scholarly journals Perceptual bistability in auditory streaming: How much do stimulus features matter?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 73-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Denham ◽  
Kinga Gyimesi ◽  
Gábor Stefanics ◽  
István Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Streaming ◽  
Stimulus Features

scholarly journals Resetting of Auditory and Visual Segregation Occurs After Transient Stimuli of the Same Modality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan C. Higgins ◽  
Ambar G. Monjaras ◽  
Breanne D. Yerkes ◽  
David F. Little ◽  
Jessica E. Nave-Blodgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Streaming ◽  
Visual Distractor ◽  
Sensory Environment ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Modality Specificity ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Integrated Or ◽  
Spatial Locations

In the presence of a continually changing sensory environment, maintaining stable but flexible awareness is paramount, and requires continual organization of information. Determining which stimulus features belong together, and which are separate is therefore one of the primary tasks of the sensory systems. Unknown is whether there is a global or sensory-specific mechanism that regulates the final perceptual outcome of this streaming process. To test the extent of modality independence in perceptual control, an auditory streaming experiment, and a visual moving-plaid experiment were performed. Both were designed to evoke alternating perception of an integrated or segregated percept. In both experiments, transient auditory and visual distractor stimuli were presented in separate blocks, such that the distractors did not overlap in frequency or space with the streaming or plaid stimuli, respectively, thus preventing peripheral interference. When a distractor was presented in the opposite modality as the bistable stimulus (visual distractors during auditory streaming or auditory distractors during visual streaming), the probability of percept switching was not significantly different than when no distractor was presented. Conversely, significant differences in switch probability were observed following within-modality distractors, but only when the pre-distractor percept was segregated. Due to the modality-specificity of the distractor-induced resetting, the results suggest that conscious perception is at least partially controlled by modality-specific processing. The fact that the distractors did not have peripheral overlap with the bistable stimuli indicates that the perceptual reset is due to interference at a locus in which stimuli of different frequencies and spatial locations are integrated.

scholarly journals Resetting of Auditory and Visual Segregation Occurs After Transient Stimuli of the Same Modality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan C. Higgins ◽  
Ambar Monjaras ◽  
Breanne Yerkes ◽  
David F Little ◽  
Jessica Erin Nave-Blodgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Streaming ◽  
Visual Distractor ◽  
Sensory Environment ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Switch Rate ◽  
Modality Specificity ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Integrated Or ◽  
Spatial Locations

In the presence of a continually changing sensory environment, maintaining stable but flexible awareness is paramount, and requires continual organization of information. Determining which stimulus features belong together, and which are separate is therefore one of the primary tasks of the sensory systems. Unknown is whether there is a global or sensory-specific mechanism that regulates the final perceptual outcome of this streaming process. To test the extent of modality independence in perceptual control, an auditory streaming experiment, and a visual moving-plaid experiment were performed. Both were designed to evoke alternating perception of an integrated or segregated percept. In both experiments, transient auditory and visual distractor stimuli were presented in separate blocks, such that the distractors did not overlap in frequency or space with the streaming or plaid stimuli, respectively, thus preventing peripheral interference. When a distractor was presented in the opposite modality as the bistable stimulus (visual distractors during auditory streaming or auditory distractors during visual streaming), the rate of percept switching was not significantly different than when no distractor was presented. Conversely, significant differences in switch rate were observed following within-modality distractors, but only when the pre-distractor percept was segregated. Due to the modality-specificity of the distractor-induced resetting, the results suggest that conscious perception is at least partially controlled by modality-specific processing. The fact that the distractors did not have peripheral overlap with the bistable stimuli indicates that the perceptual reset is due to interference at a locus in which stimuli of different frequencies and spatial locations are integrated.

Response Interference as a Mechanism Underlying Implicit Measures

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski ◽  
Roland Deutsch ◽  
Etienne P. LeBel ◽  
Kurt R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Response Interference ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Over the last decade, implicit measures of mental associations (e.g., Implicit Association Test, sequential priming) have become increasingly popular in many areas of psychological research. Even though successful applications provide preliminary support for the validity of these measures, their underlying mechanisms are still controversial. The present article addresses the role of a particular mechanism that is hypothesized to mediate the influence of activated associations on task performance in many implicit measures: response interference (RI). Based on a review of relevant evidence, we argue that RI effects in implicit measures depend on participants’ attention to association-relevant stimulus features, which in turn can influence the reliability and the construct validity of these measures. Drawing on a moderated-mediation model (MMM) of task performance in RI paradigms, we provide several suggestions on how to address these problems in research using implicit measures.

Self-Prioritization Beyond Perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schäfer ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Christian Frings
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Relevant Word ◽  
Word Shape

Abstract. Recently, Sui, He, and Humphreys (2012) introduced a new paradigm to measure perceptual self-prioritization processes. It seems that arbitrarily tagging shapes to self-relevant words (I, my, me, and so on) leads to speeded verification times when matching self-relevant word shape pairings (e.g., me – triangle) as compared to non-self-relevant word shape pairings (e.g., stranger – circle). In order to analyze the level at which self-prioritization takes place we analyzed whether the self-prioritization effect is due to a tagging of the self-relevant label and the particular associated shape or due to a tagging of the self with an abstract concept. In two experiments participants showed standard self-prioritization effects with varying stimulus features or different exemplars of a particular stimulus-category suggesting that self-prioritization also works at a conceptual level.

The Sorting Paired Features Task

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bar-Anan ◽  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Michelangelo Vianello
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Association Measures ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Single Response

The sorting paired features (SPF) task measures four associations in a single response block. Using four response options (e.g., good-Republicans, bad-Republicans, good-Democrats, and bad-Democrats), each trial requires participants to categorize two stimuli at once to a category pair (e.g., wonderful-Clinton to good-Democrats). Unlike other association measures, the SPF requires simultaneous categorization of both components of the association in the same trial. Providing measurement flexibility, it is sensitive to both focal, attended concepts and nonfocal, unattended stimulus features (e.g., gender of individuals in a politics SPF). Three studies measure race, gender, and political evaluations, differentiate automatic evaluations between known groups, provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity with other attitude measures, and illustrate the SPF’s unique measurement qualities.

The Two Sides of Temporal Orienting

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Correa ◽  
Paola Cappucci ◽  
Anna C. Nobre ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Target Onset ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Spatial Stroop Effect ◽  
Probable Interval ◽  
Spatial Stroop ◽  
Temporal Orienting

Would it be helpful to inform a driver about when a conflicting traffic situation is going to occur? We tested whether temporal orienting of attention could enhance executive control to select among conflicting stimuli and responses. Temporal orienting was induced by presenting explicit cues predicting the most probable interval for target onset, which could be short (400 ms) or long (1,300 ms). Executive control was measured both by flanker and Simon tasks involving conflict between incompatible responses and by the spatial Stroop task involving conflict between perceptual stimulus features. The results showed that temporal orienting facilitated the resolution of perceptual conflict by reducing the spatial Stroop effect, whereas it interfered with the resolution of response conflict by increasing flanker and Simon effects. Such opposite effects suggest that temporal orienting of attention modulates executive control through dissociable mechanisms, depending on whether the competition between conflicting representations is located at perceptual or response levels.

The identification of the critical haptic stimulus features in a clinical dental task

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Geb Thomas ◽  
Clark Stanford ◽  
Lynn Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Features

A Matter of Perspective: How adults represent causal launching sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deon T. Benton ◽  
David H. Rakison
Keyword(s):  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Associative Mechanism ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Modular Domain ◽  
Stimulus Features

The ability to reason about causal events in the world is fundamental to cognition. Despite the importance of this ability, little is known about how adults represent causal events, what structure or form those representations take, and what the mechanism is that underpins such representations. We report four experiments with adults that examine the perceptual basis on which adults represent four-object launching sequences (Experiments 1 and 2), whether adults representations reflect sensitivity to the causal, perceptual, or causal and perceptual relation among the objects that comprise such sequences (Experiment 3), and whether such representations extend beyond spatiotemporal contiguity to include other low-level stimulus features such as an object’s shape and color (Experiment 4). Based on these results of the four experiments, we argue that a domain-general associative mechanism, rather a modular, domain-specific, mechanism subserves adults’ representations of four-object launching sequences.

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