Tracking of the hormonally induced maturation of female eels by computed tomography

Female European eels were kept in artificial seawater for a trial period of 14 weeks. Three fish were injected intra-abdominally with carp pituitary suspension (twice a week) and human chorionic gonadotropin (every 2nd week), with the aim to induce artificial maturation. Three further fish were not treated (control). Fish were not fed during the trial. The treated fish were scanned by computed tomography (CT) every second week (the controls only at the start and at the end of the trial) to follow changes in body composition. Notable decreases were shown in total body pixel number (body volume), total body fat content, total fillet volume and fillet fat content during the experiment. Changes were more pronounced in the treated group than in the control. The abdominal volume strongly increased in the responding fish throughout the trial. The ovary volume increased measurably, while its fat content increased only until the 8th week, after which a decrease was measured. Tissue volumetric estimations of the ovary were also supported by histological results. A so-called volumetric gonadosomatic index (gonad volume/total body volume × 100) was developed for the quantitative characterisation of eel maturation.

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Total body fat content and fat topography are associated differently with in vivo glucose metabolism in nonobese and obese nondiabetic women

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.41.9.1151 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 1151-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

E. Bonora ◽

S. Del Prato ◽

R. C. Bonadonna ◽

G. Gulli ◽

A. Solini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

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Total Body Fat Content versus BMI in 4-Year-Old Healthy Swedish Children

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2013/206715 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Elisabet Forsum ◽

Eva Flinke Carlsson ◽

Hanna Henriksson ◽

Pontus Henriksson ◽

Marie Löf

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽

High Body ◽

Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Measurement Session ◽

Total Body

Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained25.2±4.7and26.8±4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P<0.001) but weak (r=0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.

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Oxygen consumption, activity and body fat in normal and hairless mice

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367782781110016 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 167-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. T. Donnelly

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Spontaneous Activity ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Hairless Mice ◽

Nmri Mice ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Consumption Activity ◽

Total Body

The oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of A2G ( hr/+), A2G ( hr/hr) and NMRI mice in groups of 2, 3, or 5 were measured, and body fat content was also determined. Average rates of oxygen consumption were found to be lowest in the A2G ( hr/+) and highest in the A2G ( hr/hr) mice, and conversely for the proportion of total body fat. There was no difference in activity of A2G ( hr/+) and A2G ( hr/hr), but the NMRI mice were more active.

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Rabbit Lines Divergently Selected for Total Body Fat Content: Correlated Responses on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1815

Author(s):

Rozália Kasza ◽

Tamás Donkó ◽

Zsolt Matics ◽

István Nagy ◽

Ádám Csóka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Fat Content ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Lean Line ◽

Selection For ◽

Total Body

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of divergently selected rabbits for total body fat content (fat index) on growth performance and carcass traits. The fat index was determined at 10 weeks of age by computed tomography and lasted for four consecutive generations. The rabbits with the lowest fat index belonged to the lean line and those of the highest values belonged to the fat line. At generation four, 60 rabbits/line were housed in wire-mesh cages and fed with commercial pellet ad libitum from weaning (5 w of age) to slaughtering (11 w of age). Growth performance, dressing out percentage and carcass adiposity were measured. The lean line showed a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than the fat line. Furthermore, the carcass of the lean rabbits had the highest proportion of fore (p < 0.020) and hind (p < 0.006) parts. On the contrary, rabbits of the fat line had the highest carcass adiposity (p < 0.001). The divergent selection for total body fat content showed to be effective for both lean and fat lines. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for terminal male lines, while the selection for higher total body fat content could be an advantage for rabbit does in providing fat (energy) reserves.

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The Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3255

Author(s):

Przemyslaw Czajkowski ◽

Edyta Adamska-Patruno ◽

Witold Bauer ◽

Joanna Fiedorczuk ◽

Urszula Krasowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Fat Content ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Total Body ◽

The Impact

Numerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), daily macronutrient intake, and obesity and its metabolic consequences. From 1549 Caucasian subjects of Polish origin, genotyped for the FTO SNPs (rs3751812, rs8044769, rs8050136, and rs9939609), 819 subjects were selected for gene–diet interaction analysis. Anthropometric measurements were performed and total body fat content and distribution, blood glucose and insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile were determined. Macronutrient intake was analyzed based on three-day food records, and daily physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-LF). Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype of rs3751812 presented lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat content, and hip and waist circumference and presented lower obesity-related markers if more than 48% of daily energy intake was derived from carbohydrates and lower subcutaneous and visceral fat content when energy intake derived from dietary fat did not exceed 30%. Similar results were observed for rs8050136 CC genotype carriers. We did not notice any significant differences in obesity markers between genotypes of rs8044769, but we did observe a significant impact of diet-gene associations. Body weight and BMI were significantly higher in TT and CT genotype carriers if daily energy intake derived from carbohydrates was less than 48%. Moreover, in TT genotype carriers, we observed higher blood glucose concentration while fasting and during the OGTT test if more than 18% of total energy intake was derived from proteins. In conclusion, our results indicate that daily macronutrient intake may modulate the impact of FTO genetic SNPs on obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences.

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Body fatness, insulin sensitivity and muscle oxygen supply in adolescents

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs1030391 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 391-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fiona E. ARROWSMITH ◽

Julie WARD ◽

Kieron ROONEY ◽

Adamandia D. KRIKETOS ◽

Louise A. BAUR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Body Fat ◽

Oxygen Supply ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Muscle Oxygen ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

Muscle blood flow can be reduced in insulin-resistant states. The present study examined the importance of body fatness and insulin sensitivity as variables that may be associated with muscle oxygen supply. We studied 38 adolescents (22 males, 16 females; age 15.3–18.6 years; body mass index 17.7–34.7kg/m2) and used near-IR spectroscopy to measure the muscle re-oxygenation rate after ischaemic finger flexion exercise. Total body fat content was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment. Regional lipid compartments were also assessed for potential associations with muscle oxygen supply. Abdominal adiposity (visceral and subcutaneous) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and soleus intramyocellular lipid levels were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Total body fat content (r = 0.67, P<0.001), abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.78, P<0.001), abdominal visceral fat area (r = 0.54, P<0.001) and intramyocellular lipid levels (r = 0.68, P<0.001) were significantly related to forearm re-oxygenation half-time. After adjusting for insulin sensitivity, both total body fat content (r = 0.395, P = 0.02) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.543, P = 0.001) remained positively associated with relatively reduced muscle oxygen supply in adolescent subjects. After adjusting for body fat content, abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0. 511, P = 0.002) was significantly associated with muscle oxygen supply. Thus muscle oxygen supply is associated with body fat content, and certain fat compartments may be more influential than others.

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