scholarly journals Evaluación de arvenses como hospedantes alternos de nematodos fitoparásitos en cafetales en Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Walter Peraza-Padilla ◽  
Martha Orozco-Aceves
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Coffee Plants

There is potential for weeds to be alternative hosts of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN), but a methodology that assesses the phytosanitary risk derived from the presence of weeds in plantations is not available. This research was conducted in order to determine if the presence of weeds in coffee plantations (organic and conventional) represented a phytosanitary risk due to their role as alternative hosts of PPN. The research was developed into two plantation located in Aserrí, San José, Costa Rica during August, 2010. The most important weeds were identified in the plantations, also nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were quantified in soil and roots from selected weeds and coffee plants. A permutational analysis of variance was executed in order to determine the genera of PPN that significantly differed from the ones found in weeds to the ones found in coffee plants. Based on these results, the weeds were classified as: reservoir, trap crop, or weak host of PPN. This classification criterion, in addition to life cycle and type of parasitism of the PPN were used to assign numerical values to the weeds. The values were used to calculate the Phytosanitary Risk Index (PRI) that acquired a maximum value of 10 for the weed Piper umbellatum in the organic plantation, and a maximum value of 24 for Commelina diffusa, Emilia fosbergii, Spananthe paniculata, Delilia biflora, and Spermacoce hirta in the conventional plantation. The results indicated that from a nematological perspective the presence of these weeds in coffee plantation could be a potential risk for coffee plants

Nematicidal activity of cinnamon bark extracts and chitosan against Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dang-Minh-Chanh Nguyen ◽  
Thi-Hoan Luong ◽  
Trong-Khanh Nguyen ◽  
Woo-Jin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Pratylenchus Coffeae ◽  
Yellow Leaf Disease ◽  
Coffee Plants

Summary In this study, we aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of cinnamon bark extracts (CE) and chitosan (Cs) against Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae under pot and field conditions. In the pot experiments, CE mixed with Cs effectively inhibited M. incognita and P. coffeae infection on robusta coffee plants. The formulations applied, CE:Cs = 8 mg:30 mg, CE:Cs = 16 mg:60 mg and CE:Cs = 16 mg:60 mg per pot, significantly reduced the gall index and nematode number in 5 g of root and 100 g of soil. In addition, the application of CE:Cs = 48 mg:180 mg CE:Cs = 80 mg:300 mg and CE:Cs = 112 mg:420 mg plant−1 effectively reduced root gall formation and nematode density in roots and soil compared with the non-treated control under field conditions. Nematode density in the roots was positively correlated with the rate of yellow leaf disease. These results suggest that cinnamon mixed with chitosan may be used as an effective eco-friendly pesticide against plant-parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Nitrous Oxide Emission Fluxes in Coffee Plantations during Fertilization: A Case Study in Costa Rica

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Macarena San Martin Ruiz ◽  
Martin Reiser ◽  
Martin Kranert
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
N2o Fluxes

The main source of N2O emissions is agriculture, and coffee monocultures have become an important part of these emissions. The demand for coffee has increased in the last five decades. Thus, its production in agricultural fields and the excess of fertilizers have increased. This study quantified N2O emissions from different dose applications and types of nitrogen fertilizer in a region of major coffee production in Costa Rica. A specific methodology to measure N2O fluxes from coffee plants was developed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Measurements were performed in a botanical garden in Germany and plots in Costa Rica, analyzing the behavior of a fertilizer in two varieties of coffee (Catuai and Geisha), and in a field experiment, testing two types of fertilizers (chemical (F1) and physical mixture (F2)) and compost (SA). As a result, the additions of synthetic fertilizer increased the N2O fluxes. F2 showed higher emissions than F1 by up to 90% in the field experiment, and an increase in general emissions occurred after a rain event in the coffee plantation. The weak levels of N2O emissions were caused by a rainfall deficit, maintaining low water content in the soil. Robust research is suggested for the inventories.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Abundance and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with BP 308 and BP 42 clones of robusta coffee in Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUTALA’LIAH MUTALA’LIAH ◽  
SIWI INDARTI ◽  
NUGROHO SUSETYA PUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Mutala’liah, Indarti S, Putra NS. 2018. Abundance and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with BP 308 and BP 42 clones of robusta coffee in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 67-70. Plant parasitic nematodes are an important limiting factor in the productivity of coffee plantations. Clone resistance and soil texture influence the severity of plant infestation by parasitic nematodes. The aim of this research was to determine the diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in two clone of Robusta coffee (BP 308 and BP 42) on soils with different contents of sand. The research was carried out in Malangsari Field (East Java), Getas Field (Central Java) and Candiroto Field (Central Java). Nematodes were extracted from soil samples by the decanting method using a whitehead tray, while roots sample by the funnel spray method with a ‘mistifier’. Differences in diversity of nematode genera between clone and location combinations were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that there were five genera associated with Robusta coffee, i.e. Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, and Meloidogyne. With clone BP 308 at the Malangsari Field site where soil contained 31.3 % sand, Pratylenchus was the most abundant genus i.e. 6 nematodes/100 mL soil. On the same clone, BP 308, at the Getas Field site where soil contained 26.9 % sand, Meloidogyne was the most abundant i.e. 14.4 nematodes/10 g roots. With clone BP 42 at the Candiroto Field site with 25.5 % sand in the soil, Pratylenchus was highly abundant i.e. 60 nematodes/10 g roots.

scholarly journals First Report of a Phytoplasma Associated with Witches'-Broom of the Giant Coral Tree (Erythrina poeppigiana, Fabaceae) in Costa Rica

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1512-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saborío-R. ◽  
W. Villalobos ◽  
C. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Erythrina Poeppigiana ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Extraction ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Coral Tree

The giant coral tree (Erythrina poeppigiana, Fabaceae) is a common shade tree in coffee plantations in Costa Rica. Coral trees are pruned to decrease fungal infections and increase nitrogen fixation. Recently, severe shoot proliferation, internodes shortening, and leaf reduction were observed in pruned shade trees in the south of San José Province, Costa Rica. Leaf samples from 10 symptomatic E. poeppigiana trees were collected. Also, two samples from symptomless coral trees were collected from areas free of witches'-broom. Total DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of petiole tissue from all samples with the plant extraction mini kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) with a modified protocol (2) and assayed by nested PCR with phytoplasma universal rDNA primers (P1/P7) (1) and R16F2n/R16R2 (3). All symptomatic trees tested positive for phytoplasmas by PCR, yielding the expected 1.2-kb band. DNA from the symptomless trees was not amplified by PCR. The restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses (HaeIII, AluI, RsaI, BfaI, HpaII, KpnI, HhaI, and MseI) and the sequence of the 1.2-kb PCR fragment (GenBank Accession No. DQ485305) revealed that the phytoplasma associated with coral tree witches'-broom belongs to the aster yellows phytoplasma group (16SrI) (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phytoplasma belonging to the aster yellow group causing witches'-broom in the Erythrina genus. References: (1) S. Deng and C. Hiruki. J. Microbiol. Methods 14:53, 1991. (2) M. J. Green et al. Plant Dis. 83:482, 1999. (3) D. E. Gundersen and I. M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (4) I. M Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.48:1153, 1998.

Decline of Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus arabocoffeae populations after death and removal of 5-year-old arabica coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Catimor) trees

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau Nguyen ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Wim Wesemael ◽  
Phap Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pratylenchus Coffeae ◽  
Coffee Plants

AbstractThe decline of populations of the plant-parasitic nematodes Radopholus arabocoffeae and Pratylenchus coffeae was studied after the death and removal of severely damaged coffee plants (Coffea arabica cv. Catimor) in a field naturally infested with both nematodes. Soil samples were taken at monthly intervals up to a depth of 70 cm and divided into 10 cm segments from which nematodes were extracted. The numbers of R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae in soil and in root fragments were determined. Both species were found up to 70 cm depth. Densities of R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae populations declined exponentially over time in all soil layers. No nematodes were found in soil and root fragments 10 and 11 months after removal of the infected coffee plants for R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae, respectively. Arabica coffee seedlings were planted in soil collected from the experimental plots after these time periods. The seedlings were grown for 3 months in a glasshouse and then roots and soil were analysed for presence of both nematode species. No R. arabocoffeae and P. coffeae were found, confirming that the population in the field had completely declined. The results of this experiment demonstrate that a replant of coffee is possible 1 year after removal of infected plants from a plantation without any further (chemical) control measures.

scholarly journals Charles H. Lankester (1879-1969): his life and legacy

Lankesteriana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ossenbach
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Central American ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Assistant Director ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
The University ◽  
Don Carlos

Charles Herbert Lankester (1879-1969) was without a doubt the most dominant figure of Central American orchidology during his time. Better known as ‘Don Carlos’, Lankester was born in Southampton, England, on June 14 1879. It was in London that he read an announcement offering a position to work as an assistant to the recently founded Sarapiquí Coffee Estates Company in Costa Rica, he applied and was hired. Surely influenced by his uncle’s zoological background, Lankester was at first interested in birds and butterflies. However, living in Cachí, at that time one of the regions with the greatest botanical diversity, he must have fallen under the spell of the plant world as he soon began collecting orchids in the nearby woods. Many of the plants he collected at this time proved to be new species. With no literature at his hand to determine the plants he collected, Lankester started corresponding with the assistant director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, Arthur Hill in 1910, and somewhat later with Robert Allen Rolfe, Kew’s most eminent authority on orchids. At the same time, Lankester began his collection of living plants that would become so famous years later. He returned to England in 1920 to enroll his five children in English schools. Lankester traveled to Africa from 1920 to 1922, hired by the British Government to do research on coffee plantations in Uganda. When returning to England, he found that Rolfe had died the year before. Many orchids that he had brought to Kew were left without identification. Lankester was back in Costa Rica in 1922, the year that was a turning point in his career as an orchidologist: it brought the first correspondence with Oakes Ames. Over the next fifteen years, Ames would discover more than 100 new species among the specimens he received from Costa Rica. In 1922, Ames began a series of publications on orchids, which he named Schedulae Orchidianae. In its third fascicle, in January 1923, Ames started to describe many of the Lankester orchids, which were deposited at Kew and had been left unidentified. Ames kept asking Lankester to send more and more specimens. After 1930, Lankester and Ames seem to drift slowly apart. Ames was taken in more by administrative work at Harvard, and Lankester traveled abroad more frequently. In 1955, after his wife’s death and already 76 years old, Lankester decided to sell his farm but retained the small part which contained his garden, a piece of land called “El Silvestre”. Lankester moved to a house he had bought in Moravia, one of the suburbs of the capital, San José. On a section of this farm called “El Silvestre”, Lankester began his wonderful collections of orchids and plants of other families, which formed the basis of the Charles H. Lankester Botanical Garden of the University of Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Nematodes associated with Robusta coffee plantations in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
HAGUS TARNO ◽  
EYIK WIDYANSYAFICHA MARSUDI ◽  
TITI WIDJAYANTI ◽  
Yogo Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract. Tarno H, Marsudi EW, Widjayanti T, Setiawan Y. 2021. Short Communication: Nematodes associated with Robusta coffee plantations in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3306-3312. Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an important commodity in Indonesia. Nematodes have different roles, such as plant parasites and non-parasites, and are commonly found in the soil of coffee plantations. This research determined the ecological role, diversity, and abundance of nematodes in three coffee plantations in Malang District, East Java. We used a Whitehead tray to extract and isolate nematodes from the soil and root samples. Nematodes were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Analysis of variance and diversity indices were used to identify the differences among three coffee plantations. We identified eight nematode genera in the Ngantang sub-district site. In the Jatikerto Agrotechnopark and University of Brawijaya Forest sites, six genera were identified. Criconemoides, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema, Helicotylenchus are plant-parasitic nematodes, and Mononchus, Dorylaimus, Rhabditis, and Aphanolaimus are non-plant parasitic nematodes. Non-plant parasitic nematodes were more abundant than plant-parasitic nematodes in all sites. Non-plant parasitic nematode, Dorylaimus was the dominant genus in this study (272 individuals), ca. 35% of the total nematodes collected. In this study, the differences between coffee plantations and soil pH influence nematode abundance. The nematode abundance increases when the soil pH is lower.

Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Florida Cotton Production

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Zane Grabau
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This 8-page fact sheet written by Zane J. Grabau and published in January 2017 by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology explains how to diagnose and manage nematode problems in cotton production.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ng015

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