scholarly journals Occupational health and safety in agriculture. A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Licet Paola Molina-Guzmán ◽  
Leonardo Alberto Ríos-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Search Terms

Introduction: The prevalence of occupational diseases in the agricultural sector is higher than in other industries, since agricultural workers are at higher risk of exposure to different chemicals and pesticides, and are more prone to occupational accidents.Objective: To conduct a review of recent literature on occupational health and risk in agriculture.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciencieDirect and Scopus using the following search strategy: type of articles: original research papers; language: English; publication period: 2006-2016; search terms: "agricultural health", "agrarian health", "risk factors", "epidemiology", "causality" and "occupational", used in different combinations ("AND" and "OR").Results: The search yielded 350 articles, of which 102 met the inclusion criteria. Moreover, 5 articles were found in grey literature sources and included in the final analysis. Most research on this topic has been conducted in the United States, which produced 91% (97/107) of the articles included.Conclusions: Most studies on health and safety in agriculture focused primarily on the harmful effects of occupational exposure to agrochemicals and pesticides, and the consequences of occupational accidents. However, since more than 90% of these studies come from the United States, a more comprehensive approach to health in agriculture is required, since what is reported here may be far from the reality of other regions, especially Latin America.

scholarly journals 1.E. Workshop: Comparative Public Health: Politics, science, and professionalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Systems

Abstract Look around EUPHA, or any other public health conference. Public health is difficult to define, in theory and in practice. Its boundaries are all blurred, whether with medicine, schools, environmental protection or workplace safety inspectorates. Too often, we overstate the similarities between public health systems among countries. Efforts to promote networks, good practice, and even basic coordination have been undermined for decades by misunderstandings born of different educational, organizational, financial and political systems. The lack of comparison, and comparative political analysis in particular, also means that countries can have very similar debates about the proper nature and scope of public health, an about who is to blame for deficiencies, without awareness of when they are distinctive and when they are actually part of larger trends. This project aims to identify and explain variation in the scope and organization of public health systems in selected high-income countries. Based on a formalized comparative historical analysis of Austria, France, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States, researchers in the study first mapped the various axes of divergence: workforce composition, organization, levels of government, relationship to medicine, and the extent to which public health encompassed adjacent areas such as environmental health and occupational health and safety. For each country we then followed both case studies (communicable disease control including vaccines, HIV/AIDS, tobacco control, diet and nutrition, occupational health and safety) as well as the legislative history of the public health field in order to identify its changing organization and scope. It then identifies the relative role of historical legacies, changing science, burden of disease and politics in explaining patterns of both divergence and convergence. This workshop presents four country specific case studies (France, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States) that identify the most important forms of variation and the political, scientific and professional drivers of convergence and divergence. Key messages Political organization and scope as images of public health are grossly under-researched and nonexistent in a comparative nature. Understanding the scope and organization of public health in different countries will permit better lesson-drawing and identification of relevant and effective levers of change.

scholarly journals Sun Protection Beliefs among Hispanics in the US

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marimer Santiago-Rivas ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Lina Jandorf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The Us

Purpose. We reviewed the literature on sun protection beliefs in Hispanics living in the United States to explore what challenges are faced by area of research.Method. A review of PubMED, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases was performed. Studies were published in peer-reviewed journals (in all years available) and written in English. The search terms used were [“skin cancer” OR “sun protection”] AND [“Latino” OR “Hispanic”] AND “beliefs.” Eligible papers were included in the final analysis after meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) the records had to quantitatively examine and report sun protection beliefs in Hispanics, (2) the number of Hispanic participants in the sample had to be clearly specified, and (3) studies reporting differences in sun protection beliefs between Hispanics and other racial and ethnic groups were included in the review.Results. Of the 92 articles identified, 11 met inclusion criteria and addressed sun protection beliefs regarding skin cancer seriousness and susceptibility, and benefits and barriers of sun protection and skin cancer risk behaviors. Characteristics of studies and results were examined.Conclusion. There is insufficient evidence to determine a pattern of sun protection beliefs among Hispanics in the United States. More quality studies are needed which focus on sun protection beliefs in Hispanics.

scholarly journals Recruitment and Entrapment Pathways of Minors into Sex Trafficking in Canada and the United States: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110252
Author(s):  
Kyla Baird ◽  
Jennifer Connolly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
English Language ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
The Us

The domestic sex trafficking of minors is occurring across Canada and the United States. Understanding the routes into sex trafficking, including the way traffickers target, recruit and enmesh youth in the sex trade is invaluable information for service providers and law makers developing prevention and intervention initiatives. This review synthesized research on the exploitation processes and tactics employed by traffickers in the sex trafficking of domestic minors in Canada and the US. The authors comprehensively and systematically searched five electronic databases and obtained additional publications and grey literature through a backward search of the references cited in articles reviewed for inclusion.  Inclusionary criteria included: Studies published in the English language between January 1990 and June 2020 containing original research with quantitative or qualitative data on the recruitment or pathways into sex trafficking for minors trafficked within the US and Canada. The search yielded 23 eligible studies. The synthesis of the studies in the review converged on the notion of sexual exploitation occurring on a continuum comprising of three components; the recruitment context, entrapment strategies utilized by traffickers, and enmeshment tactics used to prolong exploitation. Findings highlight the significant physical, psychological and emotional hurdles faced by youth victims of sex trafficking and point to the importance of comprehensive and holistic approaches to prevention and intervention practices.

scholarly journals Vulnerability and Resilience in the Covid-19 Crisis: Race, Gender, and Belonging

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Eileen Boris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
Home Care Workers

AbstractDuring the early months of the 2020 pandemic, migrants who travelled to the United States to pick crops, scrub floors, stock warehouses, and tend to elders became ‘heroes’ for performing necessary labour – unless they were surplus bodies crammed into prison-like detention waystations before being deported for the crime of arriving without proper papers. The pandemic intensified states of precarity. Especially among those labelled as ‘essential workers’, the lack of protective equipment and labour rights put them on the frontline of exposure. But domestic and home care workers, meatpackers, fieldhands, and others in the US stepped out of the shadows to demand inclusion in social assistance, occupational health and safety laws, and other state benefits. This chapter historicises the recent hardships and the organising of (im)migrant workers: it shows that the policies of Donald J. Trump were not an aberration, but part of a national pattern of racial differentiation with gendered inflections. Vulnerability, however, is only part of the story. Workers remained resilient in the face of the hidden enemy of Covid-19, as they sought safe and decent living and working conditions.

scholarly journals Nursing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: An Unacknowledged and Underutilized Focal Point

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Provider Perspectives

Background: Nurses have the ability to play an important role in patient safety related to antibiotic use and overuse but are often not involved in antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Therefore, nurses need to be educated and trained in antimicrobial stewardship (AS) so that they can more competently contribute to safe patient care. Lewin’s change theory may be utilized as a framework for understanding the integration of nurses into these efforts. Objective of the Study: This integrative review is intended to explore the role of nurses in AS and discuss the importance of nurses needing to be educated, trained, and competent in this so that they can become more actively involved in such programs. Methodology: Articles were gathered from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Google Scholar from June 2015 to December 2019. A five-year time frame was implemented to ensure that the most current information was included. Seventeen peer reviewed, written in English, original research studies that met the inclusion criteria (from the original 107 studies) and conducted in Australia, Canada, Scotland, South Africa, and the United States were included in this review. Results: The identified 17 recent studies focused on nursing and AS. Six major themes emerged, including nurses’ competency requirements and training related to AS, antimicrobial knowledge and educational gaps, perceived role of the nurse, nurses’ attitudes toward antimicrobial use, nurse and provider perspectives on ASPs, and nurses’ valuable contributions to AS. Discussion: This integrative review found that including nurses in AS would benefit ASPs and that finding ways for facilities to organize and implement such efforts is vital. This ties into the first stage of Lewin’s change theory of “unfreezing” and recognizing that the current (or old) way of practicing is in need of change. The literature reviewed provides evidence that nurses have the capacity to be an integral part of any ASPs and that they can help combat antimicrobial resistance in myriad ways when provided the necessary training and education. All studies reviewed found positive aspects to having nurse representation. However, there are gaps in antimicrobial based knowledge on the part of the nurses. Limitations: The limitations of this integrative review include the fact that the publications used were limited to a five-year timeframe and came specifically from nursing journals or have at least one nurse author contributor. Also, the current review included five international studies where the nurses’ scope and standards of practice may be different from those in the United States. A search of the grey literature reports related to AS was not conducted and could have provided additional valuable information as well. Conclusion and Recommendations: Nursing participation is needed in all ASPs. Empowering and educating nurses to feel confident and competent in this role will help to mitigate the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials. The ASPs most likely vary from institution to institution and future research should provide a framework for how to best disseminate information to nurses. Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotic Training, Nurses

scholarly journals Farmers’ approaches on occupational health and safety: the case of city of Osmaniye and Konya, Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin Bahşi ◽  
Osman Kendi
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Results

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge levels of farmers who operate in agricultural activities. This activityconsidered among the most dangerous sectors in Turkey and around the world, on occupational accidents and diseases, occupational health and safety (OHS). The other objective was to learn about farmers’ thoughts and contribute to raise awareness and disseminate of occupational health and safety, in Osmaniye and Konya provinces where intensive agricultural activities take place. For this purpose, a face-to-face interview was conducted with 185 farmers in Osmaniye and Konya provinces. According to the survey results, 45.9% of the farmers stated that they had no idea about occupational health and safety, while only 24.3% of them had occupational health and safety education. There are statistically significant differences in farmers’ age and learning status, their views on occupational health and safety, and their knowledge of occupational health and safety obligations in agriculture. More awareness on occupational health and safety in the agricultural sector should be established. Information and education activities should be carried out to minimize risks and dangers.

The Contributions and Challenge of Participatory Action Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Participatory Action

This article offers some illustrations of participatory action research in the field of occupational health and safety, including collaboration with June Fisher. It places her work in the larger context of these intervention and action research efforts that are designed to improve the work environment by enhancing worker participation. Challenges for occupational health professionals in the United States are offered.

Ergonomics Awareness Training for Industry

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 465-467
Author(s):  
John K. Schmidt ◽  
John Katchan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Design ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Background Material

Many manufacturing firms across the United States are introducing basic ergonomic principles into their production lines. The rationale for this stems from two basic sources: 1) promote higher quality workmanship through reduced worker fatigue and 2) increase occupational health and safety through improved job design. Several firms have opted to include ergonomics awareness training for their employees as part of this effort. The inherent challenge of this undertaking is to design a course of instruction which can effectively disseminate enough background material to achieve ergonomics awareness. The intention of this paper is to discuss the process which was used in developing, conducting, and evaluating such a course of instruction.

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