Foliar application of silicon nanoparticles affected the growth, vitamin C, flavonoid, and antioxidant enzyme activities of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants grown in lead (Pb)-spiked soil

Antioxidants are specialized macro-molecules that neutralize harmful substances; free radicals. These radicals supposedly harm tissues, destroy food items, and damage materials. In living organisms, antioxidants can take the form of enzymes, and may be regularly added to oils, metals, foodstuffs, as well as numerous other materials to mitigate the damaging effect of free radical. Current study was designed to investigate the biochemical changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, following administration of Silybum marianum (an ancient medicinal plant of the Carduus marianum family) on Alloxan-Induced, diabetic rats. One hundred and twenty-five (125) rats were procured, made to acclimatize for two weeks, and then randomly grouped into five (5) groups of (n=25). Group 1: Non-Diabetic (Control) rats, Group 2 diabetic untreated rats, while groups 3, 4 and 5 comprised of vitamin-C treated rats (diabetic), Silymarin (extract), and Vitamin C + Silymarin (extract) combined treatment respectively. After four weeks of treatment with test extract, animals were then sacrificed, and blood samples collected and assayed for biochemical [anti-oxidant] enzyme activity. Upon statistical analysis, one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) activities to have significantly decreased for extract + vitamin C treated group (Group V) when compared with control (Group I). It was also noted that the use of the combined antioxidants vitamin C and silymarin resulted in a significant reduction in ROS production with decreased SOD and CAT enzyme activities. It is therefore likely that, improvements in antioxidant enzyme activities are a function of extract and/or Vitamin C administration to animals. Thus, Silymarin has antioxidant and regenerative potentials to damaged tissues.

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Effects of Propolis on Selected Blood Indicators and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Broilers under Heat Stress

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200978010075 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 75-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Pınar Tatlı Seven ◽

Seval Yılmaz ◽

Ismail Seven ◽

Ibrahim H. Cercı ◽

Mehmet A. Azman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diet Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Group I

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) and vitamin C on biochemical indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities of broilers exposed to heat stress (at 34 °C). The experimental groups were as follows: group I (positive control) and group II (control) were fed a basal diet, group III (vitamin C) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg vitamin C as ascorbic acid/kg, group IV (EEP-0.5) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g EEP/kg, group V (EEP-1) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g EEP/kg, group VI (EEP-3) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g EEP/kg. Plasma superoxide dismutase levels of positive control, control, vitamin C, EEP-0.5, EEP-1 and EEP-3 groups were found as 0.34, 1.23, 0.50, 0.90, 0.30 and 0.41 μkat/ml, respectively (p < 0.01). Aspartate transaminase (except for EEP-0.5 and EEP-1 groups) and alkaline phosphatase in the control group were significantly higher than those of positive control, vitamin-C and EEP-3 groups. Malondialdehyde level in plasma, liver and muscle tissues of control group were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of positive control and EEP-3 groups. Catalase activities of blood, liver, kidney and heart were the highest in the control group. Reduced glutathione activities of plasma and liver of all groups were not significantly different from each other, whereas those of muscle, kidney and heart were significantly higher in the control group. Significantly lower levels of glutathione peroxidase were found in blood, liver and kidney tissues of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas those of muscle and heart were similar in all groups. The results of the present study suggest that EEP and specially EEP at the supplemented dose of 3 mg/kg diet might be considered to prevent oxidative stress in the broilers exposed to heat stress.

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Foliar application of potassium on antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato plants under drought stress

Advances in Horticultural Science ◽

10.36253/ahsc-8468 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Akram Farzane ◽

Hossein Nemati ◽

Mahmoud Shoor ◽

Hossein Ansari

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Moderate Condition ◽

Irrigation Levels

Water stress negatively affects productivity in crops, while the foliar application of potassium-containing compounds may be helpful in reducing the drought effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar applied potassium chloride (control - distilled water spray -, 3 and 6 mM-1) on tomato plants under drought stress. Three irrigation levels were maintained at 100, 75 and 50% according to evapotranspiration designated as well watered, moderate and severe drought stressed. Increasing drought stress significantly reduced plant growth and yield. The foliar applied KCl produced maximum leaf area, stem diameter and length, plant yield under each drought stress conditions compared to control. The minimum of growth factors were obtained by control under severe stress. Highest yield per plant was also recorded for foliar applied KCl under moderate condition than other treatments. Foliar applied KCl alone decreased the SOD, CAT and PPO in well-watered condition but KCl application on tomato plants under drought stress induced the antioxidant enzyme activities more than control well-watered treatment.

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Enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and primary photochemical reactions in response to foliar application of thiols in water-stressed pearl millet

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.57.2009.1.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. D’souza ◽

N. Nathawat ◽

J. Nair ◽

P. Radha Krishna ◽

N. Ramaswamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Photochemical Reactions ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Thiol Compounds ◽

Ps Ii

Primary photochemical reactions and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes chloroplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined in water-stressed pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L. cv. HHB-67) plants sprayed with the thiol compounds dithiothreitol (DTT), thioglycolic acid (TGA) and thiourea (TU) and the thiol modifiers 5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) at the earhead emergence stage (47 days after sowing, DAS), together with a control. Sampling was done at 54 and 67 days after sowing. Photosystem I and II (PS I and II) activities (ferricyanide site) were found to increase in plants sprayed with TU, TGA and DTT at both stages (54 and 67 DAS), but a reduction in PS II activity (DCQ Site) compared with the control was caused by NEM (66.66%) and DTNB (27.77%) at 54 DAS. A similar decrease in the activity of PS II (ferricyanide site) was found at 67 DAS for DTNB (55.55%). The chloroplastic SOD activity increased in chloroplasts isolated from leaves sprayed with thiol compounds at both sampling stages, except for NEM at 54 and 67 DAS. The activities of GR and GST in the leaves were higher in thiol-treated plants than in the control at 54 and 67 DAS, while the lowest GR activity was seen for the sulphydryl modifiers (DTNB and NEM) in leaves at 54 DAS. The experimental data suggest an enhancement in the primary photochemistry and antioxidant enzyme activities of water-stressed pearl millet in response to foliar spraying with thiol compounds.

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