scholarly journals A nikkelérzékenység jelentősége az Európai Unió direktíváinak tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (16) ◽  
pp. 629-637
Author(s):  
Nóra Nádudvari ◽  
Dominik Németh ◽  
Györgyi Pónyai ◽  
Miklós Sárdy ◽  
Erzsébet Temesvári
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contact Sensitization ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Contact Allergen ◽  
Allergic Contact

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A nikkel széleskörűen elterjedt fém és kontaktallergén. Megtalálható mindennapi használati tárgyainkban, feldolgozza az ipari termelés, és az egészségügyben is rendre bővül alkalmazási köre. Egyidejűleg a társadalom növekvő hányadánál fordul elő nikkel-kontaktszenzibilizáció. Célkitűzés: Az epicutan tesztelt betegcsoport adatainak feldolgozása, kiemelve a nikkelpozitív betegek megoszlását nem, életkor, diagnózis, a klinikai tünetek lokalizációja és a társult fémérzékenység szerint, továbbá a 2004 óta érvényes európai uniós Nikkel Direktívák hatásainak tanulmányozása. Módszer: A közlemény a Semmelweis Egyetem Bőr-, Nemikórtani és Bőronkológiai Klinikájának Allergológia Laboratórium és Szakambulanciáján 1994-től 2014-ig 13 693 fő (10–87 év közötti) standard környezeti epicutan sorral tesztelt beteg adatait vizsgálja retrospektív módon. Eredmények: Az összes vizsgált bőrbeteg nikkelszenzibilizációs aránya 1994-ben 13,1%, 2004-ben 11,5%, 2014-ben 19,1% volt. A nikkel-kontaktdermatitis főként nőbetegeknél (93,0%) fordul elő. A klinikai tünetek elsősorban a karokra és az arcra lokalizálódnak. Nikkelérzékenyeknél az allergiás kontaktdermatitis diagnózisa 65,8%, atopiás dermatitis 9,7%-nál fordul elő. A nikkelérzékenységhez leggyakrabban társult fémallergének a kobalt és a króm. Az 1994–2004-es periódushoz képest az európai uniós Nikkel Direktívákat követő 10 évben a szenzibilizáció százalékos emelkedése szignifikáns volt, ugyanakkor a nikkelpozitívak évenkénti száma csökkent. 1994-ben a betegek legnagyobb hányada (26,5%) a 20–24 éves korcsoportba tartozott, 2004-ben szintén (20,8%), 2014-ben azonban a 35–39 éves korosztályhoz (15,1%). Következtetések: A nikkelszenzibilizáció korban eltolódást mutat az idősebb korosztály felé, a 35 évesnél fiatalabb betegek száma mérséklődött. A Nikkel Direktívák révén a fiatalabbak későbbi életkorban és kisebb mértékű nikkelexpozíciónak vannak kitéve. A vizsgált betegek nikkelérzékenységének százalékos emelkedése miatt azonban újabb szabályozások bevezetése és a hatályban lévők módosítása szükségszerű. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(16): 629–637. Summary. Introduction: Nickel is a widely used metal and contact allergen. It can be found in our everyday objects and it is becoming more prevalent in healthcare. Simultaneously, nickel contact sensitization occurs more frequently. Objective: Analysis of data of patch tested patients by gender, age, diagnosis, localization of skin lesions, and associated metal sensitivity. Furthermore, to study the effects of the European Nickel Directives in force since 2004. Method: Retrospective analysis of data of 13 693 patients (aged 10–87) tested with a standard series of contact allergens at the Allergy Outpatient Unit and Laboratory of the Department, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University. Result: Nickel sensitization of all examined patients was 13.1% in 1994, 11.5% in 2004, and 19.1% in 2014. Contact dermatitis occurred mainly in females (93.0%). Skin lesions are primarily localized to the arms and face. Diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis occurred in 65.8%, and atopic dermatitis in 9.7% of tested patients. Commonly associated metal sensitivities were cobalt and chromium. In the 10 years following the Nickel Directives, the increase of the ratio of sensitized patients was significant while the number of nickel-positives per year decreased. Both in 1994 and 2004, the largest proportion of patients belonged to the 20–24 age group (26.5% and 20.8%, respectively), but in 2014, to the 35–39 age group (15.1%). Conclusion: Nickel sensitization shifts towards the older age group, with a decrease in young patients. Because of the Nickel Directives, people are exposed to nickel at a later age and to a lesser extent. Due to the increase of the ratio of nickel-sensitive patients, it is necessary to introduce new regulations and amend the existing ones. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(16): 629–637.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hogan ◽  
William L. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
American Children ◽  
Allergic Contact

Definition Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory reaction of the skin that follows percutaneous absorption of antigen from the skin surface and recruitment of previously sensitized, antigen-specific T lymphocytes into the skin. Epidemiology In the pediatric age group, ACD can involve either sex and manifest as early as the first week of life. A recent review of several European and US studies found that ACD may account for up to 20% of cases of dermatitis in the 0- to 14-year-old age group. Although the incidence and prevalence of the disease in the general pediatric population is unknown, epicutaneous patch testing of randomly selected and otherwise healthy children revealed that 13% to 20% were allergic to one or more common antigens, suggesting that at least 20% of children in the general population theoretically are at risk of developing ACD. When one considers poison ivy or poison oak as contact allergens prevalent in certain areas of North America, the likelihood of allergic contact dermatitis may be much higher. Pediatricians should recognize that children are sensitized to contact allergens early in life, with most children being sensitized by age 5 years. The allergens most commonly responsible for allergic contact dermatitis in North American children are listed in Table 1.

scholarly journals Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Contact Sensitization with respect to the Occupational Profiles in a Greek Patient Cohort: A Retrospective Analysis of a Greek Referral Centre and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anna Tagka ◽  
George I. Lambrou ◽  
George K. Matsopoulos ◽  
Despoina Fytili ◽  
Daphne Mirkopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nickel Sulphate ◽  
Contact Sensitization ◽  
Occupational Profile ◽  
Occupational Patterns ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Office Employees

Contact dermatitis is a frequent skin disorder related to environmental and occupational etiological factors, which could potentially affect all age groups, as well as both genders. The current study is aimed at exploring the patterns of contact sensitization with respect to the population’s occupational patterns in Greece. A retrospective analysis was performed in a cohort of 1978 patients from 2014 to 2016. Patients were divided into two categories; blue collars (BlC) and white collars (WhC), as well as detailed occupation was considered. Separation was performed on the basis of their profession, i.e., labor workers and handicraftsmen were sorted to the BlC group, while office employees were sorted to the WhC group. The common allergen in all occupational subgroups was nickel sulphate. The three most prevalent allergens in both BlC and WhC were nickel sulphate 5%, fragrance mix (I) 8%, and Balsam of Peru 25%. WhC males were uniquely sensitized to colophony 20% and formaldehyde 2%, and WhC females were uniquely sensitized to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and neomycin sulphate 20%. Sensitization to allergens manifested occupation-specific patterns. Allergic contact dermatitis surveillance is of great importance towards the clinical and systematic understanding of the disease, especially with respect to the patient’s occupational profile.

scholarly journals Contact-Allergic Reactions to Cosmetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Contact Urticaria ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Allergic Contact

Contact-allergic reactions to cosmetics may be delayed-type reactions such as allergic and photo-allergic contact dermatitis, and more exceptionally also immediate-type reactions, that is, contact urticaria. Fragrances and preservative agents are the most important contact allergens, but reactions also occur to category-specific products such as hair dyes and other hair-care products, nail cosmetics, sunscreens, as well as to antioxidants, vehicles, emulsifiers, and, in fact, any possible cosmetic ingredient. Patch and prick testing to detect the respective culprits remains the golden standard for diagnosis, although additional tests might be useful as well. Once the specific allergens are identified, the patients should be informed of which products can be safely used in the future.

scholarly journals Current knowledge on biomarkers for contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjors A. Koppes ◽  
Kristiane A. Engebretsen ◽  
Tove Agner ◽  
Irena Angelova-Fischer ◽  
Teresa Berents ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Contact Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Contact

scholarly journals Patch Testing in Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Cosmetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Rekha Paulose
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Standard Series ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Common Allergen ◽  
Cosmetic Product ◽  
Allergic Contact

Background. Increasing use of cosmetics has contributed to a rise in the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics. It is estimated that 1–5.4% of the population is sensitized to a cosmetic ingredient. Patch testing helps to confirm the presence of an allergy and to identify the actual allergens which are chemical mixtures of various ingredients.Objectives. The aims of this study are to perform patch testing in suspected ACD to cosmetics and to identify the most common allergen and cosmetic product causing dermatitis.Methods. Fifty patients with suspected ACD to cosmetics were patch-tested with 38 antigens of the Indian Cosmetic Series and 12 antigens of the Indian Standard Series.Results. The majority (58%) of patients belonged to the 21–40 years age group. The presence of ACD to cosmetics was confirmed in 38 (76%) patients. Face creams (20%), hair dyes (14%), and soaps (12%) were the most commonly implicated. The most common allergens identified were gallate mix (40%), cetrimide (28%), and thiomersal (20%). Out of a total of 2531 patches applied, positive reactions were obtained in 3.75%.Conclusion. Incidence of ACD to cosmetics was greater in females. Face creams and hair dyes were the most common cosmetic products implicated. The principal allergens were gallate mix, cetrimide, and thiomersal.

Henna tattoo contact dermatitis — a report of four cases and brief review of the selected literature

Open Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Sonja Prcic ◽  
Aleksandra Matic ◽  
Milan Matic ◽  
Aleksandra Petrovic ◽  
Verica Djuran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Contact Allergy ◽  
Nickel Sulphate ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Contact Sensitization ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Related Compounds

AbstractTemporary henna tattoos have recently become increasingly popular, especially among teenagers. Combining henna with other colouring agents such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD) may increase its potential for contact sensitization, cross-reaction to related compounds, as well as life-long allergy. Several cases of contact dermatitis from temporary tattoos with black henna have been reported in the literature. We present our experiences with 4 pediatric cases of allergic contact dermatitis induced by henna tattooing and give a brief review of the literature. The agent responsible for contact allergy was proven to be PPD in 3 patients, and in one patch testing revealed positive reactions to PPD and benzocaine, as well as to wool alcohols, nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate, to previously used hair dye—all being of clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Perianal Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Benzocaine – a Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Malena Gergovska ◽  
Kristina Semkova ◽  
Jana Kazandjieva ◽  
Nikolay Tsankov
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methylprednisolone Aceponate ◽  
Poison Ivy ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Allergic Contact

Abstract A large number of contact allergic reactions to benzocaine have been reported since its introduction to the pharmaceutical market as an active ingredient in different over-the-counter anesthetic ointments. Benzocaine is used as a key ingredient in many pharmaceuticals, such as products for oral ulcers, wound and burn preparations, sunburn remedies, hemorrhoidal preparations, oral and gingival products, sore throat sprays/lozenges, callous and wart remedies, creams for treatment of poison ivy dermatitis, tooth ache and denture irritation products. We present a 56-year-old Caucasian male with chronic rash, accompanied by intense itching in the perianal area. The lesions occurred two months earlier and the patient was treated with a wide range of topical antifungals, antibiotics and corticosteroids, with temporary improvement. The skin lesions were consistent with chronic allergic contact dermatitis. The patient denied using any topical preparations other than those prescribed by his dermatologist. Patch testing with the European baseline series was performed. A strongly positive reaction to benzocaine was identified on reading days 2 and 3. Targeted history showed intermittent use of benzocaine anti-hemorrhoidal cream to treat concomitant hemorrhoids. Benzocaine was discontinued and treatment with methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% was initiated, resulting in significant improvement. No relapse was observed at 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, patients with confirmed benzocaine allergy should pay special attention to product labels and avoid products that contain benzocaine and its related substances. All products labelled as “anaesthetic” or “caine” should be suspected of containing benzocaine or related compounds. Patient education and awareness are critical to avoid further episodes and relapses.

scholarly journals The Contact Allergen Replacement Database and Treatment of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kist ◽  
Rokea A. el-Azhary ◽  
Joseph G. Hentz ◽  
James A. Yiannias
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Contact Allergen ◽  
Allergic Contact
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