Soil changes after forty years of succession in an abandoned coppice in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hédl ◽  
K. Rejšek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Pedogenetic Processes

Soil processes over forty years of woodland succession were studied in the abandoned coppices of the Děvín Nature Reserve, in the south-east of the Czech Republic. A total of 113 horizon samples from 34 profiles were taken in the 1960s and 2000s, following identical field and laboratory approaches, to characterize soil texture, contents of carbonates and organic matter, and soil reaction (pH/H 2 O, pH/KCl). Changes in the soil properties were discussed in relation to the gradual development of the mature woodland that replaced the former intensively managed ancient coppice. Four soil types (Luvisols, Regosols, Leptosols and Chernozems) and their horizons were statistically treated to identify distributions/shifts in the measured values from the past to the present. The following results were obtained: (1) The horizontal transport and sedimentation of sandy calcareous particles into the Leptosols topsoil led to increased acidity. (2) In Luvisols, the same was detected for fine clayey particles. This can be explained by the topographical occurrence of the two types — on the upper parts of slopes and under limestone cliffs for the former, and in the flat foothills for the latter soil type. (3) No acidification appeared except for Luvisols, whose luvic horizons E and Bt are, in contrast to the others, poor in calcium carbonate and relatively acidic. A decrease in acidity was recorded in KCl solution, but not in H 2 O. This is interpreted as the consequence of the buffering ability of the soil sorption complex. (4) Slightly improved humification was only detected in the surface horizons of Luvisols and Leptosols. (5) Contrary to expectations no illimerization, i.e. the migration of clay particles from topsoil to subsoil, was revealed.As forty years is apparently too short a time for significant vertical clay migration, it was concluded that i) horizontal migration and the accumulation of substrate particles was of at least the same importance as in situ pedogenetic processes, and ii) soil property dynamics that could be linked with the changed woodland management were proved to act relatively slowly.

scholarly journals Population trends and diversification of breeding habitats of Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Czech Republic since 1990

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Václav Beran ◽  
Josef Vrána ◽  
David Horal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Peregrine Falcon ◽  
German Population ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Population Restoration

Abstract The population of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Czech Republic recovered from a nearly total extinction during the 1960s and 1980s (0­3 breeding pairs) and the first successful breeding after this interval was confirmed in 1995. The increase of the population size accelerated after 2000 and it is still growing despite the limited amount of suitable natural breeding opportunities. There were 89 known pairs in 2016, 70 of them were proven to breed with altogether at least 121 reared young. Several breeding attempts on historical buildings in city­centres were recorded up to 2002 (in Prague and Pilsen), but this breeding habitat was abandoned later. More and more pairs are nowadays breeding on industrial buildings. The first breeding on a power plant chimney, 300m above the ground was discovered in 2010. Moreover, 16 breeding pairs were found on industrial buildings in 2016 (mainly tall chimneys or cooling towers and power­plant buildings), all of them breeding in nest boxes. The colonization of industrial buildings started in western part of the Czech Republic and continues eastwards every year. Currently, the easternmost colonized building is in Mladá Boleslav. We have no recent tree­breeding pairs and all eight published historical cases are at least doubtful. Most of the observed Peregrines ringed abroad came from Germany, indicating a strong influence of German population on restoration of the population in the Czech Republic. Within these recoveries, some of Peregrines were released in the tree­breeding population restoration project in Germany and Poland, but all these birds bred on rocks.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Melanoma in the Czech Republic in East Bohemia in the Period 2002–2017 and the Effect of the Annual Sunshine Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Jarmila Čelakovská ◽  
Josef Bukač ◽  
Lenka Čáková ◽  
Marie Šimková ◽  
Eva Jandová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Site ◽  
Lentigo Maligna ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Melanoma In Situ ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Superficial Type ◽  
New Diagnosis

Aim: The evaluation of the trend in the occurrence of melanoma nodulare, melanoma superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ in the period of 2002–2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. We examine if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine could affect the number of patients with melanoma. Method: In the peridod of 2002–2017, altogether 2230 patients with new diagnosis of melanoma were examined. We studied 1) If there is some trend in the occurrence of lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ, melanoma superficiale, and melanoma nodulare and if there is a difference in the age of patients with this diagnosis (adjusted calculation of specific kind of melanomas and adjusted calculation of age). 2) If the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the trend in the occurrence of melanoma and if the annual numbers of hours of sunshine affect the body site of melanoma. Results and conclusion: Our study confirmed that the number of patients with lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ had increased in East Bohemia region in the period of 2002–2017. The number of melanomas of nodular and superficial type does not increase. The total number of melanomas in this period does not increase either. No difference of the age of patients with melanoma nodulare, superficiale, lentigo maligna and melanoma in situ was confirmed. We confirmed no relation of the annual numbers of hours of sunshine to the number of melanoma and to the body site of melanoma.

scholarly journals Preliminary Revision of the Palynological Collection of Professor Blanka Pacltová – A Significant Collection of Cenomanian Microflora Housed at the National Museum, Prague

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Eduardo Barrón ◽  
Jiří Kvaček ◽  
Jiřina Dašková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Museum ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Bohemian Cretaceous Basin ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Angiosperm Pollen ◽  
Long Term Preservation

A preliminary revision of the palynological collection of Professor Blanka Pacltová was carried out considering samples from the middle Cenomanian of the Peruc-Korycany Formation, the basal most member of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (the Czech Republic). This collection is mainly composed of slides with palynological residues for light microscope study, which were mounted in the 1960s and 1970s. This work presents an evaluation of the state of preservation of this collection, taking into account the presence of ancient angiosperm pollen types. High percentage of preparations is affected by degradation of glycerine jelly and their remounting is necessary. The present study additionally suggests a methodology for curation of this collection with the objective of long-term preservation.

scholarly journals Tradition of geodetic instruments production in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Pavel Hánek ◽  
Pavel Hánek Sr.
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fine Mechanics ◽  
Geodetic Surveying

Abstract. The article describes the development of geodetic surveying and production of geodetic instruments in what is now Czech Republic. The beginnings of development can be found in the 12th–13th centuries during the colonization of the territory and the consolidation of state administration. Significant development peaks occurred in the 14th century during the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia Charles IV and then at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries during the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. The new direction is related to the development of industry at the end of the 19th century. At that time, several dozen companies in fine mechanics and optics were operating in Prague. The company J. & J. Frič was a world leader in the use of a glass divided circle in 1864. The production of astronomical and geodetic instruments in Czechoslovakia was successful until the end of the 1960s.

scholarly journals Mongolian Studies in the Czech Republic: Personalities, Centers, Current State

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Yuri Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Oriental Studies

Nowadays, improving international relations and strengthening international ties are leading trends in the development of world economy. In the epoch of globalization, both western and eastern countries are trying to promote close mutually profitable partnership relations between countries, because it can serve as a trigger for their further gradual development. As it can be observed in the practice, in the 21st century, the dialogue between the developed European countries and the actively developing East is becoming especially successful and efficient for both parties. One of the unique examples of the interest of the West towards the East is the development of Oriental and Mongolian studies in the Czech Republic. Its climax can be observed in the 20th century. The author of the article proves that contemporary Mongolian studies in the Czech Republic play a significant role in European Oriental studies. Analysis of the scientific contribution of the leading Czech specialists in Mongolian studies: P. Poucha, Lumir Iisl, Ya. Vacek, I. Shima, I. Grollova is conducted. A brief description of the current state of Mongolian studies in Charles University in Prague, the Czech Republic is given. The author draws a conclusion about the presence of scientific interest towards Mongolian linguistics and culture in Europe, which contributes to strengthening cultural identity of Mongolia. On the basis of continuity of research and the presence of an original scientific school of Mongolian studies in the Czech Republic, the author makes an assumption about the possibility of extending research of the issues of economy and economic geography of Mongolia, which will, undoubtedly, contribute to strengthening the relations between the countries.

scholarly journals Possibilities and reality of on-farm conservation

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S60-S64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Holubec ◽  
T. Vymyslický ◽  
F. Paprštein
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
On Farm

Conservation of crops is based on <I>ex situ </I>collection into gene banks. Additionally, crop’s wild relatives can be conserved <I>in situ</I>, and landraces and obsolete cultivars also can be conserved using the on-farm method. The definition and methodology of on-farm conservation is discussed. On-farm conservation has been set up in the Czech Republic as model examples in several institutions dealing with nature protection, education, cultural conservation, as well as by some private farmers. Problems, plus positive and negative experiences are presented. On-farm conservation in open-air-museums in the natur (skansens) as well as in the national parks, seem to be suitable ways forward for the Czech Republic.

Experimental pressure and sealing plug as part of the European DOPAS project – deep geological repository plug demonstration

Clay Minerals ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-601
Author(s):  
Irena Hanusová ◽  
Jiří Svoboda ◽  
Petr Večerník
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
International Project ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Deep Geological Repository ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
Experimental Pressure

AbstractThe objective of the DOPAS international project is to design a sealing-plug system for deep geological repository (DGR) use, to provide detailed plans for the design of such plugs, to test the characteristics of the materials to be used and the construction technology and to install four experimental in situ plugs. The Czech experimental pressure and sealing-plug (EPSP) experiment is being conducted in a rock environment consisting of granitoids at the Josef Regional Underground Research Centre. The concept of the experiment is based primarily on the use of materials and technology available in the Czech Republic and the principal aim is to demonstrate the technical viability and functioning of a pressure-resistant plug located in a future DGR. The completion of the EPSP experiment will contribute towards both the demonstration of how sealing-plug systems behave under real underground conditions and the long-term safety of a future DGR in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis in human population in four Central European countries during 1990–1999

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pavlik ◽  
W. Yayo Ayele ◽  
M. Havelkova ◽  
M. Svejnochova ◽  
V. Katalinic-Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Central European ◽  
The 1960S

A survey on Mycobacterium bovis and M.&nbsp;tuberculosis in humans has been performed in four Central European countries (Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Slovenia) during the years 1990 to 1999. These countries cover an area of 204 688 km<sup>2</sup> with 22 135 million population. During the period, new cases of tuberculosis were bacteriologically diagnosed in 47 516 patients. M.&nbsp;tuberculosis was detected in 47 461 (99.88%) cases, whereas M.&nbsp;bovis was found only in 55 (0.12%) patients. The rate of infection due to M.&nbsp;bovis in humans did not exceed 0.29% in the study countries. The annual incidence of bacteriological confirmed M.&nbsp;bovis cases did not exceed 0.1 per 100&nbsp;000 inhabitants. In the Czech Republic out of 44 tuberculosis patients due to M.&nbsp;bovis, 32 (72.7%) were older than 61&nbsp;years and originated from rural areas, where they lived during childhood and worked in agricultural occupations. These patients may have suffered a reactivation of persistent (long-standing) M.&nbsp;bovis infection as they got older. Bovine tuberculosis in cattle was eliminated from these countries during the second half of the 1960s (Croatia in 1966, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic &ndash; former Czechoslovakia in 1968, Slovenia in 1973) and the incidence of outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis in cattle were very low, thus the disease in humans was unexpected.

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