scholarly journals Vertical transmission of Mycoplasma wenyonii in cattle, supported by analysis of the ribonuclease P RNA gene — Short communication

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumina Sasaoka ◽  
Jin Suzuki ◽  
Toh-Ichi Hirata ◽  
Toshihiro Ichijo ◽  
Kazuhisa Furuhama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Ribonuclease P ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mycoplasma Wenyonii ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Ribonuclease P Rna

The vertical transmission of Mycoplasma (M.) wenyonii was investigated in beef cattle raised on a farm in Japan by analysing the ribonuclease P RNA (rnpB) gene sequence using PCR. Peripheral blood samples from 17 dams infected with M. wenyonii and from their neonatal calves were collected and colostrum samples were taken from cows immediately after parturition, and subsequently the blood samples of calves were monitored continuously for three months. At birth on day 0, although no rnpB gene was detected in the colostrum of any of the dams, four (23.5%) of the 17 calves born were positive. At three months after delivery, the number of positive calves decreased to three. Although horizontal transmission by blood-feeding arthropod vectors has been basically accepted as the most common route of haemoplasma infection, these findings suggest that vertical transmission is, at least in part, another most likely route of M. wenyonii infection in cattle.

scholarly journals An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes Albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian E. Garcia-Rejon ◽  
Juan-Carlos Navarro ◽  
Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo ◽  
Carlos M. Baak-Baak
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Cache Valley Virus ◽  
Dengue Disease

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic arbovirus, basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of Ae. albopictus in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current distribution of Ae. albopictus encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. Extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common host. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in Ae. albopictus. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught Ae. albopictus. Overall, the estimated MIR in Ae. albopictus infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR estimated from larvae is 14.04 and in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that Ae. albopictus is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.

scholarly journals An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian E. Garcia-Rejon ◽  
Juan Carlos Navarro ◽  
Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo ◽  
Carlos M. Baak-Baak
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Cache Valley Virus ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Virus West Nile

The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current dis-tribution of Ae. albopictus encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. Extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common host. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in Ae. albopictus. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught Ae. albopictus. Overall, the estimated MIR in Ae. albopictus infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR es-timated from larvae is 14.04 and in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that Ae. albopictus is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.

Rational Design of Self-Cleaving pre-tRNA-Ribonuclease P RNA Conjugates

Biochemistry ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (35) ◽  
pp. 10800-10808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Frank ◽  
Michael E. Harris ◽  
Norman R. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Ribonuclease P ◽  
Ribonuclease P Rna

scholarly journals Short Communication: Molecular characterization and blood hematology profile of dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus oswin primajuni Wuhan ◽  
Aris Haryanto ◽  
Ida Tjahajati
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glta Gene ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract. Wuhan YOP, Haryanto A, Tjahajati I. 2020. Short Communication: Molecular characterization and blood hematology profile of dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3242-3248. Ehrlichia canis is Gram-negative intracellular obligate bacteria that cause ehrlichiosis, a companion vector-borne disease is a potentially fatal disease that attacks dogs. The purpose of this study was to molecular characterize and determine the features of Ehrlichia-infected blood based on the amplification of the gltA gene in Ehrlichia infected dogs from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Blood samples were collected from 51 dog patients from the Prof. Dr. Soeparwi Animal Hospital, animal clinics, and pet shops based on the anamnesis, clinical sign, and physical examination, followed by microscopic examination, routine hematology, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing were carried out on the blood samples. Based on positive PCR amplification and blood hematology profile examination ehrlichiosis-positive in dogs showed that thrombocytopenia case was 82.3%, anemia was 70.5%, eosinopenia was 70.5%, neutropenia was 29.4%, monocytopenia was 23%, leukopenia was 17% and lymphopenia was 11.7%. Morulae of Ehrlichia sp.was not found in microscopic examination. Molecularly, detected of E. canis using the gltA gene showed that 34% of samples were positive results. Then 5 of positive Ehrlichia samples were DNA sequenced, they showed a high homology of 100% with Hat Yai isolates (KU765199.1). There was no genetic diversity between E. canis samples in Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals Simulated folivory increases vertical transmission of fungal endophytes that deter herbivores and alter tolerance to herbivory in Poa autumnalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro E Gundel ◽  
Prudence Sun ◽  
Nikki D Charlton ◽  
Carolyn A Young ◽  
Tom E X Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Hyphal Density ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
Fitness Benefits

Abstract Background and Aims The processes that maintain variation in the prevalence of symbioses within host populations are not well understood. While the fitness benefits of symbiosis have clearly been shown to drive changes in symbiont prevalence, the rate of transmission has been less well studied. Many grasses host symbiotic fungi (Epichloë spp.), which can be transmitted vertically to seeds or horizontally via spores. These symbionts may protect plants against herbivores by producing alkaloids or by increasing tolerance to damage. Therefore, herbivory may be a key ecological factor that alters symbiont prevalence within host populations by affecting either symbiont benefits to host fitness or the symbiont transmission rate. Here, we addressed the following questions: Does symbiont presence modulate plant tolerance to herbivory? Does folivory increase symbiont vertical transmission to seeds or hyphal density in seedlings? Do plants with symbiont horizontal transmission have lower rates of vertical transmission than plants lacking horizontal transmission? Methods We studied the grass Poa autumnalis and its symbiotic fungi in the genus Epichloë. We measured plant fitness (survival, growth, reproduction) and symbiont transmission to seeds following simulated folivory in a 3-year common garden experiment and surveyed natural populations that varied in mode of symbiont transmission. Key Results Poa autumnalis hosted two Epichloë taxa, an undescribed vertically transmitted Epichloë sp. PauTG-1 and E. typhina subsp. poae with both vertical and horizontal transmission. Simulated folivory reduced plant survival, but endophyte presence increased tolerance to damage and boosted fitness. Folivory increased vertical transmission and hyphal density within seedlings, suggesting induced protection for progeny of damaged plants. Across natural populations, the prevalence of vertical transmission did not correlate with symbiont prevalence or differ with mode of transmission. Conclusions Herbivory not only mediated the reproductive fitness benefits of symbiosis, but also promoted symbiosis prevalence by increasing vertical transmission of the fungus to the next generation. Our results reveal a new mechanism by which herbivores could influence the prevalence of microbial symbionts in host populations.

scholarly journals Ribonuclease P RNA gene sequencing as a tool for molecular dereplication of myxobacterial strain collections

2007 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 071029084006001-???
Author(s):  
P. Monciardini ◽  
N. Montanini ◽  
M. Sosio ◽  
S. Donadio
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Ribonuclease P ◽  
Ribonuclease P Rna

scholarly journals Evolution of early male-killing in horizontally transmitted parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1818) ◽  
pp. 20152068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Bernhauerová ◽  
Luděk Berec ◽  
Daniel Maxin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Killer

Early male-killing (MK) bacteria are vertically transmitted reproductive parasites which kill male offspring that inherit them. Whereas their incidence is well documented, characteristics allowing originally non-MK bacteria to gradually evolve MK ability remain unclear. We show that horizontal transmission is a mechanism enabling vertically transmitted bacteria to evolve fully efficient MK under a wide range of host and parasite characteristics, especially when the efficacy of vertical transmission is high. We also show that an almost 100% vertically transmitted and 100% effective male-killer may evolve from a purely horizontally transmitted non-MK ancestor, and that a 100% efficient male-killer can form a stable coexistence only with a non-MK bacterial strain. Our findings are in line with the empirical evidence on current MK bacteria, explain their high efficacy in killing infected male embryos and their variability within and across insect taxa, and suggest that they may have evolved independently in phylogenetically distinct species.

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