Self-Prioritization Beyond Perception

Author(s):  
Sarah Schäfer ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Christian Frings

Abstract. Recently, Sui, He, and Humphreys (2012) introduced a new paradigm to measure perceptual self-prioritization processes. It seems that arbitrarily tagging shapes to self-relevant words (I, my, me, and so on) leads to speeded verification times when matching self-relevant word shape pairings (e.g., me – triangle) as compared to non-self-relevant word shape pairings (e.g., stranger – circle). In order to analyze the level at which self-prioritization takes place we analyzed whether the self-prioritization effect is due to a tagging of the self-relevant label and the particular associated shape or due to a tagging of the self with an abstract concept. In two experiments participants showed standard self-prioritization effects with varying stimulus features or different exemplars of a particular stimulus-category suggesting that self-prioritization also works at a conceptual level.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-209
Author(s):  
E. N. Makhmutova

On April 16th and 17th, 2021, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MSUPE), Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education (RAE), the Philosophical Society Dialectic and Culture together with the ANO Institute of Problem Educational Policies Eureka and informational support of the journals Cultural-Historical Psychology and Voprosy Filosofii held an international scientific conference The Riddle of the Self. The scientific conference took place in MSUPE in connection with the 90th anniversary of Felix Trofimivich Mikhailov (1930-2006), Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Academician of the RAE and the author of the book under the same title. The Riddle of the Self was originally published in 1964 and advocated for a general study of human nature based on the study of cognition, consciousness, and language. This lapidary book was reprinted in 1976 and determined a whole new paradigm of multidisciplinary knowledge of person and personality across various research fields. The focus of the Self of F. T. Mikhailov came into being through his idea of appeal (obrashchenie). This concept is vivid in his works and multi-author books Public Consciousness and Individual Self-consciousness (1990), Self-Consciousness: Mine and Ours (1997), Human as Object and Subject of Medicine (1999), Selected Works (2001), Self-determination of Culture. Philosophical Search (2003), and in multiple scientific articles in the journals Voprosy Filosofii, Philosophical Sciences etc. F. T. Mikhailov viewed appeal as a mechanism of creation, development and transformation of culture, as well as the mechanism of its appropriation in ontogenesis and phylogenesis. According to F. T. Mikhailov, culture is nothing less than an antecedent, process and result of people’s creation of their appeals to each other and themselves, appeals that are essential to their very life. Culture as intersubjectivity of human collectivity is deeply rooted in the fabric of education and determines the appeals of the participants of the educational process. F. T. Mikhailov considered education a meeting point of generations, where different age groups face each other and appeal to each other in a way that generates, reconstitutes and conserves culture. The key to the above-mentioned riddle can be found in the domain of human freedom of thought, feeling and action. And every person can advance the emergence of a free and creative Self, both personal and universal. The conference comprised multiple lines of research into philosophy, culture, communication, psychology and education and made it clear that we are still students of F. T. Mikhailov.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Carvalho ◽  
Juan Gallo ◽  
David Pereira ◽  
Patrícia Valentão ◽  
Paula Andrade ◽  
...  

Self-assembled peptide hydrogels have emerged in recent years as the new paradigm in biomaterials research. We have contributed to this field the development of hydrogels based on dehydrodipeptides N-capped with naproxen. The dehydrodipeptide hydrogels can be loaded with drugs, thus being potential nanocarriers for drug delivery. In this work novel dehydrodipeptides containing tyrosine and aspartic acid amino acid residues N-capped with naproxen and C-terminal dehydrophenylalanine were prepared and characterized. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were incorporated into the dehydrodipeptide-based hydrogels and their effect on the self-assembly, structure and rheological and magnetic properties of the hydrogels was studied. Magnetic hydrogels, with incorporated SPIONs, displayed concentration-dependent T2-MRI contrast enhancement. Moreover, upon magnetic excitation (alternating magnetic field –AMF–) the SPIONs were able to generate a significant amount of heat. Hence, magnetic hyperthermia can be used as a remote trigger for release of drug cargos and SPIONs incorporated into the self-assembled dehydrodipeptide hydrogels.


2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Silvia

The human capacity for self‐awareness allows people to envision their eventual death and thus creates the potential for debilitating anxiety. Terror management research has shown that self‐awareness exacerbates the experience of mortality salience. I suggest that self‐awareness alone can induce mortality salience through dialectical thinking. If constructs include a concept and its opposite, then focusing on one aspect should also increase awareness of the opposite. Focusing on the existing object self should thus lead to the recognition of the non‐existent self that is implied. In study 1, participants experienced one of two self‐awareness manipulations (exposure to a mirror, perceiving the self as distinctive) or no manipulation; mortality salience was measured using a death‐relevant word completion task. Both self‐awareness conditions reported significantly higher mortality salience than the control condition. In study 2, participants exposed to their reflection reported increased death salience and life salience (as measured by death‐ and life‐relevant word completion tasks) than a control group, which directly suggests that self‐awareness leads people to dialectically consider opposing facets of the self. Terror management and objective self‐awareness theories might thus be more intimately tied than was previously thought. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llewellyn Negrin

Recently, there has emerged a new paradigm, informed by poststructuralist theory, for the appraisal of cosmetics. According to this approach, earlier critiques of cosmetics have been based on a mistaken premise that there exists a 'true' self independent of the masks one assumes when, in fact, the self is constituted by these very masks. Thus, in contrast to previous critics who proposed a return to the 'natural' body, these recent theorists advocate a cosmetics which openly declares its artificial nature. However, as will be argued in this paper, in their concern to dismantle 'essentialist' notions of the self, poststructuralist theorists have unwittingly fallen into the embrace of the cosmetics industry with their promotion of the notion of the self as masquerade. In our postmodern culture where the cult of appearances has become ubiquitous, the advocacy of a hedonistic experimentation with various guises is complicitous with contemporary capitalist consumer ideology.


2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Bell ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
Rainer Riemann

A new paradigm has emerged in which both genetic and environmental factors are cited as possible influences on sociopolitical attitudes. Despite the increasing acceptance of this paradigm, several aspects of the approach remain underdeveloped. Specifically, limitations arise from a reliance on a twins-only design, and all previous studies have used self-reports only. There are also questions about the extent to which existing findings generalize cross-culturally. To address those issues, this study examined individual differences in liberalism/conservatism in a German sample that included twins, their parents, and their spouses and incorporated both self- and peer reports. The self-report findings from this extended twin family design were largely consistent with previous research that used that rater perspective, but they provided higher estimates of heritability, shared parental environmental influences, assortative mating, and genotype-environment correlation than the results from peer reports. The implications of these findings for the measurement and understanding of sociopolitical attitudes are explored.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Sonyel Oflazoğlu

This work studies how the luxury experiences and perceptions of consumers are. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the modern luxury consumption experiences from a wider perspective rather than focusing on the traditional luxury consumption as a signifier of social status. The study adopts an interpretative and exploratory approach to explain in detail the contribution of the luxury consumption of consumers to the construction of self. Among the qualitative research methods, the method of keeping a diary, which sincerely transmits the processes, relations and perceptions in the daily world of the consumers was applied to the study [1]. The consumer diaries enable a ground to understand the complex structure of luxury experiences as a loop of luxury which is an indispensable part of the daily life of consumers. To achieve maximum diversity 16 participants from different age, occupation and education fields are selected. The consumer diaries are analyzed by using the inductive categorization process [2] and constant comparative method [3]. The research results are classified the luxury experiences under three categories indispensably related with processes and conditions of the self. The findings of the work are related with the present theories on self yet they pose a transition from vanity consumption, to which the perception of luxury bases, to temporary and abstract concept of consumption.


2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Sui ◽  
Ying Zhu

The current study developed a new paradigm to determine the age at which children begin to show the self-reference advantage in memory. Four-, 5-, and 10-year-olds studied lists of colourful object pictures presented together with self or other face image, and participants were asked to report aloud “who is pointing at the (object).” Then incidental free recall was carried out, followed by source judgments based on the earlier test where participants had to distinguish who pointed to the object. In Experiment 1, only 5-year-old children showed self-reference advantage in the recall, but not in source judgments. By increasing task demand in Experiment 2, 5 and 10-year-olds also showed the self-reference advantage in the recall, but not in source judgments. These results indicated that the new paradigm is appropriate to measure children's self-reference effect in memory, and children as young as 5 years begin to show this effect.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 20150148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Magnotti ◽  
Jeffrey S. Katz ◽  
Anthony A. Wright ◽  
Debbie M. Kelly

The ability to learn abstract relational concepts is fundamental to higher level cognition. In contrast to item-specific concepts (e.g. pictures containing trees versus pictures containing cars), abstract relational concepts are not bound to particular stimulus features, but instead involve the relationship between stimuli and therefore may be extrapolated to novel stimuli. Previous research investigating the same/different abstract concept has suggested that primates might be specially adapted to extract relations among items and would require fewer exemplars of a rule to learn an abstract concept than non-primate species. We assessed abstract-concept learning in an avian species, Clark's nutcracker ( Nucifraga columbiana ), using a small number of exemplars (eight pairs of the same rule, and 56 pairs of the different rule) identical to that previously used to compare rhesus monkeys, capuchin monkeys and pigeons. Nutcrackers as a group ( N = 9) showed more novel stimulus transfer than any previous species tested with this small number of exemplars. Two nutcrackers showed full concept learning and four more showed transfer considerably above chance performance, indicating partial concept learning. These results show that the Clark's nutcracker, a corvid species well known for its amazing feats of spatial memory, learns the same/different abstract concept better than any non-human species (including non-human primates) yet tested on this same task.


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