scholarly journals ANALISIS PENJUALAN DAN PERSAINGAN AIR MINERAL KEMASAN BOTOL SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA MEDAN MENGGUNAKAN RANTAI MARKOV ORDE DUA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Freddy Giawa ◽  
Riri Syafitri Lubis ◽  
Rina Widyasari
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Second Order Transition

Markov chain is a method used to identify variables in the present, which is based on past variables in order to obtain an estimate of the probability of these variables in the future. The CoVid-19 virus outbreak has also had a negative impact on economic problems, because this pandemic resulted in a decrease in sales of mineral water. in bottles that experienced a decline in sales results during the COVID-19 pandemic. The formulation of the problem of how companies compete during Covid-19 which continues to experience a decline in sales? . Based on the results of this study, there is a large chance of a second order transition, namely AQUA products in September, which is 61%, an increase of 0.39% from October, in October it was 61.39, a decline of 0.02% so that in November it was 61.37% while Le Mineral products in September were 39%, decreased 0.39% from October, October was 38.61%, experienced a fix in November so November was 38.61%.

NMR · NQR and DTA · DSC Studies of Phase Transitions in Pyridinium Tetrachloropalladate(II) and Pyridinium Tetrachloroplatinate(II)

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Asaji ◽  
Keizo Horiuchi ◽  
Takehiko Chiba ◽  
Takashige Shimizu ◽  
Ryuichi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Orientational Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Potential Wells ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Second Order Transition

Abstract From the measurements of DTA • DSC and the temperature dependences of 35Cl NQR frequencies, phase transitions were detected at 150 K, 168 K, and 172 K for (pyH)2 [PtCl4], and at 241 K for (PyH)2 [PdCl4]. In order to elucidate the motional state of the constituent ions in the crystals in connection with the structural phase transitions, the 35Cl NQR and 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation times and the second moment of the 1H NMR line were measured as functions of temperature. For both compounds, the potential wells for the cationic reorientation are suggested to be highly nonequivalent at low temperatures. Above 168 K, the pyridinium ions in (pyH)2[PtCl4] are expected to reorient between almost equivalent potential wells. As for (pyH)2[PdCl4], it is expected that the orientational order of the cation still remains even above the second order transition at 241 K. A change of the potential curve from two-unequal to three-unequal wells is proposed as a possible mechanism of the second order transition. The activation energies for the cationic motion in the respective model potential are derived for both compounds at high and low temperatures.

Refractometric Determination of Second-Order Transition Temperatures in Polymers. IV. Butadiene-Acrylo-Nitrile Copolymers

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wiley ◽  
G. M. Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Refractometric Determination ◽  
Acrylonitrile Copolymers

Abstract A previous study of the low-temperature properties of a series of vulcanized butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers indicated an approximately linear relation between composition and brittle temperature. This study provides information relating low-temperature properties to copolymer composition for a series of industrially available butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers of varying acrylonitrile content. The refractometric technique for determining second-order transition temperatures (Tm) as previously described was used to determine Tm.

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