scholarly journals RISK OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir KALINOWSKI ◽  
Barbara KIEŁBASA
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Median Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

This paper addresses the poverty risk issues in the context of sustainable development of rural areas. Empirical materials included in this paper are based on EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) partial studies, and provide a reference point for comparing the EU income distribution and social integration statistics. Poverty reduction and counteracting social exclusion are among the key Millennium Development Goals. According to studies, one in four inhabitants of EU rural areas is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. While the highest shares of at-risk population are recorded in Bulgaria (54.8%) and Romania (50.8%), the levels reported by Poland and Lithuania are also above the EU average (by 4.5 and 9.2 percentage points, respectively). At the other end of the spectrum, the risk rate in the Netherlands and Czech Republic is 12.8%. For the households, income is a factor underpinning their economic safety and, thus, their confidence. The amount of incomes affects the objective poverty levels measured with a parametric method. In the EU, persons earning no more than 60% of the national median income are assumed to be at risk of poverty. Therefore, the risk of poverty affects nearly every fifth inhabitant of EU rural areas. Poverty and social exclusion are multidimensional aspects which result in unmet needs in multiple areas: healthcare, education, housing, culture and leisure. While triggering some kind of feedback loop, insufficient incomes are both the cause and the effect of deprivation of needs. Also, they provide favorable conditions for an unsustainable development of rural areas.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN RURAL POVERTY AFTER POLAND’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chmielewska ◽  
Józef Stanisław Zegar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to assess changes in the risk of poverty in European Union Member States and the extent of poverty in rural areas and farming households after Poland’s accession to the EU. The above aspect was consid- ered against the background of urban residents and other so- cioeconomic groups of households. The study was based on EU-SILC, Eurostat and CSO data. For a comparative assess- ment across EU countries, the poverty and/or social exclusion risk index was used. For a comparative assessment of rural and urban areas, the following basic poverty thresholds (as es- timated by the Central Statistical Office), were used: extreme poverty (subsistence minimum), relative poverty and statutory poverty. Despite the high level of socioeconomic development in the European Union, the risk of poverty or social exclusion is widespread and varies strongly across countries, regions and social groups. In Poland, rural areas are more affected by poverty than urban areas, mainly because rural households have lower incomes than urban households. The risk of pov- erty in the EU has declined. After the accession to the EU, Poland has experienced a decrease in the extent of poverty. This positive change was the combined result of many factors, mainly including an increase in incomes of the farming and rural population. In Poland, income disparities between rural and urban residents and between farm and landless families have decreased. Reducing poverty and social exclusion is one of the most important goals of the EU social policy.

scholarly journals Support for the Beekeeping Sector in Poland and the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Sławomir Jarka ◽  
Marzena Trajer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Member State ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the work was to present a support mechanism for bee products market implemented after Poland's accession to the European Union, including within the framework of national beekeeping support programs. The elaboration included information contained in legal acts of the European Commission, MRiRW and KOWR. Support for the beekeeping sector in Poland and the EU is related to the policy of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. The amount of funds addressed to individual beneficiaries depends on the size of the sector in a given Member State. Spain, France, Greece, Romania and Italy, and Poland received the highest amounts of support under the EU budget.

TERRITORIAL COHESION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF EU REGIONAL SECURITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (Vol 18, No 4 (2019)) ◽  
pp. 439-453
Author(s):  
Ihor LISHCHYNSKYY
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of territorial cohesion policy in the European Union in order to achieve a secure regional coexistence. In particular, the regulatory and institutional origins of territorial cohesion policy in the EU are considered. The evolution of ontological models of cohesion policy has been outlined. Specifically, the emphasis is placed on the key objective of political geography – effectively combining the need for "territorialization" and the growing importance of networking. The role of urbanization processes in the context of cohesion policy is highlighted. Cross-border dimensions of cohesion policy in the context of interregional cooperation are explored. Particular emphasis is placed on the features of integrated sustainable development strategies.

scholarly journals Exploring cross-border cooperation in Eastern Europe: What kind of initiatives have developed in the Romanian-Hungarian border area?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Elena Grad-Rusu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

Since the beginning, the European Union has believed and promoted the idea that an increase in cross-border cooperation contributes to enhanced European integration. This means that cross-border cooperation supports sustainable development along the EU’s internal and external borders, helps reduce differences in living standards and addresses common challenges across these borders. The aim of this paper is to examine the cross-border initiatives between Romania and Hungary with a special focus on the INTERREG projects, which have provided new sources of funding for cross-border activities and regional development in the RomanianHungarian border area. In this context, the cooperation has intensified in the last two decades, especially since Romania joined the EU in 2007. The research proves that cross-border projects and initiatives represent an important source of funding for this type of intervention, when no similar funding sources are available.

The Impact of Social Transfers on Income Poverty and Material Deprivation

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geranda Notten ◽  
Anne-Catherine Guio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Impact

In 2010, the European Union (EU) committed to lifting at least 20 million people out of poverty and social exclusion, using income poverty, severe material deprivation, and (quasi-)joblessness as metrics to measure progress on this goal. As part of a broader set of commonly agreed indicators, the EU also (crudely) measures the impact of transfers by comparing income poverty rates before and after social transfers. This chapter develops a regression approach to study the effects of transfers on material deprivation by predicting the material deprivation rate before social transfers. We apply the method to pre-recession and post-austerity EU-SILC data for Germany, Greece, Poland, and the United Kingdom. We find that, in addition to reducing income poverty, transfers substantially reduce the extent and depth of material deprivation. Changes in social transfers, therefore, have a twofold effect on Europe’s poverty-reduction target.

Reflections of the Funds Distributed Under the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance for Rural Development (IPARD) Program on Çanakkale

2022 ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
İbrahim Tanju Akyol
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) provides financial assistance to the countries that are the current candidates and the potential candidates for the development of rural areas. These countries are supported by rural development (RD), one of the five components of the instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA). Turkey is also a candidate country to benefit from the financial assistance provided by the EU. This research aims to reveal the situation of the projects carried out with IPARD in Çanakkale province within the country. As a matter of fact, Çanakkale takes place at the lower ranks in terms of the number of projects and the number of grants. Despite its potential, the reasons for not achieving the desired results in this province are the lack of qualified consultants, insufficient access to beneficiaries, and problems in licensing of lands. This research, thus, has also put forward various solution suggestions in order to minimize these problems.

scholarly journals Agricultural Holdings in Hilly-Mountain Areas in Slovenia before and after the Accession to the European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Knific ◽  
Štefan Bojnec
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper presents the questionnaire results of the research on implications of the effects of Slovenia’s accession to the European Union (EU) on structural changes in agricultural holdings (AHs) in the case of Škofjeloška hilly-mountain rural areas. The effects are studied based on the analysis of income diversification of AHs three years before the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2000 and six years after the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2010. Strategies of AHs on the basis of the questionnaire were analysed in early 2011. Income diversification of AHs with non-agricultural employment and off-farm incomes is necessary for survival for the majority of AHs. There are observed differences in structural changes in the AHs between areas with different natural conditions for agricultural production, and particularly in the extent and in the direction of structural changes by socioeconomic types of AHs. Structural changes inhibit non-economic objectives of AHs, while non-agricultural employment has a two-way influence.

scholarly journals Agricultural Entrepreneurship Motivation Policies: European Union Experience and Decision Theory Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Dobryagina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theory Application ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Agricultural Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) policies devoted to entrepreneurship in agricultural motivation represent a wide spectrum of methods and approaches. However, lack of attention to the differences between different types of entrepreneurs might decrease the entrepreneurship motivation policies’ effectiveness. Applying Decision Theory (DT), one of the management sciences, the article determines that non-hereditary entrepreneurs, which include ex novo and early retirement groups, are expected to provide greater contribution to the rural areas development and have different decision-making process in contrast to hereditary entrepreneurs. The article clearly shows a lack of policies focused on non-hereditary entrepreneurs in the EU and a limited effect of policies on ex novo and early retirement groups due to their underestimation of the agricultural sphere’s opportunities and limited knowledge about existing policies. The article suggests further application of DT in agricultural entrepreneur’s motivation and debiasing.

The study of uniformity of development across regions and countries of the European Union

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cheba
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Vector Calculus ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the article is to analyse the uniformity of changes over time concerning sustainable development of the European Union. Such analyses are particularly important as the pursuit of sustainable development of the EU countries is one of its strategic developmental objectives. The informational basis of the study were the sustainable development indicators for the years 2009—2014 published by the Eurostat. Vector calculus was used to examine the uniformity of changes. The results of the analysis confirmed significant differences in, both across regions in Europe and EU member countries.

scholarly journals EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Mrdalj ◽  
Gordana Rokvić ◽  
Petra Nikić Nauth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accession Negotiation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

One of the most challenging issues for the countries that are in the process ofaccession to the European Union is the reform of agriculture, precisely agriculturalpolicy and its compliance with the Common Agricultural Policy of the EuropeanUnion (CAP). The strategic orientation of the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia andHerzegovina is a full EU member status, which is defined with signatory to theStabilization and Accession Agreement in 2008 and confirmed with Applicationfor membership in the European Union, submitted in February 2016. Consideringthe upcoming accession negotiation process, the reformation of agricultural sectoris necessary in all areas of development: production, policy and legal frameworkand institutional development. Until 2015 Republic Srpska made and adopted twokey strategic documents that determine the directions, objectives and measures fordeveloping of agriculture and rural areas. Recently the Republic of Srpska adopteda new strategic plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas for theperiod 2016- 2020. Considering that agriculture budget represents a first indicatorof the countries sector priorities, objective of this paper is to provide analysis ofagricultural policy through the agricultural budget of the Republic of Srpska and itscompliance with Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. Comparative analysis isrelated to the period 2006 – 2014 using EU methodology for the classification ofagricultural measures (pillars and axis). Research results show that the structure ofmeasures and scope of budgetary support, defined within agricultural policy of theRepublic of Srpska is not compatible with Common Agricultural Policy of the EU.

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