Heart rate variability is significantly reduced in non-diabetic patients with hypertension

Introductions: Heart rate variability is reduced among patients with hypertension or those with diabetes mellitus. Hypertension and diabetes show frequent co-morbidity, but it is still not entirely clear whether heart arte variability is reduced in non-diabetic patients with hypertension. Aim: The aim of the authors was to evaluate the heart rate variability in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes and in control subjects. Method: 130 patients with hypertension, 48 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 87 control subjects were involved in the study. Minimum, mean and maximum heart rate, and parameters of heart rate variability were measured. Results: The mean of minimum heart rate did not differ significantly between the three groups. However, all other parameters were significantly reduced in patients with hypertension with and without diabetes as compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed between hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Heart rate variability is significantly reduced in non-diabetic patients with hypertension. It seems that type 2 diabetes results in no further significant reduction of heart rate variability in patients with hypertension. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 865–870.

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The Development of Selected Cardiovascular Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During a Spa Treatment

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.933228 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. S661-S667 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. FIALOVÁ ◽

O. KITTNAR

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Sympathetic Tone ◽

Control Group ◽

Electrical Stability ◽

Before And After ◽

Spa Treatment

Diabetes mellitus is not just a simple metabolic disorder, however, it is considered to be a cardiovascular disease of a metabolic origin. This is apparent especially when speaking about type 2 diabetes (DM II). The objective of our study was to determine whether a comprehensive spa treatment (procedures and drinking cure) may affect the level of the sympathetic tone of patients suffering from DM II. As an indicator of the sympathetic tone, selected electrocardiographic parameters derived from the heart rate variability and microwave alternans were chosen. There were 96 patients enrolled in our study: 38 patients with poorly controlled DM II and two control groups: 9 patients with compensated DM II and 49 patients, average age without diabetes or other disorders of the glucose metabolism. All received an identical spa treatment and continued their medical therapy. The electrophysiological examination of patients was performed before and after a three-week spa treatment using the KARDiVAR system. Parameters derived from the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), microvolt T-wave alternans, and microvolt R-wave alternans were analyzed in order to evaluate the tones of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The control group showed a slight increase of parameter the index of activity of regulatory systems (IRSA) (4.4±1.3 vs. 3.8±1.4; p=0.006) after the spa treatment, while increased heart rate (80.9±11.0 vs. 74.6±9.6; p=0.028), reduced index of centralization (IC) (1.3±0.6 vs. 2.9±1.4; p=0.027) and reduced index of myocardium (IM) (9.9±7.4 vs. 18.0±6.3; p=0.041) were found in patients with a compensated DM II. Patients with a poorly compensated DM II showed a decreased IM (10.9±8.6 vs. 16.9±5.2; p=0.001) and also a reduced IRSA (4.1±3.5 vs. 6.3±1.9; p=0.001). The results proved favorable changes in ANS cardiovascular control of patients with DM II after a spa treatment, especially in terms of reducing the sympathoadrenal system activity (decreased IRSA), improving electrical stability of the myocardium and increasing centrally controlled heart rate variability without overloading the cardiovascular system (drop of IM).

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Assessment of Thyroid Profile of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Patients with Diabetic Complications

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine ◽

10.18639/rabm.2020.1110909 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Friday K Iweka ◽

Godwin RA Okogun ◽

Ebenezer O Dic-Ijiewere ◽

Lawrence F Dada ◽

Iredia K Akhuemokhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Control Subjects ◽

The Mean ◽

Thyroid Profile

This study was undertaken to assess the thyroid profile of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and patients with some associated complications in the Edo state, Nigeria. Blood samples from 267 subjects, consisting of 164 diabetic patients (24 type 1 DM and 140 type 2 DM) and 103 nondiabetic apparently healthy individuals (as controls), were analyzed. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were determined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). From the result obtained, the T3 level was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic-nephropathy (D-NEPHR) patients than the control subjects, while the TSH and T4 levels of D-NEPHR were insignificantly (p > 0.05) higher than those of the control group. The mean TSH level was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control group, while the plasma T3 level was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control group. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean value of T4 of diabetic hypertensive patients when compared with the control subjects. The mean plasma T3 and T4 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic neuropathy (D-NEUR) patients than those of control subjects. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the mean plasma TSH level of D-NEUR patients when compared with those of control subjects. The mean plasma T3and T4 levels of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (DM-CHD) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of control subjects while the mean plasma TSH level of DM-CHD was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control subjects. No significant (p > 0.05) difference in the mean plasma TSH, T4, and T3 levels of diabetic retinopathy subjects when compared with those of control subjects was obtained.

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HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN SUBJECTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) ◽

10.18705/1607-419x-2013-19-2-178-183 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 178-183

Author(s):

E. A. Grigoricheva ◽

I. Y. Melnikov

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Hypertensive Patients

and their relationship to nitric oxide production by endothelium.Design and methods.The study involved 141 patients with hypertension, including isolated hypertension, and associated with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods of investigation included the evaluation of clinical and conventional instrumentation and laboratory parameters with the additional study of heart rate variability. To assess endothelial function we determined the level of the final stable metabolites of nitric oxide: nitrite and nitrate anions (NO2 - and NO3 -) in blood plasma. Results and conclusions.According to the analysis of heart rate variability we found apparent disturbances of heart rhythm regulation in hypertensive patients: decreased overall heart rate variability, decreased amplitude of parasympathetic, sympathetic and humoral waves, reduced proportion of sympathetic, parasympathetic waves and increase of humoral waves. Co-existing diabetes mellitus led to more apparent disturbances of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm. High heart rate and low heart rate variability in hypertensive patients are associated with an increase of the final metabolites of nitric oxide in the blood plasma.

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ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i8.456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽

Pardeep Agarwal ◽

Bushra Fiza ◽

Ramkishan Jat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

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Fermented pork fat (Sa-um) and lifestyle risk factors as potential indicators for type 2 diabetes among the Mizo population, Northeast India

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s41043-021-00257-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Freda Lalrohlui ◽

Souvik Ghatak ◽

John Zohmingthanga ◽

Vanlal Hruaii ◽

Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Lifestyle Habits ◽

Pork Fat

AbstractOver the last few decades, Mizoram has shown an increase in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, no in-depth scientific records are available to understand the occurrence of the disease. In this study, 500 patients and 500 healthy controls were recruited to understand the possible influence of their dietary and lifestyle habits in relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A multivariate analysis using Cox regression was carried out to find the influence of dietary and lifestyle factors, and an unpaired t test was performed to find the difference in the levels of biochemical tests. Out of 500 diabetic patients, 261 (52.3%) were males and 239 (47.7%) were females, and among the control group, 238 (47.7%) were males and 262 (52.3%) were females. Fermented pork fat, Sa-um (odds ratio (OR) 18.98), was observed to be a potential risk factor along with tuibur (OR 0.1243) for both males and females. Creatinine level was found to be differentially regulated between the male and female diabetic patients. This is the first report of fermented pork fat and tobacco (in a water form) to be the risk factors for diabetes. The unique traditional foods like Sa-um and local lifestyle habits like tuibur of the Mizo population may trigger the risk for the prevalence of the disease, and this may serve as a model to study other populations with similar traditional practices.

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Fenofibrate decreased microalbuminuria in the type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia

10.21203/rs.2.20116/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaomeng Sun ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Guang Wang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Fenofibrate Treatment

Abstract Background: This study was to research the efficacy of fenofibrate in the treatment of microalbuminuria in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (56) with microalbuminuria and hypertriglyceridemia aged 30 to 75 were randomly divided into the fenofibrate treatment group(n=28) and the control group (n=28) for 180 days. Urinary microalbumin /creatinine ratio (UACR) and other metabolic parameters were compared at baseline, during treatment and after treatment. Results: After 180 days, the reduction of levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in two groups were no differences. In treatment group, uric acid (UA) (296.42 ± 56.41 vs 372.46 ± 72.78), triglyceride (TG) [1.51(1.17, 2.06) vs 3.04(2.21, 3.29)], and UACR [36.45 (15.78,102.41) vs 129.00 (53.00, 226.25)] were significantly decreased compared with the baseline. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly increased (1.22 ± 0.26 vs 1.09 ± 0.24) compared with the baseline. The decrease in UACR [-44.05(-179.47, -12.16) vs -8.15(-59.69, 41.94)]in treatment group was significantly higher compared with the control group. The decrease in UACR was positively associated with the decreases in TG ( r = 0.447, P = 0.042) and UA ( r = 0.478, P = 0.024) after fenofibrate treatment. Conclusion: In the patients with hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fenofibrate can improve microalbuminuria and do not increase the deterioration of glomerular filtration rate

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Intermuscular Fat Content in Young Chinese Men With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Based on MR mDIXON-Quant Quantitative Technique

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.536018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Fuyao Yu ◽

Bing He ◽

Li Chen ◽

Fengzhe Wang ◽

Haidong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fat Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetes Group ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

And Control

ObjectiveSkeletal muscle fat content is one of the important contributors to insulin resistance (IR), but its diagnostic value remains unknown, especially in the Chinese population. Therefore, we aimed to analyze differences in skeletal muscle fat content and various functional MRI parameters between diabetic patients and control subjects to evaluate the early indicators of diabetes. In addition, we aimed to investigate the associations among skeletal muscle fat content, magnetic resonance parameters of skeletal muscle function and IR in type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects.MethodsWe enrolled 12 patients (age:29-38 years, BMI: 25-28 kg/m2) who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (intravenous plasma glucose concentration≥11.1mmol/l or fasting blood glucose concentration≥7.0mmol/l) together with 12 control subjects as the control group (age: 26-33 years, BMI: 21-28 kg/m2). Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, insulin, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PBG2h), and glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc). The magnetic resonance scan of the lower extremity and abdomen was performed, which can evaluate visceral fat content as well as skeletal muscle metabolism and function through transverse relaxation times (T2), fraction anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.ResultsWe found a significant difference in intermuscular fat (IMAT) between the diabetes group and the control group (p<0.05), the ratio of IMAT in thigh muscles of diabetes group was higher than that of control group. In the entire cohort, IMAT was positively correlated with HOMA-IR, HbAlc, T2, and FA, and the T2 value was correlated with HOMA-IR, PBG2h and HbAlc (p<0.05). There were also significant differences in T2 and FA values between the diabetes group and the control group (p<0.05). According to the ROC, assuming 8.85% of IMAT as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity of IMAT were 100% and 83.3%, respectively. Assuming 39.25ms as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity of T2 value were 66.7% and 91.7%, respectively. All the statistical analyses were adjusted for age, BMI and visceral fat content.ConclusionDeposition of IMAT in skeletal muscles seems to be an important determinant for IR in type 2 diabetes. The skeletal muscle IMAT value greater than 8.85% and the T2 value greater than 39.25ms are suggestive of IR.

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The influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the frequency and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias and heart rate variability in patients after myocardial infarction

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp150303219s ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 1050-1055

Author(s):

Viktor Stoickov ◽

Marina Deljanin-Ilic ◽

Dijana Stojanovic ◽

Stevan Ilic ◽

Sandra Saric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽

Qt Dispersion ◽

Rr Intervals

Background/Aim. After myocardial infarction arrhythmic cardiac deaths are significantly more frequent compared to non-arrhythmic ones. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the frequency and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. Methods. The study included 293 patients, mean age 59.5 ? 9.21 years, who were at least six months after acute myocardial infarction with the sinus rhythm, without atrioventricular blocks and branch blocks. In the clinical group 95 (32.42%) patients were with T2DM, while 198 (67.57%) patients were without diabetes. All of the patients were subjected to the following procedures: standard ECG according to which the corrected QT dispersion (QTdc) was calculated, exercise stress test, and 24-hour holter monitoring according to which, the four parameters of time domain of heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed: standard deviation of all normal RR intervals during 24 hours (SDNN), standard deviation of the averages of normal RR intervals in all five-minute segments during 24 hours (SDANN), the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal (RMS-SD), and percentage of consequtive RR intervals which differed for more than 50 ms during 24 hours (NN > 50 ms). Results. In patients after myocardial infarction, patients with T2DM had significantly higher percentage of frequent and complex ventricular arrhythmias compared to the patients without diabetes (p < 0.001). The patients with T2DM had significantly higher percentage of residual ischemia (p < 0.001), and arterial hypertension (p < 0.001), compared to patients without diabetes. The patients with T2DM had significantly lower values of HRV parameters: SDNN (p < 0.001); SDANN (p < 0.001); RMS-SD (p < 0.001), and NN > 50 ms (p < 0.001), and significantly higher values of QTdc (p < 0.001) compared to the patients without diabetes. Conclusion. The study showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus has significant influence on ventricular arrhythmias, HRV parameters and QT dispersion in patients after myocardial infarction.

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Relationship between homocysteine and non-dipper pattern in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-27302012000500002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Serdal Korkmaz ◽

Abdulkerim Yilmaz ◽

Gürsel Yildiz ◽

Fatih Kiliçli ◽

Serhat Içağasioğlu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: The rate of reduction of nocturnal blood pressure (NBP) is lesser than normal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) disrupts vascular structure and function, no matter the underlying causes. The risk of development of vascular disease is greater in diabetic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia than in patients with normal homocystein levels. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there are differences of homocystein levels in dipper and non-dippers patients with type 2 DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We compared 50 patients (33 females, 17 males) with type 2 DM and 35 healthy individuals (18 females, 17 males ) in a control group. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed and homocysteine levels were measured in all patients. RESULTS: We found that the percentage of non-dipper pattern was 72% in patients with type 2 DM and 57% in control group. In diabetic and control individuals, homocystein levels were higher in non-dipper (respectively 13.4 ± 8.1 µmol/L and 11.8 ± 5 µmol/L) than in dipper subjects (respectively, 11.8 ± 5.8 µmol/L and 10.1 ± 4.2 µmol/L), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (respectively, p = 0.545, p = 0.294). CONCLUSION: In both groups, homocystein levels were higher in non-dipper than in dipper participants, but there was no significant difference between the groups. High homocystein levels and the non-dipper pattern increases cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the relationship between nocturnal blood pressure changes and homocystein levels should be investigated in a larger study.

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