scholarly journals Immunotherapy toxicities in metastatic vulvar and vaginal melanomas: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e39-e42
Author(s):  
Sheida Naderi-Azad ◽  
◽  
Faisal Sickander ◽  
Rossanna C. Pezo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Significant Difference

This retrospective cohort study examined the factors for patients with metastatic vulvar and vaginal melanomas on immune checkpoint inhibitors. The study included all patients over the age of 18 who received either anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-4 (anti-CTLA-4) therapy or anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy at the Sunnybrook Hospital from June 2012 to December 2018. There were 11 patients with vulvar or vaginal melanoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The main sites of metastasis included the lungs, lymph nodes, soft tissues, and liver. The majority of patients received prior radiation therapy (7/11) and prior surgical therapy (9/11). There were no differences in overall survival for vulvar or vaginal melanomas on anti-PD-1 vs. anti-CTLA-4 therapy (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in overall survival for vulvar and vaginal vs. cutaneous melanoma (p > 0.5). There were no significant differences in overall survival in patients with vulvar and vaginal melanoma in the presence vs. absence of immune-related adverse events (p > 0.05), yet there was a significant difference in patients with cutaneous melanoma in the presence vs. absence of immune-related adverse events (p < 0.05). Knowledge of the presentation and outcome of vulvar and vaginal melanomas is important for clinical practice in gynecology.

scholarly journals A retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence of cancer-related weight loss during chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Fukahori ◽  
Masayuki Shibata ◽  
Satoshi Hamauchi ◽  
Eiji Kasamatsu ◽  
Koji Machii
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
First Line ◽  
Line Chemotherapy

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate cancer-related weight loss (WL) after the start of first-line chemotherapy as a surrogate marker for cancer cachexia in patients with advanced gastric cancer. We investigated the incidence of WL and the relationship between WL and overall survival (OS) or adverse events. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 131 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received first-line systemic chemotherapy between September 1, 2010, and August 31, 2016, at Kurume University Hospital and Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital. WL was defined in this study as weight loss of > 5% or weight loss of > 2% with a body mass index of < 20 kg/m2 within the last 6 months after the start of chemotherapy. Results Median age and median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of the patients participating in this study were 68 years old and 0, respectively. Incidence of WL was 53% at the first 12 weeks after starting first-line chemotherapy, and increased to 88% after 48 weeks. Overall survival rates were significantly associated with WL at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Appetite loss and fatigue were more frequent and more severe in patients with WL. Conclusion WL was especially observed in more than half the patients within 12 weeks after starting chemotherapy. WL appeared to relate to adverse events or reduced survival. These results suggest the importance of monitoring WL or providing nutritional support at the beginning of chemotherapy.

Occurrences and Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Induced Vitiligo in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Drug Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Babai ◽  
Anne-Laure Voisin ◽  
Célia Bertin ◽  
Amandine Gouverneur ◽  
Hervé Le-Louet
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors

scholarly journals Rapid corticosteroid taper versus standard of care for immune checkpoint inhibitor induced nephritis: a single-center retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e002292
Author(s):  
Meghan D Lee ◽  
Harish Seethapathy ◽  
Ian A Strohbehn ◽  
Sophia H Zhao ◽  
Genevieve M Boland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Renal Recovery ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundCurrent guidelines for treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced nephritis are not evidence based and may lead to excess corticosteroid exposure. We aimed to compare a rapid corticosteroid taper to standard of care.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in patients with ICI-induced nephritis comparing a rapid taper beginning with 60 mg/day prednisone and tapered to 10 mg within 3 weeks to a historical control group that began 60 mg/day tapered to 10 mg within 6 weeks (standard of care). Renal recovery was defined as creatinine returning to within 1.5-fold baseline. The log-rank test compared the differences in time to renal recovery between the groups. We report rates of renal recovery at 30, 60 and 90 days, and timing and outcomes of ICI rechallenge.ResultsThirteen patients received rapid corticosteroid taper and 14 patients received standard of care. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The median time to ≤10 mg/day prednisone was 20 days (IQR 15–25) in the rapid-taper group compared with 38 days (IQR 30–58) in the standard-of-care group. There was no significant difference in the time to renal recovery between the groups, though numerically higher numbers of patients recovered by 30 days, 11 (85%) in the rapid-taper arm versus 6 (46%) in the standard of care arm. Exposure to other nephritis-causing medications (proton pump inhibitor or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) during the corticosteroid taper was more common in the standard of care group, 9 (64%) versus rapid-taper group, 2 (15%), and was associated with longer time to renal recovery, 20 days (IQR 14–101) versus 13 days (IQR 7–34) in those that discontinued nephritis-causing medications. Fifteen (56%) of patients were rechallenged with ICIs, and only two (13%) developed recurrent nephritis.ConclusionsPatients with ICI-induced nephritis have excellent kidney outcomes when treated with corticosteroids that are tapered over 3 weeks.

scholarly journals MP26-19 TESTICULAR HISTOPATHOLOGY AFTER IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS - A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. e408
Author(s):  
Taylor P Kohn* ◽  
Jason Scovell ◽  
Iryna Samarska ◽  
Mahir Maruf ◽  
Eleonora Duregon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors

Nonunion Rates in Hind- and Midfoot Arthrodesis in Current, Ex-, and Nonsmokers

2020 ◽  
pp. 107110072097126
Author(s):  
Jack Allport ◽  
Jayasree Ramaskandhan ◽  
Malik S. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Nonunion rates in hind or midfoot arthrodesis have been reported as high as 41%. The most notable and readily modifiable risk factor that has been identified is smoking. In 2018, 14.4% of the UK population were active smokers. We examined the effect of smoking status on union rates for a large cohort of patients undergoing hind- or midfoot arthrodesis. Methods: In total, 381 consecutive primary joint arthrodeses were identified from a single surgeon’s logbook (analysis performed on a per joint basis, with a triple fusion reported as 3 separate joints). Patients were divided based on self-reported smoking status. Primary outcome was clinical union. Delayed union, infection, and the need for ultrasound bone stimulation were secondary outcomes. Results: Smoking prevalence was 14.0%, and 32.2% were ex-smokers. Groups were comparable for sex, diabetes, and body mass index. Smokers were younger and had fewer comorbidities. Nonunion rates were higher in smokers (relative risk, 5.81; 95% CI, 2.54-13.29; P < .001) with no statistically significant difference between ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had higher rates of infection ( P = .05) and bone stimulator use ( P < .001). Among smokers, there was a trend toward slower union with heavier smoking ( P = .004). Conclusion: This large retrospective cohort study confirmed previous evidence that smoking has a considerable negative effect on union in arthrodesis. The 5.81 relative risk in a modifiable risk factor is extremely high. Arthrodesis surgery should be undertaken with extreme caution in smokers. Our study shows that after cessation of smoking, the risk returns to normal, but we were unable to quantify the time frame. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

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