scholarly journals Digestión de materia seca, proteína cruda y aminoácidos de la dieta de vacas lecheras

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Monica Duque Quintero ◽  
Ricardo Rosero Noguera ◽  
Marta Olivera Ángel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

The aim of this study was to determine the digestion of dry matter (MS), crude protein (PC) and amino acids (AA) in dairy cows. Two cannulated cows were used for the determination of passage rate (Kp), in situ ruminal degradability (DR) and intestinal digestibility (DI) by abomasal catheter. The data to calculate Kp was analyzed with NLIN procedure by SAS, and descriptive statistics for DR and DI of MS, PC and AA from Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), a commercial supplement and two sources of rumen-protected AA. The study showed a Kp and a ruminal retention time of 0.036 h-1 and 27.4 h. The highest values from DR of MS and CP were from Kikuyu grass (69.0 and 61.8%) and concentrate (84.7 and 77.2%), followed by MetP (60.2 and 66.7%) and LysP (6.72 and 11.4%). The highest percentages of rumen indegradable amino acids (AADR) were from Kikuyu and concentrate, varying between 58.7 and 68% in forage, and 76.1 and 82.9% in the concentrate. The DR was 11.5 and 65.8% in LysP and MetP, respectively. The DI of AA (%AADR) varied between 42.3 and 77.4% for Kikuyu and 42.2 and 59.3% for concentrate. The values for the protected amino acids were 42.1 for LysP and 58.6 for MetP. 

scholarly journals Bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of Xaraés palisade grass under grazing in integrated systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53004
Author(s):  
Francyelle Ruana Faria da Silva ◽  
Ana Karina Dias Salman ◽  
Pedro Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

To evaluate the bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) under grazing in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forest (ICLF) systems, we conducted an in situ degradability trial in randomized blocks with three non-lactating 3/4 Gyr × 1/4 Holstein cows, provided with ruminal cannula. The management of Xaraés palisade grass was similar in both systems, differing only regarding shading in the ICLF system provided by eucalyptus trees (average 65% crown cover). Grass samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Considering the passage rate 2% h-1, the Xaraés palisade grass of ICL system had greater NDF effective degradability in relation to ICLF (46.38% vs 44.98%). However, the palisade grass CP potential degradability was greater in the ICLF than in the ICL system (68.92% vs. 65.40%). The presence of trees in the pasture has effect on nutritional traits of the Xaraés palisade grass, increasing its protein content and degradability and reducing its fiber degradability.

scholarly journals Ruminal degradability of high moisture triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) silage with chemical and biological additives

2020 ◽  
pp. 2391-2400
Author(s):  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Robson Marcelo Rossi ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Murilo Dolfini Paranzini ◽  
Vinicius André de Pietro Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Bayesian Procedures ◽  
Passing Rate ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of high moisture triticale silage ensiled with different chemical and biological additives. Urea, sodium benzoate and an enzyme-bacterial inoculant were used as treatments. Four samples from each treatment were incubated in rumen on four sheep. Effective degradability was estimated for ruminal passage rate of 2%, 5% and 8% hour-1. Bayesian procedures were used to estimate potential degradation parameters in situ. The high moisture triticale silage with urea showed highest value for the soluble fraction (70.46%) and the best effective dry matter degradability, with a passing rate of 2% h-1 (90.63%), of control silage at other rates of passage. In relation to control silage, the addition of sodium benzoate and enzyme-bacterial inoculant decreased the effective degradability of dry matter, regardless of rate passage evaluated. Due to high solubility of urea, the silage added with this additive had the highest soluble fraction of crude protein (76.42%). The addition of enzyme-bacterial inoculant accelerated the ruminal passage rate of dry matter and protein to 0.26 and 0.20% h-1, respectively, providing less potential degradability of both in relation to other silages. As enzyme-bacterial inoculation reduces rumen degradability of crude protein, it tends to increase the availability of amino acids for intestinal absorption. The addition of urea to high moisture triticale silage may be recommended for sheep feeding at a low level of consumption, as it improves the effective dry matter degradability.

scholarly journals DEGRADAÇÃO RUMINAL DA MATÉRIA SECA E DE PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE VOLUMOSOS PARA BOVINOS Ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of roughages for cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique De Tonissi e Buschinelli ◽  
Rita De Cássia Menchon Tramontini ◽  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Gabriel Daltoé de Almeida ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca e proteína bruta por meio da técnica in situ dos capins Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum cortados aos 60 dias de idade, das silagens de milho, sorgo e milheto, dos fenos de coast cross, guandu e soja perene e do farelo de soja. Foram utilizados três novilhos com peso médio de 300 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais. Os volumosos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h, e o farelo de soja incubado nos tempos 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h. Os resíduos dos sacos foram analisados quanto aos teores de matéria seca e proteína bruta. O farelo de soja apresentou alta degradabilidade efetiva para MS em função das frações solúveis (32,85%) e fração potencialmente degradável (65,75%). A silagem de sorgo apresentou elevada fração solúvel e potencialmente degradável se comparada às demais silagens. O feno de soja perene apresentou a maior degradabilidade de MS (80,42%), entre os volumosos avaliados. Para a proteína, destacam-se a baixa degradabilidade apresentada pelo feno de guandu (36,91%) e os demais volumosos apresentaram degradabilidade variando entre 64,50 a 74,56%.

Determination of degradation in the rumen for dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvested at differentmaturity stages using the in situ nylon bag method

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Karayilanli ◽  
Veysel Ayhan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Mature Period ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The aim of this study was to determine the degradation in the rumen for the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvested at different maturity stages by using an in situ nylon bag method. Maturity and harvesting effects were observed in ruminally degradable DM, OM and CP. High correlations between in situ degradability and maturity were determined. Alfalfa harvested in the bud period exhibited more extensive ruminal DM, OM and CP degradation than that harvested at other maturity stages. The alfalfa hay’s DM, OM and CP degradability were lowest (62.18%, 59.52% and 76.31%, respectively) in its most mature period of seed setting; its degradability decreased with maturity (17%, 14% and 13%, respectively).

Chemical composition, in situ degradable coefficients, and ruminal and post-ruminal dry matter and crude protein disappearances of rapeseed meal

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Mazhari ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

Several experiments have been conducted on the value of rapeseed meal (RSM) for dairy cows (Laarveld et al., 1976). The crude protein (CP) content of RSM is almost high (360-420 g kg-1 of DM) with a good amino acid balance. The in situ degradability of RSM was extensively studied (Kendall et al., 1991). The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition, in situ degradable coefficients, and ruminal and post-ruminal dry matter (DM) and CP disappearances of an Iranian variety of rapeseed meal (SLM sp.).

Degradability chracteristics of dry matter and crude protein of Iranian forages in ruminant

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
A. Taghizadeh ◽  
J. shoja ◽  
G. Moghaddam ◽  
H. Jhonmohammadi ◽  
P. Yasan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Sheep Rumen ◽  
Male Sheep

Values for crude protein (CP) and ruminally undegradable CP content are now required in feed evaluation systems currently used in North America (NRC,1989) and other organizations (Ørskov,1992).The objectives of the present study were to assess in situ ruminal degradability, fractional rates of digestion and the effective degradability of the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of alfalfa and red clover hays, selected randomly from dairy farms of Tabriz region in Iran on the male sheep rumen.

scholarly journals Diets for Dairy Cows with Different Proportions of Crude Protein Originating from Red Clover Silage versus Soybean Meal: Ruminal Degradation and Intestinal Digestibility of Amino Acids

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Edwin Westreicher-Kristen ◽  
Ralf Blank ◽  
Monika Paschke-Beese ◽  
Wiebke Kühl ◽  
Siegfried Wolffram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The purpose was to assess the effect of exchanging crude protein (CP) of soybean meal (SBM) with red clover silage (RCS) in total mixed rations (TMR) on ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility (ID) of essential amino acids (EAA). Four TMR and their individual feed components were studied. The TMR were composed of forage and concentrates (75:25), with proportions of RCS in TMR of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 on a dry matter basis, resulting in diet groups RCS15, RCS30, RCS45, and RCS60, respectively. The ruminal degradation of EAA was determined using the nylon bag technique. For this, samples of TMR and their individual feed components were ruminally incubated for 16 h. The feed residues of TMR obtained after 16 h of incubation were used for the determination of ID of EAA using the mobile-bag technique. Increasing RCS and reducing SBM proportions linearly increased (p < 0.01) the in situ ruminal degradation of individual EAA from 75.5% to 83.5%. The degradation of EAA followed the trend of CP degradation among TMR, except for Cys that was lower (p < 0.05) than that of CP in RCS60 (79.7% vs. 86.3%). The degradation of EAA in individual feed ingredients not always corresponded to the degradation of CP and was feed dependent. Increasing the proportions of RCS in the TMR linearly reduced (p < 0.001) the ID of EAA (except for Ile) from 78.2% to 67.3%. However, the ID of EAA did not always reflect the ID of CP, and in general, the differences between the ID of CP and EAA increased as RCS increased in the TMR. The ID values of most of the EAA were similar (p > 0.05) to ID of CP in RCS15 and RCS30, while they mostly differed (p < 0.05) in RCS45 and RCS60, and being higher for EAA than CP (except for Cys that was lower than CP, p < 0.05). Similar trends were observed for intestinal absorbable AA, resulting in higher values (p < 0.05) of intestinal absorbable for all EAA than of CP in diet RCS60. In conclusion, increasing levels of RCS in TMR reduced the extent of EAA flow into the small intestine, the ID of EAA, and consequently the intestinal absorbable EAA. Therefore, accurate determination of metabolizable AA must be considered for optimal diet formulation when including high proportions of RCS in diets of high-producing dairy cows.

scholarly journals In situ ruminal degradation of sallow tree leaves using different mathematical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. e2170
Author(s):  
Valiollah Palangi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the in situ digestion parameters of sallow leaves (Salix Alba) as an alternative food, not commonly used in animal diets using mathematical models. Materials and methods. Four mathematical models were used to describe the ruminal disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of sallow leaves: non lagged exponential (Model I); lagged exponential (Model II); Gompertz (Model III), and generalized Mitscherlich (Model IV). Results. Results of DM and CP degradability characteristics showed that all the models fitted well (r2>0.98) to the disappearance data. There were minor differences between the models in terms of statistical evaluations. However, the models differed in the estimated parameters depending on the model’s nature and structure and the parameters included. Conclusions. Given that some models estimated negative values for the studied parameters, they were not biologically acceptable. For this reason, the only model I can be used for estimating the degradability of DM and CP of sallow leaves. In terms of effective degradability (ED) of DM, model III was not used in the calculations because of calculating negative values for part A. Sallow leaves constitute the largest possible proportion of the ruminal degradability fractions, and effective degradability can be used as a forage source in ruminant feeds.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca, proteína y fibra del forraje de morera (Morus alba).

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The purpose of this study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and their fractions, contained in regrowth of mulberry at 56, 84 and 112 days. The degradation of leaves, stems and the whole plant was calculated. The potential degradability of these three components diminished as the regrowth aged. The soluble fraction of the dry matter was reduced from 29% to 25% in the leaves and from 27% to 19% in the stems between the 56th and the112th day. The degradable fraction in the stem remained constant (61-63%) on the three measuring days, with ruminal degradation levels of 14%, 10% and 9%/h respectively. In the stem the degradable fraction diminished from 42% to 30% between the 56th and 112th day, with degradation speeds of 8.4%, 6.7 % and 5.3%/h. The soluble crude protein diminished with age from 41% to 33% in the entire plant and the degradable fraction remained constant between 49% and 51%. The degradation rate was higher than 9.4%/h. The neutral detergent fiber had a degradable fraction of 71%, 62% y 43% on the 56th, 84th and 112th day, with degradation rates of 13%, 10% y 9%/h respectively. The degradation of the neutral detergent fiber began in the rumen with a lag time of 1.5 to 3.2 hours.

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