scholarly journals SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN POLAND AND LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna KŁOCZKO-GAJEWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
European Union ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
The Common

Poland and Lithuania are neighbouring countries that belonged to socialist block and entered European Union in 2004, and where approximantely 1/3 of the population lives in rural areas. The author analysed to what extent social capital, a recognised development factor, is included in Rural Development Programmes (Plans) for these countries between 2004 and 2020. It was revealed that the first plans did not pay too much attention to social issues, as they concentrated mostly on farming and entering the common market. In the Lithuanian plan there was also the LEADER initiative. In the next plans more concern on cooperation appeared. In both of the countries

Part IV Procedures before the Commission, 3 Recovery of Unlawful Aid and the Role of National Courts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreuschitz Viktor ◽  
Nehl Hanns Peter
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Courts ◽  
The Common ◽  
State Aids

This chapter examines the recovery of unlawful and incompatible State aids, which is one of the cornerstones of free and undistorted competition in the European Union. The repayment of an aid declared unlawful and incompatible with the common market is of utmost importance, as it eliminates the distortion of competition caused by the competitive advantage afforded by the contested aid. In other words, by repaying an unlawful aid, the recipient forfeits the advantage it had enjoyed over its competitors on the market and therefore the previously existing situation is restored; it is common ground in this respect that this objective is attained once the aid in question—increased, where appropriate, by default interests—has been repaid by the recipient.

Part V Judicial Review before the Court of Justice of the European Union, 3 Decentralized Judicial Review and Enforcement of EU State Aid Rules

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreuschitz Viktor ◽  
Nehl Hanns Peter
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Common

This chapter assesses the enforcement of EU State aid rules. The Commission is not the only authority involved in the monitoring of State aid. As regards the supervision of Member States' compliance with their obligations under Articles 107 and 108 TFEU, the national courts also have an important role to play. The implementation of that system of control is a matter for both the Commission and the national courts, their respective roles being complementary but separate. Whilst assessment of the compatibility of aid measures with the common market falls within the exclusive competence of the Commission, subject to review by the Courts of the European Union, it is for national courts to ensure the safeguarding, until the final decision of the Commission, of the rights of individuals faced with a possible breach by State authorities of the prohibition laid down by Article 108(3) TFEU.

Reflections of the Funds Distributed Under the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Rural Development (IPARD) Program on Çanakkale

2022 ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
İbrahim Tanju Akyol
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) provides financial assistance to the countries that are the current candidates and the potential candidates for the development of rural areas. These countries are supported by rural development (RD), one of the five components of the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA). Turkey is also a candidate country to benefit from the financial assistance provided by the EU. This research aims to reveal the situation of the projects carried out with IPARD in Çanakkale province within the country. As a matter of fact, Çanakkale takes place at the lower ranks in terms of the number of projects and the number of grants. Despite its potential, the reasons for not achieving the desired results in this province are the lack of qualified consultants, insufficient access to beneficiaries, and problems in licensing of lands. This research, thus, has also put forward various solution suggestions in order to minimize these problems.

The Path to European Union: From the Marshall Plan to the Common Market

1963 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Joel Colton ◽  
Hans A. Schmitt ◽  
Don D. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Rural Development in Romania – A Few Considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Lucian Paul
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
The Government ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Agenda 2000

AbstractThe ‘Agenda 2000’ introduces the Rural Development Policy, as part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), as a complex policy that can ensure a stable income and a reasonable standard of living for the rural population. Rural development is a major CAP objective since over 50% of the population lives in rural areas and accounts for 80% of E.U. Territories. As a concept, the ‘rural area’ is defined both at a national and European level following specific criteria; however, these criteria differ from one country to another. A complete definition can be found in the European Charter of Rural Areas. Between 2014-2020, the development of rural areas in Romania is supported by the National Rural Development Program. It provides non-reimbursable funds from the European Union and funding from the Government of Romania. Convergence with the Europe 2020 Strategy is ensured through the Partnership Agreement with the European Union, which covers a number of challenges and thematic objectives. In order to achieve them, well-founded investment programs are needed. These programs must have a direct impact on increasing the living standards of the population residing within rural areas. Over 19 billion euros were allocated to Romania for the 2014-2020 period; these funds were used for agricultural policy and rural development. The total budget of the NRDP (2014-2020) is 9.4 billion euros, of which 1.3 billion euros comes from national funding. We believe the achievements recorded in rural areas, up to 2020, are modest and do not reflect the proposed objectives. Thus, projects were drawn up at national and local levels seldom support rural development and do not reflect development needs; sadly, these projects are often drawn up without focusing on efficiency.

scholarly journals Local Communities Participation in Rural Development: the Experience of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 (09) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
S. Golovina ◽  
Aleksey Ruchkin ◽  
I. Mikolaychik ◽  
L. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Member States

Abstract. The use of the experience of implementing the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the member states of the European Union (EU) is relevant both for Russia and for other countries of the world interested in the successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy and rural areas. The role of rural areas in achieving national security of countries and regions (food, biological, environmental and other) is increasing significantly due to the current challenges and threats (climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, aggravation of the international situation). The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, is to scrutinise the special approach implemented under the CAP. This approach is referred to in European law as LEADER/CLLD and refers to a close combination of comprehensive cross-sector interaction with active involvement of local communities in rural development. In the work, analytical and review research methods were used, with the help of which (1) the current (relevant to the research topic) legislation, (2) programs implemented in the EU member states, (3) significant scientific publications were subject to scrupulous study. The result of the work is a review and analysis of the findings and practical recommendations for the future use of the various aspects of LEADER/CLLD in domestic political and economic practice. The application of this approach takes into account the fact that the experience of local residents, combined with the opinions of other stakeholders, can help to better adapt rural development policy to real needs and opportunities, and to form a specific (unique) human capital within the boundaries of rural communities. Human capital includes, in addition to specific skills, (1) the ability to take constructive initiatives, (2) a sense of local identity and ownership, (3) the ability to participate as equals with other partners in defining local development strategies, (4) trust between people, private enterprises, public institutions and sectoral communities interested in successful rural development, formed through constant interaction. Theoretical and practical conclusions regarding the content of LEADER/CLLD initiatives, as well as findings related to the possibilities of introducing tools and mechanisms to support rural areas, implemented directly with the involvement of local communities with financial support from the state, are of scientific novelty.

scholarly journals Connected Automated Driving: Civil Liability Regulation in the European Union

Teisė ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Olga Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
European Union Level ◽  
The Common

The aim of this article is to provide with the option of civil liability regulation of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) at the European Union level in the light of introduction of Connected Automated Driving (CAD) on the common market.

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