Enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and primary photochemical reactions in response to foliar application of thiols in water-stressed pearl millet

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D’souza ◽  
N. Nathawat ◽  
J. Nair ◽  
P. Radha Krishna ◽  
N. Ramaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Ps Ii

Primary photochemical reactions and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes chloroplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined in water-stressed pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L. cv. HHB-67) plants sprayed with the thiol compounds dithiothreitol (DTT), thioglycolic acid (TGA) and thiourea (TU) and the thiol modifiers 5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) at the earhead emergence stage (47 days after sowing, DAS), together with a control. Sampling was done at 54 and 67 days after sowing. Photosystem I and II (PS I and II) activities (ferricyanide site) were found to increase in plants sprayed with TU, TGA and DTT at both stages (54 and 67 DAS), but a reduction in PS II activity (DCQ Site) compared with the control was caused by NEM (66.66%) and DTNB (27.77%) at 54 DAS. A similar decrease in the activity of PS II (ferricyanide site) was found at 67 DAS for DTNB (55.55%). The chloroplastic SOD activity increased in chloroplasts isolated from leaves sprayed with thiol compounds at both sampling stages, except for NEM at 54 and 67 DAS. The activities of GR and GST in the leaves were higher in thiol-treated plants than in the control at 54 and 67 DAS, while the lowest GR activity was seen for the sulphydryl modifiers (DTNB and NEM) in leaves at 54 DAS. The experimental data suggest an enhancement in the primary photochemistry and antioxidant enzyme activities of water-stressed pearl millet in response to foliar spraying with thiol compounds.

Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Jatropha curcas Cotyledons under Lead Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Gao ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Fu-li Zhang ◽  
Sheng-hua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Pal Activity

Jatropha curcas embryos were grown in vitro to observe the effects of lead on cotyledon responses. The cotyledon biomass increased initially and then decreased with increasing lead concentration. The SOD activity increased gradually up to 200 μM and then decreased. The POD activity showed a similar trend. The CAT activity was increased at all lead concentrations, the highest activity being observed at 200 μM. However, the PAL activity was inhibited significantly except for 100 μM. Anaylsis by electrophoresis suggested a significant correlation between lead concentration and patterns of SOD, POD and CAT isoenzymes, and these results were consistent with changes of the antioxidant enzyme activities as assayed in solution.

scholarly journals Effect of silicon chelates from plant raw materials on some physiological parameters in strawberry under in vitro conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
E Ambros ◽  
E Trofimova ◽  
T Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

For the first time, the effect mechanocomposite based on biogenic silica and green tea flavonoids (MC) on reduction of oxidative stress in microshoots of strawberry plantlets (cv. “Solnechnaya polyanka”) during in vitro multiplication, shoot elongation and rooting stages were established. Compared with the plantlets cultured in MC-free media, the ones cultured in media supplemented with MC showed increased key antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase – SOD, peroxidase – POD, catalase – CAT). SOD activity increased from 1.1 to 1.4 times at 2.5 and 5.0 mg L-1 MC, POD activity – from 1.8 to 3.8 times at 5.0 and 10.0 mg L-1 MC, and CAT activity – from 1.1 to 1.4 times at 5.0 mg L-1 MC depending on the stage of micropropagation. The high antioxidant enzyme activities correlated with the decrease of H2O2 content (up to 1.7 times compared with the control). The revealed changes in the physiological status of strawberry plantlets in the presence of MC contribute to the further successful acclimatization of regenerants to ex vitro conditions. Thus, these results have demonstrated the potential of “green chemistry” for the production of healthy plant material of strawberry cultivars.

scholarly journals Foliar application of potassium on antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato plants under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Akram Farzane ◽  
Hossein Nemati ◽  
Mahmoud Shoor ◽  
Hossein Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Moderate Condition ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Water stress negatively affects productivity in crops, while the foliar application of potassium-containing compounds may be helpful in reducing the drought effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar applied potassium chloride (control - distilled water spray -, 3 and 6 mM-1) on tomato plants under drought stress. Three irrigation levels were maintained at 100, 75 and 50% according to evapotranspiration designated as well watered, moderate and severe drought stressed. Increasing drought stress significantly reduced plant growth and yield. The foliar applied KCl produced maximum leaf area, stem diameter and length, plant yield under each drought stress conditions compared to control. The minimum of growth factors were obtained by control under severe stress. Highest yield per plant was also recorded for foliar applied KCl under moderate condition than other treatments. Foliar applied KCl alone decreased the SOD, CAT and PPO in well-watered condition but KCl application on tomato plants under drought stress induced the antioxidant enzyme activities more than control well-watered treatment.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Profiles of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Cultivars at Different Developmental Stages

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Li-Na Deng ◽  
Gong-Neng Feng ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Yu-Xiang Shen ◽  
Hong-Shan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Barley grass possesses high nutritional value and antioxidant properties. In this study, the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in six cultivars of barley grass were explored at three developmental stages: tillering, jointing, and booting stages. Total chlorophyll (Chl t) and carotenoid (Car) content, chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b) ratio, total nitrogen nutrition (TNN), and total soluble protein (TSP) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were assayed. The results indicated that the cultivar × development interaction was significant and that developmental stage was the main factor affecting the parameters studied. Cultivars had a negligible effect on these parameters, which varied with the developmental stages. In the tillering stage, Chl t and Car content, TNN, and POD activity achieved their highest value; in the jointing stage, SOD activity peaked; in the booting stage, Chl a/b ratio, TSP content, and PPO activity showed their highest values. TNN showed a negative correlation with TSP. Compared with those in the jointing, Chl t, Car, TSP, TNN content, Chl a/b ratio, and POD and PPO activities increased in the booting and the tillering stages, whereas SOD activity decreased. The differences in phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in barley grass were mainly correlated with the developmental stages. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of developmental stages of barley grass on its phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities. Our results will help understand the mechanism of action of barley grass and provide theoretical support for the therapeutic application of barley grass.

Species variation in lung antioxidant enzyme activities

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Bryan ◽  
S. G. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Cumene Hydroperoxide ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity

Exposure of several different animal models to O2-induced lung injury has revealed marked differences in sensitivity of various species to O2 damage. These differences may be due in part to variation of cellular antioxidant defenses. To characterize lung antioxidant enzyme activities in different species, we measured lung activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GSH S-trans) in rat, hamster, baboon, and human lung. Soluble lung fractions were also fractionated on Sephadex G-150-S columns and GSH-Px activity was measured using both cumene hydroperoxide and H2O2. This was done to evaluate non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity in these lung samples. Human lung was obtained at surgery from patients undergoing lobectomy or pneumonectomy for localized lung tumors. SOD activity was similar for all four groups. GSH-Px activity was higher in rat lung than baboon or hamster lung. Lung CAT activity was variable with the highest activity present in the baboon which revealed a lung CAT activity 10 times higher than activity present in the rat. Lung GSH S-trans activities were higher in hamster, baboon, and human lung than in rat lung. Non-Se-dependent GSH-Px was present in rat lung but absent in hamster, baboon, and human lung. We conclude that the hamster was the best model of the animals studied for mimicking human lung antioxidant enzyme activities. Rat lung antioxidant enzyme activities were markedly different from any of the other species examined.

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