Assessing the Balance of the Urban Settlement System in the European North of Russia

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-665
Author(s):  
Irina A. Sekushina
Keyword(s):  
Small Towns ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
European North

Introduction. In modern Economics, one of the most common and simplest methods of analyzing the balance of urban settlement systems is to assess their compliance with Zipf's law or the rank–size rule. The basis of this pattern is the relationship between urban population and its place in the hierarchy of towns ranked in descending order of size. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article assesses the balance of the urban settlement system of the European North Russia, as one of its regions, by analyzing its compliance with Zipf’s law. Materials and Methods. The official data from the Federal State Statistics Service on the population of towns in the European North of Russia for 1959, 1989 and 2019 were used as materials of the study. The method of constructing a linear regression between the logarithm of the actual population and the logarithm of the rank of the town was used to verify Zipf's law for the urban network of the region in a certain period. In order to substantiate the conclusions drawn, an analysis of the dynamics of the number of towns and the share of the population living in them was carried out. The monographic method, as well as the methods of tabular and graphical data visualization, was used to interpret the results of the calculations. Results. Based on the analysis of data on the application of the rank–size rule for the towns in the European North of Russia, it has been found that Zipf’s law was not fully observed in any time period, which indicates the imbalance of the existing urban settlement system. In the period from 1959 to 2019, there was an increase in the concentration of the population in the major cities of the region. The imbalance is also caused by the growing number of small towns with a population that does not correspond to the optimal value according to Zipf's law. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the calculations, the author has come to the conclusion that the cities of Arkhangelsk and Cherepovets have the potential for growth, as well as some others with a population of up to 100 thousand people. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained to prognosticate the population of towns in the European North of Russia when planning the location of production facilities, as well as transport and social infrastructure in the region.

scholarly journals URBAN SETTLEMENT IN THE KYIV REGION: DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Anatoly DOTSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Urban Settlements

The article deals with the socio-geographical processes of the development of urban settlement in a specific region of Ukraine, such as Kyiv Region, where a relatively large, branched and stable urban settlement network has historically been formed. In the process of functioning of this network, cer tain features and disproportions of the structure of the urban network, in par ticular towns and cities of urban type, have been identif ied, which has caused some problems for the further development of urban settlements. Geographical situation (location around the Ukrainian capital) makes significant influence on the development of urban settlements in the Kyiv region. Over the past 27 years there have been significant shif ts due to its dynamism: e.g., two new cities emerged on the basis of urban-type settlements; one city has moved from the middle-size to the small category; two large villages have been moved to the category of urban-type settlements, etc. Multivectoral socio-economic development resulted in significant differences in the urban settlement systems of the Kyiv region and adjacent regions. Taking into account the tendency of urban settlement system development in 2001-2016, as well as peculiarities of the structure of urban and urban-type settlements, the author developed the forecast of the development of urban settlements in the Kyiv region and justified directions for solving their problems. Solving the problems of socio-economic development of urban settlements in the Kyiv region requires a differentiated approach to the study of settlements, depending on their population, functions, geographical location, etc. The problem of activating the socio-economic development of small cities is particularly acute. This problem at the beginning of the XXI century began to be gradually solved in the process of implementing two national programs for small cities, but these programs have not been implemented due to the termination of the state funding. Monofunctional small towns of Kyiv region need special attention. The main directions of their development are: technical and managerial improvement of existing enterprises, construction of new industrial enterprises, operationally interconnected with the existing ones, increase of investments, strengthening of transport and social infrastructure, thus contributing to attractiveness and competitiveness of these cities.

scholarly journals Key Trends and Prospects for sustainable Development of the Urban settlement system in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-172
Author(s):  
R. V. Fattakhov ◽  
M. M. Nizamutdinov ◽  
Yu. S. Aitova ◽  
V. V. Oreshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
High Level

The subject of the study is the problem of the spatial distribution of the population in Russia and its regions. The relevance of research is determined by the key trends in the processes of distribution and movement of human capital in the context of cities. The paper aims to analyze the key trends and prospects for the development of the Russian settlement system at the federal, regional, and local levels. The research methods include a critical analysis of approaches to territorial settlement optimization, the modern system of urban settlement in Russia and its regions based on the use of statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2011-2019. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the studied processes by countries using the Zipf method, as well as by Russian regions using the the Lorenz coefficient. It has been determined that the group of regions with an increase in the level of differentiation of urban settlement is characterized by a high level of depopulation of small and medium-sized cities with a contraction and concentration of the population in the largest city of the region, which creates additional risks for the sustainable development of the territory. A decrease in the level of differentiation of urban settlement is observed in regions where the share of the population of both small and medium-sized cities (but at a slower pace) and large ones is decreasing. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of an approach to improving the settlement system in Russia based on the application of the Lorenz coefficient and modelling methods. The authors conclude that an uneven system of settlement has developed in Russia, creating prerequisites for the emergence of new imbalances and threats to the complex sustainable development of the country’s territory. In this regard, it is advisable to develop an appropriate document in the field of state policy at the federal level or clarify similar issues within the framework of existing documents, as well as to increase the scientific validity of the measures taken using formalized methods of forecasting and planning. A promising direction in this area is the development of an agent-based model that allows increasing the efficiency of the distribution of financial resources for the development of social infrastructure. The results of the study justify the expediency of reallocating financial resources of the budget to ensure state policy in the field of development of the settlement system in the country.

Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Gavrilyeva ◽  
E. A. Kolomak ◽  
A. I. Zakharov ◽  
K. V. Khorunova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Rural And Urban

The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core of the system - Yakutsk agglomeration. Compression capacity of settlement system in the region is far from being exhausted, as evidenced by behavior of Theil and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, as well as by average population density of settlements.

scholarly journals REGIONAL CAPITALS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION IN THE STRATIFICATION OF EKISTIC SPACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(16) (3) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
V. Chugunova ◽  
N. Morkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Main Factor

The article considers in retrospect the processes of changing the urban settlement system of the Central Black Earth region, which transformed the urbanistic and demourbanistic structures of the regions. The hypertrophied development of regional capitals, the formation of regional metropolises on their basis is revealed, have been proved the unstable state of large and medium-sized cities, the degradation of small ones, and the presence of inharmonious proportions of the settlement system. It is established that the main factor of uneven, growing polarized development urban is the capital status, small towns and villages remain sources of population growth in regional metropolises.

scholarly journals Demography and the emergence of universal patterns in urban systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís M. A. Bettencourt ◽  
Daniel Zünd
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
City Size ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Population Sizes

Abstract Urban areas exist in a wide variety of population sizes, from small towns to huge megacities. No proposed form for the statistical distribution of city sizes has received more attention than Zipf’s law, a Pareto distribution with power law exponent equal to one. However, this distribution is typically violated by empirical evidence for small and large cities. Moreover, no theory presently exists to derive city size distributions from fundamental demographic choices while also explaining consistent variations. Here we develop a comprehensive framework based on demography to show how the structure of migration flows between cities, together with the differential magnitude of their vital rates, determine a variety of city size distributions. This approach provides a powerful mathematical methodology for deriving Zipf’s law as well as other size distributions under specific conditions, and to resolve puzzles associated with their deviations in terms of concepts of choice, symmetry, information, and selection.

scholarly journals Types, Tokens, and Hapaxes: A New Heap’s Law

Glottotheory ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Victor Davis
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
New Words ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Combinatorial Model

Abstract Heap’s Law https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=539986 Heaps, H S 1978 Information Retrieval: Computational and Theoretical Aspects (Academic Press). states that in a large enough text corpus, the number of types as a function of tokens grows as N = K{M^\beta } for some free parameters K, \beta . Much has been written http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/15/9/093033 Font-Clos, Francesc 2013 A scaling law beyond Zipf’s law and its relation to Heaps’ law (New Journal of Physics 15 093033)., http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/11/12/123015 Bernhardsson S, da Rocha L E C and Minnhagen P 2009 The meta book and size-dependent properties of written language (New Journal of Physics 11 123015)., http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-5468/2011/07/P07013 Bernhardsson S, Ki Baek and Minnhagen 2011 A paradoxical property of the monkey book (Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, Volume 2011)., http://milicka.cz/kestazeni/type-token_relation.pdf Milička, Jiří 2009 Type-token & Hapax-token Relation: A Combinatorial Model (Glottotheory. International Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 2 (1), 99–110)., https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00943 Petersen, Alexander 2012 Languages cool as they expand: Allometric scaling and the decreasing need for new words (Scientific Reports volume 2, Article number: 943). about how this result and various generalizations can be derived from Zipf’s Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0052442 Zipf, George 1949 Human behavior and the principle of least effort (Reading: Addison-Wesley). Here we derive from first principles a completely novel expression of the type-token curve and prove its superior accuracy on real text. This expression naturally generalizes to equally accurate estimates for counting hapaxes and higher n-legomena.

scholarly journals Dynamical approach to Zipf's law

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giordano De Marzo ◽  
Andrea Gabrielli ◽  
Andrea Zaccaria ◽  
Luciano Pietronero
Keyword(s):  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Dynamical Approach

Optimization of morpheme length: a cross-linguistic assessment of Zipf’s and Menzerath’s laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Stave ◽  
Ludger Paschen ◽  
François Pellegrino ◽  
Frank Seifart
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Zipf’S Law ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Linguistic Assessment ◽  
Linguistic Units

Abstract Zipf’s Law of Abbreviation and Menzerath’s Law both make predictions about the length of linguistic units, based on corpus frequency and the length of the carrier unit. Each contributes to the efficiency of languages: for Zipf, units are more likely to be reduced when they are highly predictable, due to their frequency; for Menzerath, units are more likely to be reduced when there are more sub-units to contribute to the structural information of the carrier unit. However, it remains unclear how the two laws work together in determining unit length at a given level of linguistic structure. We examine this question regarding the length of morphemes in spoken corpora of nine typologically diverse languages drawn from the DoReCo corpus, showing that Zipf’s Law is a stronger predictor, but that the two laws interact with one another. We also explore how this is affected by specific typological characteristics, such as morphological complexity.

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