Discriminant Structures Associated to Matrix Semantics

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Víctor Fernández ◽  
Carina Murciano
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Finite Matrix ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Matrix Semantics ◽  
Whole Class ◽  
Logical Matrices ◽  
Twist Structure

In this paper we show a method to characterize logical matrices by means of a special kind of structures, called here discriminant structures for this purpose. Its definition is based on the discrimination of each truthvalue of a given (finite) matrix M = (A, D), w.r.t. its belonging to D. From this starting point, we define a whole class SM of discriminant structures. This class is characterized by a set of Boolean equations, as it is shown here. In addition, several technical results are presented, and it is emphasized the relation of the Discriminant Structures Semantics (D.S.S) with other related semantics such as Dyadic or Twist-Structure.

Elastothermodynamic Damping of Fiber-Reinforced Metal-Matrix Composites

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Milligan ◽  
V. K. Kinra
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Infinite Matrix ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Finite Matrix ◽  
Starting Point

Recently, taking the second law of thermodynamics as a starting point, a theoretical framework for an exact calculation of the elastothermodynamic damping in metal-matrix composites has been presented by the authors (Kinra and Milligan, 1994; Milligan and Kinra, 1993). Using this work as a foundation, we solve two canonical boundary value problems concerning elastothermodynamic damping in continuous-fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites: (1) a fiber in an infinite matrix, and (2) using the general methodology given by Bishop and Kinra (1993), a fiber in a finite matrix. In both cases the solutions were obtained for the following loading conditions: (1) uniform radial stress and (2) uniform axial strain.

scholarly journals GENRE-DISCOURSIVE SPECIFICITY OF SOMATIC CODE REPRESENTATION IN RUSSIAN LYRIC SONG (ON THE MATERIAL OF TEXTS CONTAINING LEXEME HEAD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Хуа Ван
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Введение. Рассмотрены семантико-когнитивные и функционально-прагматические особенности соматизмов в текстах русских фольклорных лирических песен. Объект научного описания ‒ семантика соматизмов как маркеров национальной идентичности, получающая концептуальное осмысление в связи с ее исследованием в аспекте жанрово-дискурсивного своеобразия лирических песен. Цель ‒ изучить соматический код, эксплицированный лексемой-соматизмом голова, в фольклорном фрагменте русской картины мира с учетом жанрово-дискурсивной обусловленности функционирования этой лексемы. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования выступили 127 текстов русских фольклорных лирических песен, содержащих лексему-соматизм голова, отобранных путем сплошной выборки из сборника лирических песен. Использованы методы наблюдения, количественный и лексико-семантический анализ, а также элементы дискурсивного и концептуального анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. Отправной точкой исследования стал тезис о наличии у соматизмов не только языкового, речевого, но и лингвокультурологического и лингвокогнитивного статуса. Соматизмы определяются в качестве лингвистических маркеров культурного кода русской идентичности и фрагмента национальной картины мира. В значении большинства русских соматизмов присутствует ярко выраженный национально-культурный компонент смысла. Лексема-соматизм голова принадлежит к контенту особо значимых соматизмов, поскольку в языковой картине мира реализует важные для понимания ментальности русского народа концептуальные представления: «хозяин семьи» (во главе семьи), «главное лицо в доме» (во главе стола), «черта национального характера» (буйна головушка) и пр. Данные толкования имеют специфику реализации в лирических песнях разной жанрово-дискурсивной природы. Последний параметр определяется в качестве экстралингвистического, связанного непосредственно с тематическим содержанием каждого конкретного текста. В числе жанровых разновидностей лирических песен анализируются любовные, семейные, военные, рабочие, антиклерикальные, ямщицкие, бурлацкие лирические песни, песни о деревенских праздниках, о житейской доле. Обнаружены также общие черты, отражающие функционирование соматизма голова в текстах лирических песен в целом, которые обусловлены лиризмом особого рода: проникновенностью, рефлексивностью, обостренностью чувствований автора, предельным субъективизмом повествования. Заключение. Изучение соматизмов в аспекте культурологической маркированности позволяет обозначить специфику их семантики, прагматики и функционирования в текстах разной жанрово-дискурсивной направленности. Интерпретация соматического кода русской культуры посредством обращения к анализу соматизмов углубляется и объективируется в контексте жанрово-дискурсивного подхода. Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of the semantic-cognitive and functional-pragmatic features of somatisms in the texts of Russian folklore lyric songs. The object of scientific description is the semantics of somatisms as markers of national identity, which receives conceptual comprehension in connection with its study in the aspect of genre-discursive originality of lyric songs. Aim and objectives. The aim of the research is to study the somatic code, explicated by the lexeme-somatism head in the folklore fragment of the Russian picture of the world, taking into account the genre-discursive conditionality of the functioning of this lexeme. Material and methods. 127 texts of Russian folklore lyric songs containing the lexeme-somatism head, selected by continuous sampling from a collection of lyric songs were used as the research material. The main research methods are observation methods, quantitative analysis, lexical-semantic analysis, elements of discourse and conceptual analysis are used. Results and discussion. The starting point of the study was the thesis that somatisms have not only linguistic, speech, but also linguoculturological and linguo-cognitive status. Somatisms are rightfully defined as linguistic markers of the cultural code of Russian identity and a fragment of the national picture of the world. In the meaning of most Russian somatisms, there is a pronounced national-cultural component of meaning. The lexeme-somatism head belongs to the content of especially significant somatisms, since in the linguistic picture of the world it implements conceptual concepts that are important for understanding the mentality of the Russian people: «the owner of the family» (at the head of the family), «the main person in the house» (at the head of the table), «trait of a national character” (rave head), etc. These interpretations have the specificity of implementation in lyric songs of different genre and discursive nature. The last parameter is defined as extralinguistic, related directly to the thematic content of each specific text. The last parameter is defined as extralinguistic, related directly to the thematic content of each specific text. Among the genre varieties of lyric songs are analyzed love, family, military, workers, anticlerical, coachman, burlak lyric songs, songs about village holidays, about everyday life. The study also revealed common features that reflect the functioning of the head somatism in the lyric songs in general. These features are due to a special kind of lyricism: penetration, reflexivity, heightened feelings of the author, the ultimate subjectivism of the narrative. Conclusion. The study of somatisms in the aspect of their culturological marking makes it possible to identify the specifics of their semantics, pragmatics and functioning in texts of different genre and discursive orientation. The interpretation of the somatic code of Russian culture by means of an analysis of somatisms is deepened and objectified in the context of the genre-discursive approach.

scholarly journals Zur Darstellung nonverbalen Verhaltens in deutschen und schwedischen IRC-Chats. Eine Korpusuntersuchung

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Pankow
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Real Place ◽  
Longitudinal Measurement ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mediated Discourse ◽  
Real Life Situation

The starting point of this paper is the assumption that communication in chat channels is a special kind of computer-mediated discourse in a written (typed) form but with several qualities of oral communication. The paper includes a description of a corpus, which was created by a longitudinal measurement of five German and three Swedish chat channels during two weeks (5th – 19th February 2001). The analysis focuses on those sequences of the discourse which are marked by asterisks like in German chats: *zwinker *, *mitdenfüßennachderfernbedienungfisch* and in Swedish chats: *skrattar * [lach-1-3.Pers.Sg.+Pl.], *börja stappla iväg mot lindsie*[anfang-INFINITIV geh-INFINITIV zu lindsie]. These sequences, which I call *phrases, are linguistically as well as functionally interesting; in both languages namely, they have a special morpho-syntactical structure and are used to represent nonverbal communication like body language, facial expressions and situations or/and activities which accompany the chat discourse in real life. The paper discusses the different verbal structures of the *phrases as well as their nonverbal functions. Among other things, I show that the German *Phrases mostly represent phonations, gestures and facial expressions; they mostly imitate the oral discourse. In these *phrases, the Swedish chat users very often describe the circumstances of the situation where the chat discourse takes place like activities, real place and surroundings of the real life situation.

scholarly journals On the Problem of Extending Matrix Semantics Sdequate to Classical Implicative Logic to Matrix Xemantics Adequate to Classical Conjunctive-Implicative Logic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Владимир Михайлович Попов
Keyword(s):  
Binary Operation ◽  
Matrix Semantics ◽  
Logical Matrices

В (Попов 2019) дан перечень всех логических матриц, носитель каждой из которых есть {1, 1/2, 0} и выделенное множество каждой из которых есть {1}, адекватных классической импликативной логике. В частности, этому перечню принадлежат логические матрицы ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ и ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩. Настоящая статья содержит построение бинарной операции & на {1, 1/2, 0} и доказательство того, что ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, &, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ есть L&⊃ -матрица, адекватная классической конъюнктивно-импликативной логике, а также доказательство того, что не существует операции ψ, для которой ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ψ, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩ есть L&⊃ -матрица, адекватная классической конъюнктивно-импликативной логике. In (Popov 2019), a list of all logical matrices is given, the carrier of each of which is {1, 1/2, 0} and the designated set of each of which is {1}, adequate to classical implicative logic. In particular, to this list belong the logical matrices ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ and ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩. This article contains the construction of the binary operation & on {1, 1/2, 0} and the proof that ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, &, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ there is an L&⊃ -matrix adequate to the classical conjunctive-implicative logic, as well as a proof that there is no operation ψ for which ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ψ, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩ is an L&⊃ -matrix that is adequate to the classical conjunctive-implicative logic.

Konstruktionspatterns in der Idiomatik und ihre kognitiven Grundlagen

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Dobrovol’skij ◽  
Elisabeth Piirainen
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mental Spaces

AbstractThe starting point of this paper is a particular idiom category. It deals with idioms that contain determinative compounds of a special kind. The first element of the compound points to the figurative meaning of the idiom, while the second element is a part of the source concept of the metaphor and thus interacts with the literal meaning. An appropriate apparatus for describing idioms of this category is provided by the Conceptual Blending Theory. It is shown that, apart from metaphorization processes, the blending of mental spaces plays a significant part in bringing about the figurative meaning of the idioms. At the same time, the paper supports the recently discussed hypothesis that phrasemes can be constructed according to certain patterns as recurrent form-meaning pairs. Therefore, the paper contributes to Construction Grammar as well as to Blending Theory and clarifies some aspects of idiom semantics and motivation.

Trust, Testimony, and Prejudice in the Credibility Economy

Hypatia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social

In this paper I argue for a special kind of injustice I call “trust injustice.” Taking Miranda Fricker's work on epistemic injustice as my starting point, I argue that there are some ethical constraints on trust relationships. If I am right about this, then we sometimes have duties to maintain trust relationships that are independent of the social roles we play.

scholarly journals Making Twist-Free Surfaces by Magnetic Assisted Ball Burnishing

2017 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Zsolt Ferenc Kovács ◽  
Zsolt János Viharos ◽  
János Kodácsy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Ball Burnishing ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
Roller Burnishing ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Magnetic Abrasive Polishing ◽  
Finishing Machining ◽  
Twist Structure

As a well-known conventional finishing process, the grinding is commonly used to manufacture seal mating surfaces and bearing surfaces. It would lead to generate another finishing machining, which more cost-and energy-efficient, so the grinding process could be replaced by machining with roller burnishing or special type of polishing. The machined surfaces by turning or grinding usually have twist structure on the surfaces, which can convey lubricants such as conveyor screw. To avoid this phenomenon have to use special kind of techniques or machine, for example, rotation turning, tangential turning, ultrasonic protection or special toll geometries. All of these solutions have a high cost and difficult usability. In this paper, the authors describe a system and summarize the results of the experimental research carried out mainly in the field of Magnetic Abrasive Polishing (MAP) and Magnetic Roller Burnishing (MRB). These technologies are simple and also cheap while result the twist-free surfaces. During the tests, C45 normalized steel was used as workpiece material which was machined by simple and Wiper geometrical turning inserts in a CNC turning lathe. After the turning was used the MAP and MRB technologies to reduce the twist of surfaces. The evaluation was completed by advanced measuring and IT equipment.

scholarly journals FUZZY MODELS OF ANTAGONISTIC GAMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(86)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasyl Pryimak ◽  
Olga Holubnyk
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Optimization Models ◽  
Matrix Game ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Matrix Games ◽  
Finite Matrix ◽  
Antagonistic Games

The article is a continuation of a series of works on modeling situations in competitive markets at both micro and macro levels and the development of approaches to finding solutions to the obtained models. The paper proposes a method for solving a certain class of game-theoretic models under conditions of uncertainty. It is substantiated that a significant part of the problems of economic competition can be reduced to a finite matrix game of two players with zero sum, the matrix of winnings of the first player which has a specific form. Given the high degree of uncertainty in modern domestic markets and the need to simplify the current situation in its modeling due to the impossibility of including in the developed model of all real multifaceted relationships, the article considers antagonistic games with fuzzy parameters. It is proposed to look for the solution of the considered class of finite matrix games by reducing them to two dual optimization problems of linear programming with flexible limit constraints. The case is considered when the coefficients in the system of constraints of these models of linear programming are approximated by piecewise-linear membership functions, because they do not raise the question of linearity of the studied models. Using certain linear transformations, the optimization models of linear programming obtained in this work are reduced to models of a special kind, the method of solving which has been developed by other scientists. The essence of this method is that according to the Bellman-Zadeh approach, the resulting fuzzy model is reduced to the decision problem described by the multi-purpose optimization model, the solution of which includes only those alternatives, in such problems are called Pareto effective. Using this method, the fuzzy model obtained in the work is reduced to a "clear" problem of linear programming, some parameters of which are rationally determined by the person making managerial decisions, based on certain limitations obtained by solving two "clear" optimization models with known coefficients. By finding the solution to these dual problems and calculating the mixed strategies of the two players, the person making management decisions will be able to make the right choice among a set of alternative solutions.

Boris Ananiev’s Theory of Self-Determination of Human Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Soviet Psychology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Ananiev’s approach shares the Activity Theory (AT) paradigm, dominant in Soviet psychology. Ananiev builds on the main fundamentals of the AT paradigm, considering psyche as a special procreation of the matter, engendered by the active interaction of the individual with the environment. The unique feature of his approach to AT is that he turned it “toward the inside,” focusing on the relation of the human individual to his own physicality, to his own bodily substrate. Ananiev sought by his intention to keep a holistic vision of a human being, considering the latter in the context of his real life, that is, the bodily substrate in its biological specificity in context of the concrete sociohistorical life course of the personality. Like no other psychologist, Ananiev did not limit his research to the sphere of narrowly defined mental phenomena. He conducted a special kind of research, labeled as “complex,” in the course of which characteristics of the same subjects: sociological, socio-psychological, mental, physiological, and psychophysiological indicators—life events of the subjects—were monitored for many years. He focused on ontogenetic development in adulthood, which he, ahead of his time, considered as a period of dynamic changes and differentiated development of functions. The focus of his attention was on individual differences in the ontogenetic development of mental and psycho-physiological functions, especially those deviations from general regularities that resulted from the impact of the life course of the individual. Individualization, the increase of individual singularity, is the main effect of human development and its measure for Ananiev. Ananiev developed a number of theoretical models and concepts. The best-known of Ananiev’s heritage is his theoretical model of human development, often named the “individuality concept.” According to this model, humans do not have any preassigned “structure of personality” or “initial harmony.” The starting point of human development is a combination of potentials—resources and reserves, biological and social. The human creates himself in the process of interaction with the world. Specialization, individually specific development of functions, appears here not as a distortion of the pre-set harmony of the whole but as the way of self-determining progressive human development. The most important practical task of psychology he viewed as psychological support and provision in the process of developing a harmonious individuality, based on the individual potentials.

scholarly journals Herstory in Young Adult Fiction by Joanna Rudniańska Based on the Examples of „Rok Smoka” and „Kotka Brygidy”

2019 ◽  
pp. 301-325
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Slany
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The World ◽  
Detailed Interpretation

The paper discusses young adult fiction by Joanna Rudniańska, whose works belong to the stream of non-conformist coming-of-age novels marked by experiences of exclusively teenage girls/women, developing in Poland since the 1990s. Both Rok Smoka and Kotka Brygidy emphasise the personal quality of teenage girls and women, and present their fates with a particular consideration of their fairly individualised processes of maturation and intentional development of their identities. The author of this paper employs feminist methodologies to emphasise the ambivalent, borderline, and negative female experiences in the analysed texts. She offers a detailed interpretation of how the protagonists of the above-mentioned novels experience the world; she applies a metaphorical and fantastic perspective of telling herstories, while searching for matrilineal traces, the phenomenon of sisterhood, drastic rituals inscribed in the feminine domain, and the special kind of coming-of-age which constitutes the starting point for personal and subjective herstories.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document