scholarly journals Variations in glenohumeral movement control when implementing an auditory feedback system: A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Mauricio Barramuño ◽  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Exequiel Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
System A ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Human Motor

Introduction: Human motor control requires a learning process and it can be trained by means of various sensory feedback sources.Objective: To determine variations in glenohumeral movement control by learning in young adults exposed to an auditory feedback system while they perform object translation tasks classified by difficulty level.Materials and methods: The study involved 45 volunteers of both sexes (22 women), aged between 18 and 32 years. Glenohumeral movement control was measured by means of the root mean square (RMS) of the accelerometry signal, while task execution speed (TES) was measured using an accelerometer during the execution of the task according to its difficulty (easy, moderate and hard) in four stages of randomized intervention (control, pre-exposure, exposure-with auditory feedback, and post-exposure).Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the pre-exposure and exposure stages and between pre-exposure and post-exposure stages. A significant increase (p <0.001) in TES was identified between the pre-exposure and exposure stages for tasks classified as easy and hard, respectively.Conclusion: The use of an auditory feedback system in young adults without pathologies enhanced learning and glenohumeral movement control without reducing TES. This effect was maintained after the feedback, so the use of this type of feedback system in healthy individuals could result in a useful strategy for the training of motor control of the shoulder.

Low awareness and use of post-exposure prophylaxis among adolescents and young adults in South Africa: implications for the prevention of new HIV infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Mohammed Sanusi Yusuf ◽  
Elmon Mudefi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Ntombana Rala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals A Human-like Upper-limb Motion Planner: Generating naturalistic movements for humanoid robots

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 172988142199858
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Gulletta ◽  
Eliana Costa e Silva ◽  
Wolfram Erlhagen ◽  
Ruud Meulenbroek ◽  
Maria Fernanda Pires Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Human Motor Control ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Human Motor

As robots are starting to become part of our daily lives, they must be able to cooperate in a natural and efficient manner with humans to be socially accepted. Human-like morphology and motion are often considered key features for intuitive human–robot interactions because they allow human peers to easily predict the final intention of a robotic movement. Here, we present a novel motion planning algorithm, the Human-like Upper-limb Motion Planner, for the upper limb of anthropomorphic robots, that generates collision-free trajectories with human-like characteristics. Mainly inspired from established theories of human motor control, the planning process takes into account a task-dependent hierarchy of spatial and postural constraints modelled as cost functions. For experimental validation, we generate arm-hand trajectories in a series of tasks including simple point-to-point reaching movements and sequential object-manipulation paradigms. Being a major contribution to the current literature, specific focus is on the kinematics of naturalistic arm movements during the avoidance of obstacles. To evaluate human-likeness, we observe kinematic regularities and adopt smoothness measures that are applied in human motor control studies to distinguish between well-coordinated and impaired movements. The results of this study show that the proposed algorithm is capable of planning arm-hand movements with human-like kinematic features at a computational cost that allows fluent and efficient human–robot interactions.

The Effect of Learning Modality and Auditory Feedback on Word Memory: Cochlear-Implanted versus Normal-Hearing Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Michal Icht ◽  
Yaniv Mama
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Silent Reading ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
No Production ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Open Set

AbstractIn recent years, the effect of cognitive abilities on the achievements of cochlear implant (CI) users has been evaluated. Some studies have suggested that gaps between CI users and normal-hearing (NH) peers in cognitive tasks are modality specific, and occur only in auditory tasks.The present study focused on the effect of learning modality (auditory, visual) and auditory feedback on word memory in young adults who were prelingually deafened and received CIs before the age of 5 yr, and their NH peers.A production effect (PE) paradigm was used, in which participants learned familiar study words by vocal production (saying aloud) or by no-production (silent reading or listening). Words were presented (1) in the visual modality (written) and (2) in the auditory modality (heard). CI users performed the visual condition twice—once with the implant ON and once with it OFF. All conditions were followed by free recall tests.Twelve young adults, long-term CI users, implanted between ages 1.7 and 4.5 yr, and who showed ≥50% in monosyllabic consonant-vowel-consonant open-set test with their implants were enrolled. A group of 14 age-matched NH young adults served as the comparison group.For each condition, we calculated the proportion of study words recalled. Mixed-measures analysis of variances were carried out with group (NH, CI) as a between-subjects variable, and learning condition (aloud or silent reading) as a within-subject variable. Following this, paired sample t tests were used to evaluate the PE size (differences between aloud and silent words) and overall recall ratios (aloud and silent words combined) in each of the learning conditions.With visual word presentation, young adults with CIs (regardless of implant status CI-ON or CI-OFF), showed comparable memory performance (and a similar PE) to NH peers. However, with auditory presentation, young adults with CIs showed poorer memory for nonproduced words (hence a larger PE) relative to their NH peers.The results support the construct that young adults with CIs will benefit more from learning via the visual modality (reading), rather than the auditory modality (listening). Importantly, vocal production can largely improve auditory word memory, especially for the CI group.

scholarly journals Consistency influences altered auditory feedback processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 2371-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K Franken ◽  
Daniel J Acheson ◽  
James M McQueen ◽  
Peter Hagoort ◽  
Frank Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
Consistent Condition ◽  
Consistency Effect ◽  
Speech Motor

Previous research on the effect of perturbed auditory feedback in speech production has focused on two types of responses. In the short term, speakers generate compensatory motor commands in response to unexpected perturbations. In the longer term, speakers adapt feedforward motor programmes in response to feedback perturbations, to avoid future errors. The current study investigated the relation between these two types of responses to altered auditory feedback. Specifically, it was hypothesised that consistency in previous feedback perturbations would influence whether speakers adapt their feedforward motor programmes. In an altered auditory feedback paradigm, formant perturbations were applied either across all trials (the consistent condition) or only to some trials, whereas the others remained unperturbed (the inconsistent condition). The results showed that speakers’ responses were affected by feedback consistency, with stronger speech changes in the consistent condition compared with the inconsistent condition. Current models of speech-motor control can explain this consistency effect. However, the data also suggest that compensation and adaptation are distinct processes, which are not in line with all current models.

scholarly journals Abnormal Speech Motor Control in Individuals with 16p11.2 Deletions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Demopoulos ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Danielle Mizuiri ◽  
Jennifer Henderson-Sabes ◽  
Brieana Fregeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Spectral Peak ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Identity Changes ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractSpeech and motor deficits are highly prevalent (>70%) in individuals with the 600 kb BP4-BP5 16p11.2 deletion; however, the mechanisms that drive these deficits are unclear, limiting our ability to target interventions and advance treatment. This study examined fundamental aspects of speech motor control in participants with the 16p11.2 deletion. To assess capacity for control of voice, we examined how accurately and quickly subjects changed the pitch of their voice within a trial to correct for a transient perturbation of the pitch of their auditory feedback. When compared to sibling controls, 16p11.2 deletion carriers show an over-exaggerated pitch compensation response to unpredictable mid-vocalization pitch perturbations. We also examined sensorimotor adaptation of speech by assessing how subjects learned to adapt their sustained productions of formants (speech spectral peak frequencies important for vowel identity), in response to consistent changes in their auditory feedback during vowel production. Deletion carriers show reduced sensorimotor adaptation to sustained vowel identity changes in auditory feedback. These results together suggest that 16p11.2 deletion carriers have fundamental impairments in the basic mechanisms of speech motor control and these impairments may partially explain the deficits in speech and language in these individuals.

scholarly journals Adiabatic invariants drive rhythmic human motion in variable gravity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boulanger ◽  
F. Buisseret ◽  
V. Dehouck ◽  
F. Dierick ◽  
O. White
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Adiabatic Invariants ◽  
Human Motor Control ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Variable Gravity ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Motor Strategies

AbstractNatural human movements are stereotyped. They minimise cost functions that include energy, a natural candidate from mechanical and physiological points of view. In time-changing environments, however, motor strategies are modified since energy is no longer conserved. Adiabatic invariants are relevant observables in such cases, although they have not been investigated in human motor control so far. We fill this gap and show that the theory of adiabatic invariants explains how humans move when gravity varies.

scholarly journals Sole Mate: Safe Path-Finding by Obstacle Detection and Distance Estimation for the Blind

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
System A ◽  
The World ◽  
Distance Sensor ◽  
Visually Challenged ◽  
Additional Device

The world has increased its demand for assistive technology (AT). There are a lot of researches and developments going on with respect to AT. Among the AT devices which are being developed, the need for a reliable and less expensive device which serves as an assistance for a visually challenged person is in serious demand all around the world. We, therefore, intend to provide a solution for this by constructing a device that has the capability to detect the obstacles within a given range for a visually challenged person and alerting the person about the obstacles. This involves various components like a camera for image detection, an ultrasonic distance sensor for distance estimation and a vibration motor which works on the principle of Haptic feedback and rotates with varied intensities depending on how far the obstacle is from the user. This paper presents a model which is a part of the footwear of the user and hence, no additional device is required to hold onto for assistance. The model involves the use of a microcontroller, a camera, to dynamically perceive the obstacles and a haptic feedback system to alert the person about the same. The camera dynamically acquires the real time video footage which is further processed by the microcontroller to detect the obstacles. Simultaneously, one more algorithm is being executed to estimate the distance with the help of an ultrasonic distance sensor. Depending on the distance, the frequency of the vibration motor, which acts as the output for notifying the user about the obstacle, is varied (haptic feedback). With this system, a visually challenged person will be able to avoid the obstacles successfully without the use of any additional device.

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