-20 cm depth in plot A, which was more than those in plot B (8.0 m) at both depths. Maps obtained by kriging showed that soil water contents in both plots exhibited different spatial distribution patterns. It could be conclude that the differences of rain time, precipitation form, topography and forest type may contributed to the distribution of soil water content in Changbai Mountain.

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